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[[category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| name = ''Fásriyya''
| name = ''Fásriyya''
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| notice = IPA
| notice = IPA
}}
}}
'''Fásriyya''' (also ''Faṣriyya'') is an a priori naturalistic artlang, which takes inspiration from, amongst others, Old Japanese, Chinese, the Semitic languages, and Classical Nahuatl.  It is spoken in the world of Avríd (also home to the Aeranid languages, such as Tevrés) by the Fassermen (native ''fásrí’íín'') of the nation of Fasser (native ''fásr'').  It is a member of the Central-Haïdic language family, ultimately descending from Proto-Common-Haïdic.
'''Fásriyya''' (also ''Faṣriyya'') is an a priori naturalistic [[Artistic language|artlang]], which takes inspiration from, amongst others, Old Japanese, Chinese, the Semitic languages, and Classical Nahuatl.  It is spoken in the world of Avríd (also home to the Aeranid languages, such as Tevrés) by the Fassermen (native ''fásri’ī'') of the nation of Fasser (native ''fásr'').  It is a member of the Central-Haïdic language family, ultimately descending from Proto-Common-Haïdic.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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! Close
! Close
| i iː
| i iː
| rowspan="2" | u uː
| rowspan="2" | ɯ ɯː
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Mid
! Mid
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|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Diphthongs
! Diphthongs
| colspan="2" | aj aw
| colspan="2" | aj aɰ
|}
|}


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| b
| b
| d
| d
| ɟ
| dʑ
|
|
|
|
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| s
| s
| ɕ
| ɕ
| x
| colspan="2" | x ~ χ
|
| ħ
| ħ
| h
| h
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| z
| z
|
|
| ɣ
| colspan="2" | ɣ ~ ʁ
|
| ʕ
| ʕ
|
|
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| l
| l
| y
| y
| w
| ɰ
|
|
|
|
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=== Tone ===
=== Tone ===
Fásriyya is a [[w:Tone (linguistics)|tonal language]] with two tone levels, high (H) and low (L), with low being the default tone. Contour tones (i.e. rising or falling tone melodies) are usually analysed as separate tones occurring on adjacent tone bearing units (morae) and thus have no phonemic status.  Tone may be both lexical (an inherent feature of a word) or grammatical.  High tones are marked by use of the acute accent (⟨á⟩, ⟨í⟩, ⟨ú⟩) on short vowels, with low tone unmarked.  Atonal long vowels (long vowels with a simple low tone) are written with a macron (⟨ā⟩, ⟨ē⟩, ⟨ī⟩, ⟨ū⟩), whilst tonal vowels are written doubled, with an acute accent placed on either the first, second, or both vowels where appropriate.
Fásriyya is a [[w:Tone (linguistics)|tonal language]] with two tone levels, high (H) and low (L), with low being the default tone. Contour tones (i.e. rising or falling tone melodies) are usually analysed as separate tones occurring on adjacent tone bearing units (morae) and thus have no phonemic status.  Tone may be both lexical (an inherent feature of a word) or grammatical.  High tones are marked by use of the acute accent (⟨á⟩, ⟨í⟩, ⟨ú⟩) on short vowels, with low tone unmarked.  Atonal long vowels (long vowels with a simple low tone) are written with a macron (⟨ā⟩, ⟨ē⟩, ⟨ī⟩, ⟨ū⟩), whilst tonal vowels are written doubled, with an acute accent placed on the first for falling tone (HL) (⟨áa⟩, ⟨ée⟩, ⟨íi⟩, ⟨úu⟩), on the second for rising tone (LH) (⟨aá⟩, ⟨eé⟩, ⟨ií⟩, ⟨uú⟩), and both for a long high tone (HH or just H) (⟨áá⟩, ⟨éé⟩, ⟨íí⟩, ⟨úú⟩).
{| class="wikitable"  style="margin:autmargin:auto;"
|+caption | Fásriyya tonemes
|-
! Name
! Contour
! example
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''toneless''
| style="text-align:center;" | L
| ''bakuš'' (/bàkùʃ/) 'they drink'
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''high''
| style="text-align:center;" | H
| ''fásr'' (/fásr/) 'Fasser'
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''rising''
| style="text-align:center;" | LH
| ''luddú'' (/lùdːú/) 'head (''nom.'')'
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''falling''
| style="text-align:center;" | HL
| ''báskir'' (/báskìr/) 'head'
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''peaking''
| style="text-align:center;" | LHL
| ''baktúru'' (/bàktúrù/) 'they're speaking'
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''broken''
| style="text-align:center;" | LM*
| ''kaãtr'' (/kàā̰tr/) 'speech'
|}
Another tone contour, called the broken tone, may appear on long syllables, as an allophone of the peaking tone.  It is written with a tilde over the second vowel (⟨aã⟩, ⟨eẽ⟩, ⟨iĩ⟩, ⟨uũ⟩).  It is realised as a contour from low to mid pitch, with creaky voice manifesting towards the end.  See more bellow.
 
==== Lexical tone ====
 
Lexical tone is a feature of Fásriyya's triconsonantal root system, with each root carrying one of the five tone melodies.  For example, the root of the word '''''báskiru''''' ('it blooms') is not simple ''s-k-r'', but rather '''''s-k-r HL''''', with a high-low tone melody.  These melodies play themselves across any words derived from their associated stems, that is, all words derived from '''''s-k-r HL''''' carry the same tone melody.  Due to the fact that different vocalisations have different numbers of vowels, these lexical tone melodies manifest differently depending on the number of morae (a short vowel is one mora, a long vowel is two) present.
{| class="wikitable"  style="margin:autmargin:auto;"
|+caption | Tone manifestation
|-
! Toneme
! one-mora
! two-morae
! three-morae
! four-morae
! five-morae
|- style="text-align:center;"
| ''toneless''
| L<br>''ka’n'' (/kàʔn/)
| LL<br>''bak’un'' (/bàkʔùn/)
| LLL<br>''bak’unu'' (/bàkʔùnù/)
| LLLL<br>''kā’inu'' (/kààʔìnù/)
| LLLLL<br>''kā’inīn'' (/kààʔìnììn/)
|- style="text-align:center;"
| ''high''
| H<br>''fásr'' (/fásr/)
| HH<br>''fásrú'' (/fásrú/)
| HHH<br>''báfássír'' (/báfásːír/)
| HHHH<br>''báfássírú'' (/báfásːírú/)
| HHHHH<br>''táfássíríín'' (/táfásːíríín/)
|- style="text-align:center;"
| ''rising''
| LH*<br>''ḡaábd'' (/ɣǎˑbd/)
| LH<br>''ḡabdú'' (/ɣàbdú/)
| LHH<br>''ḡabádá'' (/ɣàbádá/)
| LHHH<br>''baḡáábád'' (/bàɣáːbád/)
| LHHHH<br>''baḡáábádú'' (/bàɣáːbádú/)
|- style="text-align:center;"
| ''falling''
| HL*<br>''sáakr'' (/sâˑkr/)
| HL<br>''sákru'' (/sákrù/)
| HLL<br>''sákira'' (/sákìrà/)
| HLLL<br>''ískīra'' (/ískìːrà/)
| HLLLL<br>''sáakirīn'' (/sâːkìrìːn/)
|- style="text-align:center;"
| ''peaking''
| LM*<br>''kaãtr'' (/ka̰᷄ˑtr/)
| LHL*<br>''kaátru'' (/kǎˑrù/)
| LHL<br>''katára'' (/kàtárà/)
| LHHL<br>''bakáátir'' (/bàtáːtìr/)
| LHHHL<br>''bakáátíru'' (/bàtáːtírù/)
|}
==== Tone sandhi ====
 
== Nouns ==
=== Case ===
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Dual
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! Absolute
! Construct
! Pausal
! Absolute
! Construct
! Pausal
! Absolute
! Construct
! Pausal
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | Regular<br>common
! Nominative
| rowspan="3" | ''-Ø̂''
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" | ''-Ø''
| ''-ān''
| rowspan="6" colspan="2" | ''-áa''
| ''-ūn''
| colspan="2" | ''-úu''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| rowspan="2" | ''-ayn''
| rowspan="2" | ''-īn''
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ''-íi''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Oblique
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | Tonal<br>defective
! Nominative
| ''-û''
| ''-u''
| rowspan="9" | ''-Ø''
| ''-ān''
| ''-ūn''
| colspan="2" | ''-úu''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| ''-â''
| ''-a''
| rowspan="2" | ''-ayn''
| rowspan="2" | ''-īn''
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ''-íi''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Oblique
| rowspan="3" | ''-î''
| rowspan="3" | ''-i''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | Y-<br>irregular
! Nominative
| ''-yān''
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" | ''-yáa''
| ''-yūn''
| colspan="2" | ''-yúu''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| rowspan="2" | ''-yayn''
| rowspan="2" | ''-īn''
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ''-íi''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Oblique
| ''-íi''
| ''-ī''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | W-<br>irregular
! Nominative
| ''-úu''
| ''-ū''
| ''-wān''
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" | ''-wáa''
| ''-ūn''
| colspan="2" | ''-úu''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| rowspan="2" | ''-û''
| rowspan="2" | ''-u''
| rowspan="2" | ''-wayn''
| rowspan="2" | ''-wīn''
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ''-wíi''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Oblique
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | N-<br>abstract
! Nominative
| rowspan="3" | ''-ân''
| rowspan="3" | ''-an''
| rowspan="3" | ''-â''
| ''-ānan''
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" | ''-áana''
| rowspan="3" | ''-áan''
| rowspan="3" | ''-ān''
| rowspan="3" | ''-áa''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| rowspan="2" | ''-ānayn''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Oblique
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | Pronoun<br>declension
! Nominative
| rowspan="3" | ''—''
| colspan="2" | ''-uk''
| rowspan="3" | ''—''
| rowspan="3" colspan="2" | ''-áak''
| rowspan="3" | ''—''
| colspan="2" | ''-úuk''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| colspan="2" | ''-ak''
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ''-íik''
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Oblique
| colspan="2" | ''-ik''
|}
==== Oblique ====
The genitive case can be used as an atelic object, as opposed to the accusative, which denotes a telic object.
 
