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Attian: Difference between revisions
→Phonology
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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
The Attian consonants undergo a number of phonological processes. | The Attian consonants undergo a number of phonological processes, all of which are completely phonemic. | ||
====Labiovelar coarticulation==== | ====Labiovelar coarticulation==== | ||
The labiovelar coarticulation, or simply labiovelarisation, is a process which only applies to the velar stops, that is /ŋ/, /k/ and /ɡ/. | The labiovelar coarticulation, or simply labiovelarisation, is a process which only applies to the velar stops, that is /ŋ/, /k/ and /ɡ/. | ||
The velar stops are coarticulated with their labial analogue when preceded or followed by a rounded vowel. This causes the | The velar stops are coarticulated with their labial analogue when preceded or followed by a rounded vowel. This causes the phonemes /ŋ͡m/, /k͡p/ and /ɡ͡b/. | ||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | {| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
<!-- Sentence --> | <!-- Sentence --> | ||
| | |'''u{{blue|gg}}au''' | ||
! | ! | ||
| | |'''eru{{blue|m}}i''' | ||
! | ! | ||
| | |'''gva u{{blue|gg}}au egegi''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | <!-- Pronunciation--> | ||
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====Fricativisation==== | ====Fricativisation==== | ||
The | The 4 plosives, /t/, /d/, /k/ and /ɡ/, are fricativisised into /θ/, /ð/, /x/ and /ɣ/ intervocalic positions. The fricativisation also occurs should any of the plosives precede other hetero-organic plosives.{{Sidebar-At}} | ||
Fricativisation only applies should the plosives occur as a coda, or onset in an unstressed syllable. This implies that any fricativisation due to external sandhi, i.e. if the preceeding word ends with a vowel, is impossible. | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | {| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
<!-- Sentence --> | <!-- Sentence --> | ||
| | |'''a{{blue|d}}an''' | ||
! | ! | ||
| | |'''e{{blue|g}}ta''' | ||
! | ! | ||
| | |'''gv{{blue|a d}}ana''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | <!-- Pronunciation--> | ||
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{{Vowels-At}} | {{Vowels-At}} | ||
=====Diphthongs===== | =====Diphthongs===== | ||
There are 12 phonemic diphthongs in the Attian language. They non-syllabic elements [i̯] and [u̯] are heavily allophonic with /j/ and /w/ respectively. | There are 12 phonemic diphthongs in the Attian language. They non-syllabic elements [i̯] and [u̯] are heavily allophonic with /j/ and /w/ respectively, and most often simplified as such. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 200px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 200px; text-align: center;" | ||
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====Vowel allophony==== | ====Vowel allophony==== | ||
The Attian language's vowels exposed to a great deal of allophony, in different phonological circumstances and when subjects to stress | The Attian language's vowels exposed to a great deal of allophony, in different phonological circumstances and when subjects to stress. Vowels may change their quality when: | ||
*Preceding | *Preceding palato-velar or glottal consonants. This retracts articulation of front vowels, and leaves back vowels unaffected. | ||
*Preceding rhotic consonants, i.e. /ɹ/. Vowels preceding the rhotic become supradentalised if back, and unaffected if front vowels. | *Preceding rhotic consonants, i.e. /ɹ~rʰ/. Vowels preceding the rhotic become supradentalised if back, and unaffected if front vowels. | ||
*In a stressed syllable. The language has a [[Attian#Stress|moraic stress system]], thus distinguishing the weight of syllables - the heavier the syllable, the greater chance of being stressed. Interestingly, the heaviest syllable is reinforced when stressed, which changes the vowel's quality or diphthongising it. | *In a stressed syllable. The language has a [[Attian#Stress|moraic stress system]], thus distinguishing the weight of syllables - the heavier the syllable, the greater chance of being stressed. Interestingly, the heaviest syllable is reinforced when stressed, which changes the vowel's quality or diphthongising it. | ||
It is important to note that none of the diphthongs are affected by the allophony, and nor are monosyllables. | It is important to note that none of the diphthongs are affected by the allophony, and nor are any monosyllables. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Grapheme | ! Grapheme | ||
! | ! Basic | ||
! Before | ! Before palato-velars | ||
! Before rhotics | ! Before rhotics | ||
! Stressed | ! Stressed | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The allophonic pronunciation is not compulsory, but should be aspired for, to imitate a "native" pronunciation. | The allophonic pronunciation is not compulsory, but should be aspired for, to imitate a "native" pronunciation. | ||
*And as previously described are monosyllables unaffected by the syllable reinforcement. | *And as previously described, are monosyllables unaffected by the syllable reinforcement. | ||
==Phonotactics== | ==Phonotactics== | ||