Bentovian
| Bentovian | |
|---|---|
| Created by | IlL, Praimhín |
| Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Lakovic
| |
Tsrovesh (croveš /tsɣoˈveʃ/) is a Lakovic language spoken in Txapoalli, inspired by Modern Hebrew and Georgian.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Tsrovesh is most commonly written with the Clofabic alphabet.
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | [ŋ] | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | ||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | s /s/ | š /ʃ/ | x /x/ | h /h/ | |
| voiced | v /v/ | z /z/ | ž /ʒ/ | r /ʁ/ | ||
| Affricate | voiceless | c /ts/ | č /tʃ/ | |||
| voiced | dz /dz/ | j /dʒ/ | ||||
| Approximant | l /l/ | |||||
Syllabic resonants: ṃ ṇ ḷ ṛ ṿ
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ | u /u/ | |
| Mid | e /e/ | o /o/ | |
| Open | a /a/ |
Consecutive vowels are prohibited.
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Tsrovesh phonology is slightly less restrictive than Israeli Hebrew but much more so than Georgian. As in both languages, initial consonant clusters appear frequently in Tsrovesh. Initial clusters of the form l/r + consonant are allowed. For example:
- croveš (the name of the language)
- ldag (door)
- šmer (man)
- cnaxat (dream)
- gzin (to shine)
- vlo (to live)
- lvar (to play)
- tkešet (regardless)
- švili (for)
Medial consonant clusters are also common:
- ertma (spider)
- detkvisi (limestone)
- opxram (reed)
Clusters must obey a sonority hierarchy, i.e. a resonant (one of m, n, l, r) cannot come between two non-resonants. For example, /tkv/ is allowed but /kmv/ is not.
All final clusters are prohibited.
Stress
Stress is always penultimate.
Morphology
Syntax
Constituent order
Tsrovesh sentence structure is VSO and head-final, except for complementizer phrases and prepositional phrases. Tsrovesh is not zero-copula; the word for 'to live' is used as a copula. Word order is strict, and topicalization occurs with the suffix -eti.
Noun phrase
The adjective comes before the noun in Tsrovesh:
ha-udvanit ertma = the happy spider
(udvanit = happy, ertma = spider)
But relative clauses are placed after the noun:
ertma, li-ves ha-šmer kixaven = spider who the man killed
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Conjunctions
et = and
-eb = and (used like Latin -que)
Dependent clauses
Numbers
Windermere 1-5: doan, rath, stiw, smech, müets
?, ?, ?, ?, ?, mevti, uškni, voherbi, adorgi, ktela, ktela azareb, ktela kineb, ktela tvagib, ktela lucmib, ...
20 = ktela mekin