Dãterške

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Danterske
Дантэршкэ
Progress: 95%
Type
Agglutinative
Alignment
Ergative-absolutive
Head direction
Initial Mixed Final
Primary word order
Subject-object-verb
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
1
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect
Danterske
Дантэршкэ
Дантэрскэ атӕжӀұец
Pronunciation[/t̬antʰɛrʃkʰɛ/
/t̬antʰɛrskʰɛ atʰəʒd͡ʒyjet͡n̥/]
Created byElliott Wheeler
Language codes
ISO 639-3dle

Dãterške (Дантэршкэ, Дантэрскэ атӕжӀұец) is a language created by Elliott Wheeler originally desiğned to suit the needs of the scientific community. Due to several drastic changes during the course of its development, the language is loosely based off of Proto-Altaic, various Slavic languages, and her native idiolect of English, but is ultimately a priori.


Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Letter IPA Sound Letter Name IPA Letter Name Scientific
Latin transliteration
Ӏ /◌ʼ/ пӀ'алєчһа /pʼʡalot͡ʃħa/
' /ʡ/~[ʔ] нруцӕфих пӀ'алєчһа /nrut͡n̥əfɪx pʼʡalot͡ʃħa/ ʔ '
і /ʲi/ пӀ'алєчһих і /pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx iː/ Ì ì
а /a/ а /a/ A a
ӑ /ʕ/ нруцӕфих ӑа /nrut͡n̥əfɪx ʕa/ Ă ă (ʕ ʿ)
я /ʲɒ/ я /ɒ/ Â â
ә /æ/ ә /æ/ Æ æ
ӕ /ə/ ӕ /ə/ Ä ä (Ə ə)
э /ɛ/ э /ɛ/ E e
ӭ /ɘ/ ӭ' or птрђих ӭ /ɘʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ɘ/ Ë ë
ө /ɞ/ ө /ɞ/ Œ œ
є /ʲo/ є /o/ Ĕ ĕ
е /ʲe/ е /e/ Ê ê
ё [ʲɵ]~/ʲø/ ё' or птрђих ё /øʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ø/ È è
и /ɪ/ и /ɪ/ I ı
ӥ /i/ ӥ' or птрђих ӥ // or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx i/ Î î
й /j/ нруцӕфих йи /nrut͡n̥əfɪx jɪ/ Ĭ ĭ (J j)
о /ʌ/ о /ʌ/ O o
ӧ /ɤ/ ӧ' or птрђих ӧ /ɤʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ɤ/ Ö ö
у /u/ у /u/ U u
ў /w/ нруцӕфих ўу /nrut͡n̥əfɪx wu/ Ŭ ŭ (W w)
ұ /y/ ұ or пӀ'алєчһих ұ /y/ or /pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx y/ Ù ù
ю /ʲɯ/ ю /ɯ/ Û û
ы /ɨ/ ы /ɨ/ Y y
ӹ /ʉ/ ӹ' or птрђих ӹ /ʉʡ/ or /pʰtʰr̩c̬ɪx ʉ/ Ÿ ÿ
м /ɱ/ эм /ɛɱ/ M m
н /n/ эн /ɛn/ N n
ң /◌̃/ р'ьәњӕы эң or пӀ'алєчһих эң /rʡʲæɲəɨ ɛ̃/ or /pʼʡalot͡ʃħɪx ɛ̃/ Ņ ņ
ц /t͡n̥/~[θ] цэ /t͡n̥ɛ/ C c
њ /ɲ/ њэ /ɲɛ/ N̂ n̂ (Ñ ñ)
б /p̬/~[b̪] эб /ɛp̬/ B b
п /pʰ/ пэ /p̪ʰɛ/ P p
д /t̬/~[d̟] эд /ɛt̬/ D d
т /tʰ/~[t̟ʰ] тэ /tʰɛ/ T t
џ /d͡ʒ/ эџ /ɛd͡ʒ/ D̂ d̂
ч /t͡ʃ/ чэ /t͡ʃɛ/ Č č
ђ /c̬/~[ɟ] эђ /ɛc̬/ Đ đ
ћ /cʰ/ эћ /cʰɛ/ Ć ć
ӵ /c͡ç/ ӵэ /c͡çɛ/ C̈ c̈
г /k̬/~[g] эг /ɛk̬/ G g
к /kʰ/ кэ /kʰɛ/ K k
ҝ /q͡χ/ ҝэ /q͡χɛ/ Q q
в /v/ ве /vʲe/ V v
ф /f/ еф /ef/ F f
з /z/ зе /z̟ʲe/ Z z
с /s/ ес /es̟/ S s
ԇ /sˤ/~[z̥] ԇөд /sˤɞt̬/ Sz sz
ж /ʒ/ же /ʒʲe/ Ž ž
ш /ʃ/ еш // Š š
җ /ʝ/ җе /ʝe/ Ẑ ẑ
щ /ç/ ещ // Ŝ ŝ
ғ /ɣ/ ғе /ɣʲe/ Ġ ġ
х /x/ ех /ex/ X x
һ /ħ/~[h] һе /ħʲe/ H h
р /r/~[ɹ] ер /er/ R r
ь /j/~/◌ʲ/ ьерь or йерь /jerʲ/
ъ /w/~/◌ʷ/ ъеръ or ўеръ /werʷ/
ҍ /ʕ/~/◌ˤ/ ҍерҍ or ӑерҍ /ʕerˤ/
л /l/~[ɮ] ел /el/ L l
љ /ʎ/ љер /ʎer/ L̂ l̂ (Ł ł)

