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Avendonian: Difference between revisions
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As said above, adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun, and are placed after them. They exist in three [[w:Comparison (grammar)|degrees]]: positive, comparative, and superlative. All three degress have an adverbial form, which will be discussed in [[Avendonian#Adverbs|§Adverbs]] below. | As said above, adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun, and are placed after them. They exist in three [[w:Comparison (grammar)|degrees]]: positive, comparative, and superlative. All three degress have an adverbial form, which will be discussed in [[Avendonian#Adverbs|§Adverbs]] below. | ||
====Positive degree==== | ====Positive degree==== | ||
The positive degree is the default form of Avendonian adjectives, which simply describes the noun. It is also the only degree subject to declensional variation. The declension patterns are exactly as those of nouns, | The positive degree is the default form of Avendonian adjectives, which simply describes the noun. It is also the only degree subject to declensional variation. The declension patterns are exactly as those of nouns, although '''{{term|porpora}}''' is considered irregular, not a-stem. | ||
{{Col-begin}} | {{Col-begin}} | ||
{{Col- | {{Col-n}} | ||
: '''Uno vagno roto.''' ''A red car.'' | : '''Uno vagno roto.''' ''A red car.'' | ||
{{Col- | {{Col-n}} | ||
: '''La dotre sciia mede.''' ''My shy daughter.'' | : '''La dotre sciia mede.''' ''My shy daughter.'' | ||
{{Col- | {{Col-n}} | ||
: '''Li landi fere.''' ''The distant'' or ''far countries.'' | : '''Li landi fere.''' ''The distant'' or ''far countries.'' | ||
{{Col-end}} | {{Col-end}} | ||
| Line 376: | Line 376: | ||
* ''Iane is as short as Vilelmo.'' '''Iane bi ta curto ca Vilelmo.''' | * ''Iane is as short as Vilelmo.'' '''Iane bi ta curto ca Vilelmo.''' | ||
* ''Iane is “less short” than Vilelmo.'' '''Iane bi minire curto ca Vilelmo'''. | * ''Iane is “less short” than Vilelmo.'' '''Iane bi minire curto ca Vilelmo'''. | ||
Notice the use of different prepositions in each comparison. | Notice the use of different prepositions in each comparison. Both ''X'' and ''Z'' can be personal pronouns, only in the subject form. | ||
* ''You are shorter than me.'' '''Tu bis curtior ce eo.''' | |||
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border: 0; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center; float: right;" | |||
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" | | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Regular | |||
! colspan="3" style="background: #c8c8c8;" | ''{{term|alto}}'' “old” | |||
|- | |||
! {{Abbtip|superlative|supl|sc}} !! masculine !! feminine | |||
|- | |||
! singular | |||
| altesmo || altesma | |||
|- | |||
! plural | |||
| altesmi || altesme | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
  | |||
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" | | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Irregular | |||
! colspan="3" style="background: #c8c8c8;" | ''{{term|guto}}'' “good” | |||
|- | |||
! {{Abbtip|superlative|supl|sc}} !! masculine !! feminine | |||
|- | |||
! singular | |||
| betesmo || betesma | |||
|- | |||
! plural | |||
| betesmi || betesme | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
====Superlative degree==== | |||
Superlatives are always preceded by a definite article, and both must agree with the noun they are modifying. Thus: | |||
* '''Iane bi el curtesmo.''' ''Iane is the shortest.'' | |||
* '''Iane e Vilelmo bin li curtesmi.''' ''Iane and Vilelmo are the shortest.'' | |||
====Indeclinable adjectives==== | |||
Some adjectives have a single form for all degrees, but the same effect is achieved placing before them the adverbs '''{{term|mere}}''' and '''{{term|mesto}}'''. Some of this adjectives are indeclinable for etymological reasons (e.g. '''{{term|na}}''') or they are active participles (e.g. '''{{term|denemanti}}'''). '''Mesto''' however does inflect for gender and number, like a regular adjective. | |||
{{Col-begin}} | |||
{{Col-n}} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ ''{{term|na}}'' “near, close” | |||
|- | |||
! positive !! comparative !! superlative | |||
|- | |||
| na || mere na || mesto na | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{{Col-n}} | |||
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border: 0; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: left;" | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align: middle;" | | |||
* ''That joke is the most welcome.''<br>'''Elo stricolo bi el mesto vilicume.''' | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{{Col-n}} | |||
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border: 0; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;" | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| style="vertical-align: middle;" | | |||
* ''Those jokes are the most welcome.''<br>'''Eli stricoli bin li mesti vilicume.''' | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{{Col-end}} | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
Verbs are one if not the most difficult parts of Avendonian grammar. | |||
[[Category:Avendonian]][[Category:Germanic languages]][[Category:West Germanic languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Avendonian]][[Category:Germanic languages]][[Category:West Germanic languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]] | ||