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* When followed or preceded by a vowel but not word-initially, /{{IPA|i}}/ shortens and forms a diphthong with the adjacent vowel. Examples: '''{{term|gnio}}''' /{{IPA|ɲi̯o}}/, '''{{term|perstelitio}}''' /{{IPA|persteˈlit͡si̯o}}/.
* When followed or preceded by a vowel but not word-initially, /{{IPA|i}}/ shortens and forms a diphthong with the adjacent vowel. Examples: '''{{term|gnio}}''' /{{IPA|ɲi̯o}}/, '''{{term|perstelitio}}''' /{{IPA|persteˈlit͡si̯o}}/.
* [{{IPA|ɾ}}] is a permissible allophone of /{{IPA|r}}/ in fast speech.
* [{{IPA|ɾ}}] is a permissible allophone of /{{IPA|r}}/ in fast speech.
* [{{IPA|ŋ}}] is an allophone of /{{IPA|n}}/ before velar stops /{{IPA|k, g}}/, both intra- and intersyllabically, although the latter can only happen in the [[Avendonian#Dialects|Low Burgundian dialect]].<br>Examples: '''{{term|drincare}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|driŋˈkare}}/, '''{{term|anguste}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|aŋˈguste}}/, Low Burgundian '''{{term|clang}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|klaŋg}}/ (standard '''{{term|clango}}''').
* [{{IPA|ŋ}}] is an allophone of /{{IPA|n}}/ before velar stops /{{IPA|k, g}}/, both intra- and intersyllabically, although the former can only happen in the [[Avendonian#Dialects|Low Burgundian dialect]].<br>Examples: '''{{term|drincare}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|driŋˈkare}}/, '''{{term|anguste}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|aŋˈguste}}/, Low Burgundian '''{{term|clang}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|klaŋg}}/ (standard '''{{term|clango}}''').


===Vowels===
===Vowels===

Revision as of 21:36, 9 September 2020

Avendonian
avendoniano
Pronunciation[[Help:IPA|[[[IPA for Avendonian|[avendoˈni̯ano]]]]]]
Created byS.C.
Indo-European
Early form
Old Avendonian
Standard form
Central Avendonian dialect
Dialects
  • North Adriatic (nordadriatico)
  • Alpine (alpino)
  • High Burgundian (ocburgundico)
  • Low Burgundian (lagburgundico)
  • Genoese (genoico)
Official status
Official language in
Avendonia
Flag of Avendonia square 2.png
Map

Avendonian (autoglossonym: avendoniano; Avendonian: [avendoˈni̯ano]) is a West Germanic language, with strong influence of Vulgar Latin. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both regions, after West Germanic merchants began travelling to and from the Western Roman Empire. These connections—and the conquest by the Germanic tribes of the northern skirts of the Roman Empire—slowly formed a creole for mutual communication. Eventually, permanent settlements were established in what would become modern-day Avendonia, where Avendonian is primarily spoken, with official status.

While its vocabulary derives for the most part from Proto-Germanic, Latin influence is most notable in its phonology and its grammar.

Etymology

The language name derives directly from the country it is spoken in, Avendonia. It makes reference to the Roman description of the Avendonian peoples, which were settled west of Rome; in the direction of the setting sun. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *ēbanþs (“evening”), it came to mean “sunset people” or “people of the setting sun”.

Orthography

The Avendonian alphabet consists of 18 letters, five of which are vowels and 13 consonants. There are no diacritics, and the only two standard contractions make use of the apostrophe to mark vowel omission.

Letters of the Avendonian alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Ii Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv

Non-native letters such as J, K, Q, Z, etc. may occur in some foreign words or proper nouns, chiefly in toponyms and given names. The letters correspond almost one to one to their pronunciation. The Avendonian orthography is considered a shallow or phonetic, as opposed to deep orthographies like French's. The orthography features that do not follow the correspondance are:

  • The letters c and g make the sound /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/, respectively, if followed by e or i. Examples: cicare /t͡͡ʃiˈkare/, geldo /ˈd͡ʒeldo/.
  • t in the combination ti makes the sound /t͡s/. Example: tite /ˈt͡site/.
  • The combination gn makes the sound /ɲ/, as in Italian or Spanish ñ. Example: gnagare /ɲaˈgare/.
  • i in intervocalic position or word-initially turns into the semivowel /j/. Examples: iaro /ˈjare/, bluiare /bluˈjare/.
  • The digraph sc before front vowels (i.e. i and e) makes the sound /ʃ/. Example: sciio /ˈʃijo/.
  • The digraph ch makes the sound /k/, and it is only found in loanwords.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
Labial Dental/
alveolar
Post-
alveolar
/
palatal
Velar
Nasal m n ɲ (ŋ)
Stop p b t d  k ɡ
Affricate t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Fricative f v s ʃ
Approximant j
Lateral l
Trill r
Flap (ɾ)

Notes:

  • As stated in §Orthography, /k, g, sk/ retract to /t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʃ/ before front vowels /i, e/.
  • When followed or preceded by a vowel but not word-initially, /i/ shortens and forms a diphthong with the adjacent vowel. Examples: gnio /ɲi̯o/, perstelitio /persteˈlit͡si̯o/.
  • [ɾ] is a permissible allophone of /r/ in fast speech.
  • [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velar stops /k, g/, both intra- and intersyllabically, although the former can only happen in the Low Burgundian dialect.
    Examples: drincare /driŋˈkare/, anguste /aŋˈguste/, Low Burgundian clang /klaŋg/ (standard clango).

Vowels

Vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
Close i (y) u
Close-mid e o
Open a

Notes:

  • /y/ is native to the Burgundian dialects, evolved from Proto-Germanic *iu which merged with /i/ in the rest of dialects.


While its vocabulary derives for the most part from Proto-Germanic, Latin influence is most notable in its phonology and its grammar, featuring no case system besides some remnants in personal pronouns forms, as in most of the modern Romance languages except for some religious terms which derive from Latin, as it was the language used by the Chrstian church (e.g. crocefiso “crucifix”, Goto “God”, etc.).