Contionary:ⲁⲃⲁϩ

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Maryan Coptic

Etymology

Inherited from Hebrew עבד (avad).

  • Estimated pronunciation evolution:
    • (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 B.C.E.) IPA: /ʕaˈbaʕ/
    • (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 B.C.E.) IPA: /ʕaˈbaʕ/
    • (Medio-Late Egyptian, c. 1350 B.C.E.) IPA: /ʕaˈbaʕ/
    • (Late Egyptian, c. 800 B.C.E.) IPA: /ʕaˈβaʕ/
    • (Early Demotic, c. 450 B.C.E.) IPA: /ʕaˈβaʕ/
    • (Late Demotic / Old Maryan, c. 100 B.C.E.) IPA: /ʕaˈβaħ[1]/

Pronunciation

  • (Central) IPA: /aˈβah/, [äˈβäh]
  • (Nahlic) IPA: [æ̈ˈvæç]
  • (Cholevic) IPA: [ɐˈβɐh]
  • (Thebian) IPA: [aˈβaħ]

Verb

ⲁⲃⲁϩ (abah) int.

  1. to work, to function
    ⲙⲏ ⲉⲕⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲧⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ?
    Me ekime ce entefabah?
    Do you know if it's working?

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲁⲃⲁϩ 
infinitive ⲉ̀ⲁⲃⲁϩ negative infinitive ⲉ̀ϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ
imperative ⲁⲃⲁϩ negative imperative ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲣⲁⲃⲁϩ
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
masculine feminine masculine feminine
Durative sentences
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
present simple present ϯⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲧⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲥⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ
circumstantial ⲉⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⳕⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⳕⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⳕⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⳕⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
preterite ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
relative ⲉϯⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
future simple future ϯⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ
circumstantial ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⳕⲭⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⳕⲕⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⳕⲥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⳕⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ
preterite ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ
conditional ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ
relative ⲉϯⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲩⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ
Non-durative sentences
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
past affirmative ⲁⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
negative ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
affirmative preterite ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲁϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ
negative preterite ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
relative ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
aorist affirmative ϣⲁⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
negative ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
optative affirmative ⲉⲓⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲕⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉϥⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲥⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲩⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ
negative ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲛⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲛⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
jussive,
causative
jussive ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲙⲁⲣⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
affirmative causative ⲑⲣⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲑⲣⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲑⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲑⲣⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲑⲣⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲑⲣⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲑⲣⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲑⲣⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
negative causative ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
Subordinate clause
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
conditional affirmative ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ
negative ⲁⲓϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ
conjunctive affirmative ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
negative ⲉⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲛⲧⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲃⲁϩ
limitative,
expectative
limitative ϣⲁϯⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲧⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ϣⲁⲧⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
expectative ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁϩ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲩⲁⲃⲁϩ
  1. ^ Irregular sound change: /ʕ/ > /ħ/