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Evonish: Difference between revisions
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'''Evonish''' is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic languages]] of the Evonen language branch. It is based on [[w:General American pronunciation|General American phonology]] and uses grammar that descends directly, but far from Common Germanic. The wordstock has many influences of [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]] and [[a priori]] conlangs. Despite this, the alphabet is a modified Latin one. The elder form is the runic Middle Evonish, which was less organized but had featured greater [[w:morphology|morphology]]. The two languages split on 25 May 2012 and will differentiate more over time. The objective of Evonish is to preserve old features of Germanic, preserve Celtic vocabulary, as well as eliminate any need for interpretation by context. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 860px; " | ||
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "| | ! scope="col" style="width: 66px; "| | ||
! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial | ! scope="col" style="width: 66px; text-align: center; "|Bilabial | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; " | ||
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "| | ! scope="col" style="width: 90px; "| | ||
! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front | ! scope="col" style="width: 90px; text-align: center; "|Front | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===Rhotic=== | ===Rhotic=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 860px; " | ||
!R vowels | !R vowels | ||
!IPA | !IPA | ||
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==Pronouns== | ==Pronouns== | ||
Personal pronouns feature a combination of the Germanic, h-stem, i-stem, and s-stem in third person. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD]. | Personal pronouns feature a combination of the Germanic, h-stem, i-stem, and s-stem in third person. The sole relative pronoun is [TBD]. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; " | ||
! scope="row"|Person | ! scope="row"|Person | ||
! scope="col"|# / Gender | ! scope="col"|# / Gender | ||
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==Determiners== | ==Determiners== | ||
The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. | The negative article is understood as indefinite; there is no negative definite article so the verb of the sentence is negated instead. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; " | ||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners | ! rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Determiners | ||
! colspan="3"|Article | ! colspan="3"|Article | ||
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===Noun=== | ===Noun=== | ||
Nouns in Evonish are declined to indicate their grammatical role in the sentence. Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. Gender is a special factor in Evonish; a word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. For example, a stone in common gender may be an igneous rock while a stone in neuter may be a sedimentary rock. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. | Nouns in Evonish are declined to indicate their grammatical role in the sentence. Their declension depends upon case, gender, and number. Gender is a special factor in Evonish; a word does not determine a gender, rather a selected gender determines a different word. For example, a stone in common gender may be an igneous rock while a stone in neuter may be a sedimentary rock. The plural genitive ending is used in compound words much like kennings. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; " | ||
! colspan="2"|Class I | ! colspan="2"|Class I | ||
!Vocative | !Vocative | ||
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===Verb=== | ===Verb=== | ||
The infinitives of the frequentative aspects are -eln and -ern. The primary aspects are simple(with gnomic), perfect, progressive, habitual, and frequentative. Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context. | The infinitives of the frequentative aspects are -eln and -ern. The primary aspects are simple(with gnomic), perfect, progressive, habitual, and frequentative. Further aspects are formed by nonstandard ways or purely by context. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; " | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Aspects | ! colspan="2" scope="row"|Aspects | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The use of the prefix ne- on any verb's form implies negation. Alternatively add the particle "nict" after the main verb, this is especially useful when a different prefix is already attached to the verb. | The use of the prefix ne- on any verb's form implies negation. Alternatively add the particle "nict" after the main verb, this is especially useful when a different prefix is already attached to the verb. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; " | ||
! colspan="3"|Weak I | ! colspan="3"|Weak I | ||
|- | |- | ||
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===Comparisons=== | ===Comparisons=== | ||
Comparative forms use the particle "ðann" followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. For example: | Comparative forms use the particle "ðann" followed by the noun(s) being compared to. Depending on that noun's case will determine which noun is first making the comparison. For example: | ||
*"He jumped quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I | *"He jumped quicker than '''I'''" would yield "than I <u>jumped</u>" (in this example the compared noun is in the nominative). | ||
*"He jumped quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than | *"He jumped quicker than '''me'''" would yield "than <u>he jumped</u> me" (in this example the compared noun is in the accusative). | ||
===Word Order=== | ===Word Order=== | ||
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====Verb List==== | ====Verb List==== | ||
This is not formatted, I will fix it soon | This is not formatted, I will fix it soon | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
!Verb | !Verb | ||
!English | !English | ||
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[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Germanic]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:A posteriori]] | ||
[[Category:Evonen languages]] | [[Category:Evonen languages]] | ||
[[Category:Evonish]] | [[Category:Evonish]] | ||
[[Category:Improvement]] | [[Category:Improvement]] | ||