Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions

Chlouvānem (view source)

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→‎Aorist Indicative

Lili21

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 |-
 | 3PL || nāmv'''axhlītė''' || maiš'''axhlītė''' || uvald'''axhlītė'''
+|}
+====Perfect Indicative====
+The perfect is formed with the same terminations for all verbs. The particularity of this tense is that it uses a special stem, formed by prefixing the root vowel (shortened and with the basic root ablaut) to the stem. Examples:
+* ''nāmvake'' “to crush, press” = ''nāmv- → anāmv-''
+* ''khlunāke'' “to search, look for” = ''khlu- → ukhlu-''
+* ''hilkake'' “to dye, colour” = ''hilk- → ihilk-''
+* ''męlike'' “to give” = ''męlь → emęlь-''
+'''æ''' uses '''i'''; '''o''' and '''ṛ''' use '''a'''; diphthongs usually only take their first component, exceptions being '''ai''' (→ e) and '''au''' (→ o):
+* ''dældake'' “to speak” = ''dæld- → idæld-''
+* ''kolkake'' “to be acid” = ''kolk- → akolk-''
+* ''tṛlake'' “to know, understand” = ''tṛl- → atṛl-''
+* ''yaudake'' “to catch” = ''yaud- → oyaud-''
+* ''laitake'' “to row” = ''lait- → elait-''
+Causative stems with ablaut have a full reduplication, using the first consonant plus the basic vowel grade, like ''miš- → maiš- → mimaiš-''.
+A few verbs have irregular stems:
+* ''lilke'' “to live” = ''lælī-''
+* ''dṛke'' “to do” = ''dadrā-''
+Regular forms (3rd person singular and plural are the same for all verbs):
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Person !! nāmvake "to crush, press"<br/>(exterior) !! dældake “to speak”<br/>(interior)
+|-
+| 1SG || anāmv'''am''' || idæld'''emæ'''
+|-
+| 2SG || anāmv'''es''' || idæld'''ešæ'''
+|-
+| 3SG || anāmv'''a''' || idæld'''ėla'''
+|-
+| 1DU || anāmv'''onda''' || idæld'''ojėm'''
+|-
+| 2DU || anāmv'''odes''' || idæld'''ojės'''
+|-
+| 3DU || anāmv'''ot''' || idæld'''ojai'''
+|-
+| 1PL || anāmv'''amia''' || idæld'''alæm'''
+|-
+| 2PL || anāmv'''asia''' || idæld'''alæs'''
+|-
+| 3PL || anāmv'''a''' || idæld'''ėla'''
+|}
+Causative forms:
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Person !! nāmvake "to make crush, press"<br/>(exterior) !! mišake "to learn; to show each other"<br/>(interior)
+|-
+| 1SG || anāmv'''ixam''' || mimaiš'''ixmæ'''
+|-
+| 2SG || anāmv'''ixes''' || mimaiš'''ikṣæ'''
+|-
+| 3SG || anāmv'''ixa''' || mimaiš'''ixėla'''
+|-
+| 1DU || anāmv'''ixunda''' || mimaiš'''ixujėm'''
+|-
+| 2DU || anāmv'''ixudes''' || mimaiš'''ixujės'''
+|-
+| 3DU || anāmv'''ixut''' || mimaiš'''ixujai'''
+|-
+| 1PL || anāmv'''ixmia''' || mimaiš'''ixlæm'''
+|-
+| 2PL || anāmv'''inxia''' || mimaiš'''ixlæs'''
+|-
+| 3PL || anāmv'''ixa''' || mimaiš'''ixėla'''
 |}