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Bearlandic: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|creator = User:Dē Graut Bʉr | |||
|image = | |image = | ||
|imagesize = | |imagesize = | ||
|name = Bearlandic | |name = Bearlandic | ||
|nativename = | |nativename = Bʉrnlannts | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation= ˈbœːrnlɑnːts | ||
|region = | |region = | ||
|states = | |states = | ||
|speakers = | |speakers = ~20 million | ||
|date = 2653 | |date = 2653 | ||
|familycolor= | |familycolor=conlang | ||
| | |fam1 = Iropo-Antilonian languages | ||
|fam2 = Berilonian languages | |||
|fam3 = Western Berilonian languages | |||
|ancestor=Old Bearlandic | |ancestor=Old Bearlandic | ||
| | |scripts= * Berilonian alphabet, western style | ||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
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Coda consonants may be voiced when the following syllable begins with a voiced consonant. | Coda consonants may be voiced when the following syllable begins with a voiced consonant. | ||
Most speakers have [ɬ] as an allophone of /l/, though the exact conditioning of this allophony varies considerably. In the cluster /tl/, the [ɬ] allophone is nearly universal, and the pronunciation of /lh/ as [ɬ], though less common, is also found all over the country. In a few places scattered across the country one may hear [sɬ] or even [ɬ] for /sl/, and in the east, some people devoice /l/ in any cluster involving voiceless consonants. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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The optative can be used in several ways, two of which will be discussed in this section. Firstly, it may be used to express a wish. In this case, the optative verb comes at the beginning of the sentence, and ''tyē'' is used when the subject can control the action, whereas ''wylē'' is used when it can't. | The optative can be used in several ways, two of which will be discussed in this section. Firstly, it may be used to express a wish. In this case, the optative verb comes at the beginning of the sentence, and ''tyē'' is used when the subject can control the action, whereas ''wylē'' is used when it can't. | ||
'''''Yē''' | '''''Yē''' hi oss hirr!''<br> | ||
'''If only''' he '''were''' here! | '''If only''' he '''were''' here! | ||
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*''vogg'' "bird" > ''voggs'' "birds" | *''vogg'' "bird" > ''voggs'' "birds" | ||
*''mann'' "man" > ''manns'' "men" | *''mann'' "man" > ''manns'' "men" | ||
*'' | *''fingrī'' "finger" > ''fingriss'' "fingers" | ||
A few nouns feature an irregular vowel change in the plural. | A few nouns feature an irregular vowel change in the plural. | ||
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*''sten'' "stone" > ''styness'' "stones" | *''sten'' "stone" > ''styness'' "stones" | ||
*''ry'' "row" > ''ryess'' "rows" | *''ry'' "row" > ''ryess'' "rows" | ||
*''kennī'' "dog" > ''kenniss'' "dogs" | |||
The nouns which end in -s in the singular are all irregular. Three of them have a plural in -issē. | The nouns which end in -s in the singular are all irregular. Three of them have a plural in -issē. | ||
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===Formation=== | ===Formation=== | ||
With a few exceptions, all adjectives end in the highly productive adjectivising suffix -ig. Adjectives derived from place names and names of ethnic groups end in -iess instead, and a closed class of native adjectives has no suffix at all. | With a few exceptions, all adjectives end in the highly productive adjectivising suffix -ig. Adjectives derived from place names and names of ethnic groups end in -iess instead, and a closed class of native adjectives has no suffix at all. | ||
A sizeable group of adjectives look like past participles, but are not derived from any actually existing verb. For example, ''ausgioggt(nē)'' "neutral" looks like it is the past participle of ''*ausogg'', but no such verb actually exists. | |||
===Inflection=== | ===Inflection=== | ||
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Adverbs can be derived from adjectives using the suffix -lyk. Most adjectives not ending in -ig can be used as adverbs without first adding -lyk. | Adverbs can be derived from adjectives using the suffix -lyk. Most adjectives not ending in -ig can be used as adverbs without first adding -lyk. | ||
Participial adjectives, as well as ''wyg'' "few, little", have separate attributive and predicative forms. When used attributively, the end in -nē, while they have no ending when used predicatively. The citation form of these adjectives is the predicative from. | |||
===Comparison=== | ===Comparison=== | ||