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Dundulanyä: Difference between revisions
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The consonant inventory is more complex, with a pattern of “soft” and “hard” consonants traditionally recognized by classical Dundulanyä grammarians, not on a phonetic basis but starting from their relationship inside Dundulanyä morphology. In most cases, the difference is based on aspiration. | The consonant inventory is more complex, with a pattern of “soft” and “hard” consonants traditionally recognized by classical Dundulanyä grammarians, not on a phonetic basis but starting from their relationship inside Dundulanyä morphology. In most cases, the difference is based on aspiration. | ||
Dundulanyä has, among many points of articulations, a series of linguolabial consonants, which are common in its geographical area (in most of northern and central Lūsaṃrīte) but are otherwise extremely rare on Eventoa. | |||
{| class="redtable lightredbg" align="center" style="text-align: center;" | | {| class="redtable lightredbg" align="center" style="text-align: center;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | → PoA <br/> ↓ Manner !! colspan=2 | Labials !! colspan=2 | Dentals !! colspan=2 | Retroflexes !! colspan=2 | Palatals !! colspan=2 | Velars !! colspan=2 | Laryngeals | ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | → PoA <br/> ↓ Manner !! colspan=2 | Labials !! colspan=2 | Linguolabials !! colspan=2 | Dentals !! colspan=2 | Retroflexes !! colspan=2 | Palatals !! colspan=2 | Velars !! colspan=2 | Laryngeals | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> !! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> !! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> !! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> !! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> !! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> | ! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> !! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> !! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> !! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> !! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> !! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> !! <small>Soft</small> !! <small>Hard</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Nasals | ! colspan=2 | Nasals | ||
| colspan=2 | {{IPA|m}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|n}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ɳ}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ɲ}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ŋ}}<sup>1</sup> || colspan=2 | | | colspan=2 | {{IPA|m}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|n̼}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|n}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ɳ}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ɲ}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ŋ}}<sup>1</sup> || colspan=2 | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Stops !! <small>Unvoiced</small> | ! rowspan=2 | Stops !! <small>Unvoiced</small> | ||
| {{IPA|p}} || <small>''{{IPA|pʰ}}''</small><sup>2</sup> || {{IPA|t̪}} || {{IPA|t̪ʰ}} || {{IPA|ʈ}} || {{IPA|ʈʰ}} || {{IPA|c͡ɕ}} || {{IPA|c͡ɕʰ}} || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|kʰ}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ʔ}} | | {{IPA|p}} || <small>''{{IPA|pʰ}}''</small><sup>2</sup> || {{IPA|t̼}} || {{IPA|t̼ʰ}} || {{IPA|t̪}} || {{IPA|t̪ʰ}} || {{IPA|ʈ}} || {{IPA|ʈʰ}} || {{IPA|c͡ɕ}} || {{IPA|c͡ɕʰ}} || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|kʰ}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ʔ}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>Voiced</small> | ! <small>Voiced</small> | ||
| {{IPA|b}} || {{IPA|bʱ}} || {{IPA|d̪}} || {{IPA|d̪ʱ}} || {{IPA|ɖ}}<sup>3</sup> || {{IPA|ɖʱ}}<sup>3</sup> || {{IPA|ɟ͡ʑ}} || {{IPA|ɟ͡ʑʱ}} || rowspan=2 | {{IPA|ɡ~ɣ}} || {{IPA|ɡʱ}} || colspan=2 | | | {{IPA|b}} || {{IPA|bʱ}} || {{IPA|d̼}} || {{IPA|d̼ʱ}} || {{IPA|d̪}} || {{IPA|d̪ʱ}} || {{IPA|ɖ}}<sup>3</sup> || {{IPA|ɖʱ}}<sup>3</sup> || {{IPA|ɟ͡ʑ}} || {{IPA|ɟ͡ʑʱ}} || rowspan=2 | {{IPA|ɡ~ɣ}} || {{IPA|ɡʱ}} || colspan=2 | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Fricatives | ! colspan=2 | Fricatives | ||
| colspan=2 | {{IPA|ɸ~f}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|s}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ʂ}} || colspan=2 |{{IPA|ɕ}} || || rowspan=2 | {{IPA|ɦ}} || {{IPA|ħ}} | | colspan=2 | {{IPA|ɸ~f}} || colspan=2 | || colspan=2 | {{IPA|s}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ʂ}} || colspan=2 |{{IPA|ɕ}} || || rowspan=2 | {{IPA|ɦ}} || {{IPA|ħ}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Approximants | ! colspan=2 | Approximants | ||
| colspan=2 | {{IPA|ʋ}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|l}} || colspan=2 | || colspan=2 | {{IPA|j}} || colspan=2 | || {{IPA|ʀ}} | | colspan=2 | {{IPA|ʋ}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|ɹ̼}} || colspan=2 | {{IPA|l}} || colspan=2 | || colspan=2 | {{IPA|j}} || colspan=2 | || {{IPA|ʀ}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
Table notes: | Table notes: | ||