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===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Verbs are one if not the most difficult parts of Avendonian grammar.  
Verbs are the part of speech that exhibits the most morphology in Avendonian. There are ten main tenses, three moods, six persons and two numbers—passive participles inflect for gender too. Verbs in Avendonian are, in general, very regular except a small set of verbs, which includes the [[w:Copula (linguistics)|copula]] '''{{term|sire}}'''.


Avendonian classifies both weak and strong verbs in two conjugations, '''-are''' (first conjugation) and '''-ere''' (second conjugation). The former are the most prone to have [[w:ablaut|ablaut]], which changes the vowel of the stem in the perfect tenses.


====Weak verbs====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
|+ colspan="100%"|weak 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation example paradigm — ''{{term|ladare}}'' “to load”
|-
! colspan="3" | active participle
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | ladanti
|-
! colspan="3" | passive participle
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| ladato || ladata
|-
! plural
| ladati || ladate
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">person&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular<br/>''eo''
! style="width:12.5%" | second singular<br/>''tu''
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular<br/>''e'', ''si'', ''et''
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural<br/>''vi''
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural<br/>''i''
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural<br/>''si''
|-
! rowspan="5" | indicative
! present
| lado
| ladas
| lada
| ladamos
| ladates
| ladan
|-
! perfect
| lade
| ladasti
| lado
| ladamos
| ladastes
| ladaron
|-
! imperfect
| ladaba
| ladabas
| ladaba
| ladabamos
| ladabates
| ladaban
|-
! future
| ladarabo
| ladarabes
| ladarabe
| ladarabemos
| ladarabetes
| ladaraben
|-
! conditional
| ladaraba
| ladarabas
| ladaraba
| ladarabamos
| ladarabates
| ladaraban
|-
! rowspan="2" | subjunctive
! present
| lade
| lades
| lade
| lademos
| ladetes
| laden
|-
! perfect
| ladase
| ladases
| ladase
| ladasemos
| ladasetes
| ladasen
|-
!  colspan="2" | imperative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| lada
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ladan
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
|+ colspan="100%"|weak 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation example paradigm — ''{{term|ladere}}'' “to invite”
|-
! colspan="3" | active participle
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | ladenti
|-
! colspan="3" | passive participle
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| ladeto || ladeta
|-
! plural
| ladeti || ladete
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">person&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular<br/>''eo''
! style="width:12.5%" | second singular<br/>''tu''
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular<br/>''e'', ''si'', ''et''
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural<br/>''vi''
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural<br/>''i''
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural<br/>''si''
|-
! rowspan="5" | indicative
! present
| lado
| lades
| lade
| lademos
| ladetes
| laden
|-
! perfect
| ladui
| laduis
| ladui
| laduimos
| laduites
| laduin
|-
! imperfect
| ladia
| ladias
| ladia
| ladiamos
| ladiates
| ladian
|-
! future
| laderabo
| laderabes
| laderabe
| laderabemos
| laderabetes
| laderaben
|-
! conditional
| laderaba
| laderabas
| laderaba
| laderabamos
| laderabates
| laderaban
|-
! rowspan="2" | subjunctive
! present
| lada
| ladas
| lada
| ladamos
| ladates
| ladan
|-
! perfect
| laduise
| laduises
| laduise
| laduisemos
| laduisetes
| laduisen
|-
!  colspan="2" | imperative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| lade
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| laden
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
Notice:
* The only difference in active and passive participles, present indicative, future, and conditional is the [[w:Thematic vowel#Latin|thematic vowel]]. E.g. 2{{Abbtip|singular number|sg|sc}} {{Abbtip|present tense|prs|sc}} {{Abbtip|indicative mood|ind|sc}} '''lad<u>a</u>s''' vs. '''lad<u>e</u>s'''.
* Perfect subjunctive forms are perfect indicative forms with a '''-se''' suffix.
* If the thematic vowel is '''a''', then the vowel in the present subjunctive endings is '''e''', and vice versa.
* The personal endings are roughly '''-Ø''', '''-s''', '''-Ø''', '''-mos''', '''-tes''', '''-n'''.
* Imperative forms are exactly as singular and plural third-person present indicative forms. Formal imperatives are formed similarly with present subjunctive forms.
====Strong verbs====
Strong verbs are conjugated as weak verbs, but the main stem vowel undergoes a phonological process known as ablaut. This is present in the indicative and subjunctive perfect tense. In the following example, the tenses that remain unchanged are omitted.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
|+ colspan="100%"|strong 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation example paradigm — ''{{term|scedare}}'' “to separate”
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">person&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular<br/>''eo''
! style="width:12.5%" | second singular<br/>''tu''
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular<br/>''e'', ''si'', ''et''
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural<br/>''vi''
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural<br/>''i''
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural<br/>''si''
|-
! rowspan="2" | indicative
! present
| sc'''e'''do
| sc'''e'''das
| sc'''e'''da
| sc'''e'''damos
| sc'''e'''dates
| sc'''e'''dan
|-
! perfect
| sc'''i'''de
| sc'''i'''dasti
| sc'''i'''do
| sc'''i'''damos
| sc'''i'''dastes
| sc'''i'''daron
|-
! subjunctive
! perfect
| sc'''i'''dase
| sc'''i'''dases
| sc'''i'''dase
| sc'''i'''dasemos
| sc'''i'''dasetes
| sc'''i'''dasen
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
|+ colspan="100%"|strong 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation example paradigm — ''{{term|evere}}'' “to lift”
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">person&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular<br/>''eo''
! style="width:12.5%" | second singular<br/>''tu''
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular<br/>''e'', ''si'', ''et''
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural<br/>''vi''
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural<br/>''i''
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural<br/>''si''
|-
! rowspan="2" | indicative
! present
| '''e'''vo
| '''e'''ves
| '''e'''ve
| '''e'''vemos
| '''e'''vetes
| '''e'''ven
|-
! perfect
| '''u'''vui
| '''u'''vuis
| '''u'''vui
| '''u'''vuimos
| '''u'''vuites
| '''u'''vuin
|-
! subjunctive
! perfect
| '''u'''vuise
| '''u'''vuises
| '''u'''vuise
| '''u'''vuisemos
| '''u'''vuisetes
| '''u'''vuisen
|-
|}
Second-conjugation strong verbs are much less common than first-conjugation. They are derived from [[wikt:Appendix:Proto-Germanic verbs#j-presents|Proto-Germanic j-present strong verbs]], and were already scarce.
[[Category:Avendonian]][[Category:Germanic languages]][[Category:West Germanic languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Avendonian]][[Category:Germanic languages]][[Category:West Germanic languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]]
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