Consonants

Danterške consonant phonemes
Labiodental Denti-alveolar Palato-alveolar Palatal Velar Pharyngeal/Uvelar
plain 2 artic.
Nasal ɱ (м) n (н) t͡n̥~θ (ц) ɲ (њ)
Plosive aspirated (п) (т) (ћ) (к) ʡ (')
lenis (б) (д) (ђ) (г)
ejective (пӀ) (тӀ) t͡ʃʼ (чӀ) (ћӀ) (кӀ) (ҝӀ)
Affricate voiceless p͡f (пф) t͡s (тс) t͡ʃ (ч) c͡ç (ӵ) q͡χ~k͡xʷ (ҝ)
ʃt͡ʃ (щӀ)
voiced b͡v (бв) d͡z (дз) d͡ʒ (џ)
ʒd͡ʒ (җӀ)
nasal release t̃ʰ (тң) t͡ʃ̃ⁿ (чң) c̃ʰ (ћң) g̊ⁿ (кң,гң)
dⁿ~nˑ (дң) d͡ʒ̃ⁿ (џң) ɟⁿ~ɲˑ (ђң)
Fricative voiceless f (ф) s[note 1] (с) sˤ~z̥[note 1] (ԇ) ʃ (ш) ç (щ) x (х) ħ (һ)
voiced v (в) z[note 1] (з) (зь) ʒ (ж) ʝ (җ) ɣ (ғ)
nasalized (фң) (сң) s̃ˤ (ԇң) ʃ̃ (шң) ç̃ (щң) (хң)
(вң) (зң) ʒ̃ (жң)
Approximant r~ɹ (р) (рң) (рь) j (ь,й) w (ъ,ў) ʕ (ҍ,ӑ)
Lateral oral l~ɮ (л) ʎ (љ)
nasalized (лң) ʎ̃ (љң)
  1. ^ a b c Denti-alveolar consonants, nor any fricatives, are never sibilants.

Vowels

Dãterške vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close oral i (ӥ) ʲi(ː) (і) y (ұ) ɨ (ы) ʉ (ӹ) u (у)
nasal ĩ (ің/ӥң) (ұң) ɨ̃ (ың) ʉ̃ (ӹң) ũ (уң)
Near-close oral ɪ (и) ʲɯ (ю)
nasal ɪ̃ (иң) ɯ̃ (юң)
Close-mid oral ʲe (е) ɘ (ӭ) ʲɵ~ʲø (ё) ɤ (ӧ)
nasal (ең) ɘ̃ (ӭң) ɵ̃~ø̃ (ёң) ɤ̃ (ӧң)
Mid oral ə (ӕ) ʲo (є)
nasal ə̃ (ӕң) õ (єң)
Open-mid oral ɛ (э) ɞ (ө) ʌ (о)
nasal ɛ̃ (эң) ɞ̃ (өң) ʌ̃ (оң)
Near-open oral æ (ә)
nasal æ̃ (әң)
Open oral a (а) ʲɒ (я)
nasal ã (аң) ɒ̃ (яң)

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Phonotactics

Syllable Structure: (W/N)C6(W)2(V/-P)2(W)2(C)4(W/N)
Where:

  • C = Consonant
  • N = Nasal consonant
  • P = Syllabic consonant
  • V = Vowel
  • W = Semivowel
  1. /r/, /rʲ/, /r̃/ cannot immediately follow a Palato-alveolar consonant.
  2. Unstressed /ʲi/, /ʲe/, /ʲø/, /ʲɒ/, /ʲo/, /ʲɯ/ cannot preceed liquids and will become lengthened /ː/.
  3. Adjacent consonants with multiple similar features may merge (their Places of Articulation).
  4. Lenis Stops are not released syllable-finally or preceeding other Stops.
  5. Complex consonant clusters with non-plosives >C6 become syllabic.
  6. /j/, /w/, /ʕ/, /r/, /rʲ/, /r̃/, /l/, /ʎ/, /l̃/, /ʎ̃/, /ʡ/ become devoiced after Aspirated Stops and assimilate with the plosive.

Morphophonology

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources