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→‎Expressing time in Chlouvānem

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 == Expressing time in Chlouvānem ==
-Time expressions in Chlouvānem are categorized as either '''continuous time''' (''flunavyāṣa'') or '''punctual time''' (''tatimvyāṣa''); continuous expressions are expressed with accusative or translative case, while punctual time with either locative or ablative plus particles.
+Time expressions in Chlouvānem are categorized as either '''continuous time''' (''flunavyāṣa'') or '''punctual time''' (''tatimvyāṣa''); continuous expressions are expressed with essive, accusative or translative case, while punctual time with either locative or ablative plus particles.
 Continuous time is expressed with accusative singular in most cases, as there usually is a cardinal number, e.g. ''šulkmāmei tetacunīyu yųlauça'' — I ate for sixty (50<sub>12</sub>) tetacuneyai. The main exception is where there's no specific time quantity, e.g. ''garaṇānu yųlaute'' — I ate for hours.
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 * solar and lunar months — ''māltapārṇāvye'', ''tāriāṣṭrye''
 * lānimpeʔilai — ''chlærlīltāvye / līleñchlæriāvye''
-* days — ''9-e brausāseni'' (on the 9th of Brausāsena)
+* days — ''9-e brausāseni'' (on the 9th of Brausāsena), ''lalla šurāje'' "coming/next Šurājah"
 * festivities <small>(see [[Verse:Chlouvānem_Inquisition#Holidays|Chlouvānem Inquisition § Holidays]] for a list of them)</small> — ''bhaivyāvāṣare'' (during Bhaivyāvāṣara)
-* hours — ''3-e bembyē'' (at 3 in the afternoon)
+* hours — ''bhraṃšāyi 3-e'' (at 3 in the afternoon)
 * seasons — ''enaukaṃrye'' (in summer)
 Seasons are a partial exception, because if the meaning is "throughout the season", then the accusative is used, e.g. ''enaukamu'' throughout the summer", "all summer long".
-The following particles are also time expressions:
+More time expressions formed with particles:
-* '''flut''' with ablative case: “... ago” — ''pāmvių heirų flut'' “three years ago”
+{| class="wikitable"
-* '''flut''' with accusative case: “... from/for/since” — ''pāmviu heiru flut'' "for three years (now)"
+|-
-* '''natte''' with ablative case: “in” — ''pāmvių heirų natte'' “in three years", "three years from now"
+! Particle !! Case !! Meaning !! Example
-* '''natte''' with translative case: ”until" — ''pāmvin heiran natte'' "for the coming three years"
+|-
-* '''ānat''' with ablative case: "after" — ''pāmvių heirų ānat'' “after three years"
+! rowspan=2 | flut !! <small>Ablative</small>
-* '''šut''' with ablative case: "before" — ''pāmvių heirų šut'' “three years before"
+| ago || '''nęltių heirų flut''' four years ago
+|-
+! <small>Essive</small>
+| for/since || '''nęltią heiręs flut''' for four years
+|-
+! rowspan=2 | natte !! <small>Ablative</small>
+| in ... time || '''nęltių heirų natte''' in four years, four years from now
+|-
+! <small>Translative</small>
+| for (a future time), until || '''nęltin heiran natte''' for the coming four years, until four years from now
+|-
+! ānat !! <small>Ablative</small>
+| after || '''nęltių heirų ānat''' after four years
+|-
+! rowspan=2 | šut !! <small>Ablative</small>
+| before || '''nęltių heirų šut''' four years before
+|-
+! rowspan=2 | nīsь !! <small>Essive (both nouns)</small>
+| between; from ... until || '''šurājęs nyūramięs nīsь''' between Šurājah and Nyūramiah
+|}
-=== Adverbs of time ===
+Qualifying verbs or adverbs usually used with time expressions:
+* ''lalla'' "coming, next"
+** ''pimfliven'' (verb ''pimflulke'') "coming, next" (rare)
+* ''biselīsa'' (verb ''bisflulke'') "past, last, previous"
+* ''yaiva'' "every"
+** Formal usage prescribes ''yaiva'' to be inflected with the needed case, but in practice this is rarely done, so that e.g. ''yaive šurāje'' and ''yaiva šurāje'' "every Šurājah" are interchangeable.
+* <small>TIME</small> + <small>ADVERBIAL NUM.</small> "once/twice/thrice per month/day...", e.g. ''āsene danihæl'' "twice a month"<ref>Note that ''āsena'' alone always refers to the solar month. Chlouvānem people rarely use lunar months as reference points, only lunar phases.</ref>
+===Adverbs of time===
 * '''ṣubhāveṣi''' "soon" (formal)
 * '''halše''' "soon" (more colloquial)