=== Prepositions ===
Prepositions can be classified into two groups; conjugating and non-conjugating.  This may be somewhat a misnomer, as even non-conjugating prepositions may take suffix conjugation when they are used with a personal pronoun, but this is not considered true conjugation.  Conjugating pronouns conjugate to match the main subject of a sentence.
 
{| class="wikitable"  style="display: inline-table;"
|- style="text-align: center"
! Focus
| <code>FOC</code>
| ''báa''
| ''wanū''
| style="text-align: left" | Indicates new, non-derivable, or contrastive information.
|- style="text-align: center"
! Complementiser
| <code>C</code>
| ''tâ''
| ''táwā''
| style="text-align: left" | Is used to turn a clause into the subject or object of a sentence.
|}


==== Root tone ====
:{{interlinear | box=yes
| báá-tíínú z-’Adíníí mayha’ mátliba yūšu
| FOC<nowiki>=</nowiki>tea-NOM GEN<nowiki>=</nowiki>S'entin-OBL want.PRS.INF drink.PRS.INF-3.NAN ERG-1SG
| 'Its the S'entigneis tea I want to drink'}}


Lexical tone is a feature of Fásriyya's triconsonantal root system, with each root carrying one of the five tone melodies. For example, the root of the word '''''báskiru''''' ('it blooms') is not simple ''s-k-r'', but rather '''''s-k-r HL''''', with a high-low tone melody.  These melodies play themselves across any words derived from their associated stems.
:{{interlinear | box=yes
| ya‘uf táa yayāhu’u mátliba tiíná z-’Adíní
| 3.AN-say.PRT CL-3.AN 3.AN-want.PRS drink.PRS.INF-3.NAN tea-ACC GEN<nowiki>=</nowiki>S'entin
| 'They said they want to drink S'entigneis tea'}}
 
{| class="wikitable"  style="display: inline-table;"
|- style="text-align: center"
! Dative
| <code>Dat</code>
| ''daá’í''
| style="text-align: left" | Indicates the recipient of an action, or the person or thing affected by the action.
|- style="text-align: center"
! Allative
| <code>ALL</code>
| ''qū’i''
| style="text-align: left" | Indicates the direction towards which action or movement occurs.
|- style="text-align: center"
! Genitive
| <code>GEN</code>
| ''ǎz''
| style="text-align: left" | Indicates possession, affiliation, or association.
|}


== Verbs ==
== Verbs ==
=== Tense===
There are three primary tense distinctions made in Fásriyya verbs; these being the past, present, and future.  In addition to this, the past tense also distinguishes between the perfective and imperfective aspects, creating the preterite and imperfect tenses respectively.
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"
|+Form I Tenses
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | ''k-’-n (L)'' ('to see')
|-
! colspan="3" | Inflection
! rowspan="2" | Meaning
|-
! Conclusive
! Participle
! Infinitive
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Present
| '''''bakā’un'''''<br>baCāCuC
| '''''mak’ūn'''''<br>maCCūC
| '''''mak’an'''''<br>maCCaC
| 'they see, they are seeing'
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Imperfect
| '''''bak’anu'''''<br>baCCaCu
| '''''kā’in'''''<br>CāCiC
| '''''kā’an'''''<br>CāCaC
| 'they were seeing'
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Preterite
| '''''bak’an'''''<br>baCCaC
| '''''ka’n'''''<br>CaCC
| '''''ka’an'''''<br>CaCaC
| 'they saw'
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Future
| '''''bak’ana'''''<br>baCCaCa
| '''''sak’úún'''''<br>saCCūC (LH)
| '''''sak’án'''''<br>saCCaC (LH)
| 'they will see'
|}
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