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''"An bhé chuc cún dhér dó gil me dí. Och tel lé gérul del ténan me dí, lú chí lú ba lú lé bhoc del lór me dí cór tol. En gar dí me gon."''-Lúdhí Fén Ógil Níradh.
{{Featured
|featured banner= Bhé bhél bér cór ghír ítá. Bhé fhémoc bér me ló cór ít pon éloc té bér dhén na bélim na lú dhír cór ghír ítá.}}
 
 
''"An bhé chuc cún dhér dó gil me dí. Och tel lé gérul del ténan me dí, lú chím lú ba lú lé bhoc del lór me dí cór tol. En gar dí me gon."''-Lúdhí Fén Ógil Níradh.


"We take from Iron it's rightful prize. And if we sail to the wide world's end, all know that we'll return from the depths a thousand times. Death cannot keep us."-Old Fén War Song.     
"We take from Iron it's rightful prize. And if we sail to the wide world's end, all know that we'll return from the depths a thousand times. Death cannot keep us."-Old Fén War Song.     
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This is my first attempt at a conlang, originally conceived as a part of a larger game that never took off. It is the only language from the game that reached anything nearing completion. Inspiration and influence were drawn both from my earliest impression of Irish while falling back on my stronger knowledge of English and French. The grammar was largely completed before I had much experience with linguistic theory or the conlanging community, thus while functional it may be somewhat backwards at times and occaisionally lacks for easy terms to descripe itself.
This is my first attempt at a conlang, originally conceived as a part of a larger game that never took off. It is the only language from the game that reached anything nearing completion. Inspiration and influence were drawn both from my earliest impression of Irish while falling back on my stronger knowledge of English and French. The grammar was largely completed before I had much experience with linguistic theory or the conlanging community, thus while functional it may be somewhat backwards at times and occaisionally lacks for easy terms to descripe itself.


===General Information===
===General information===


The language is designed for a conworld and as such aims to be as unique as possible. However as both an early conlang and due to initial worries for aesthetic features as well as content it draws heavily on a few sources;
The language is designed for a conworld and as such aims to be as unique as possible. However as both an early conlang and due to initial worries for aesthetic features as well as content it draws heavily on a few sources;


Irish Gaelic served as the largest inspiration, more obviously in regards to grammatical lentition, Head first and phonology in general. English and French are heavy influences as well due to my stronger knowledge of them.
Irish Gaelic served as the largest inspiration, more obviously in regards to grammatical lenition, Head first and phonology in general. English and French are heavy influences as well due to my stronger knowledge of them.


Some aspects are new, largely aiming towards simplification while remaining unique; the isolating aspect, copula and relative clauses are unique to the language and derived from my desire to keep things as simple and categorical as possible.
Some aspects are new, largely aiming towards simplification while remaining unique; the isolating aspect, copula and relative clauses are unique to the language and derived from my desire to keep things as simple and categorical as possible.
Line 47: Line 51:
Morphemes originally were derived by mixing French, Irish and English words beyond the point of recognition. This was later largely supplanted both with the use of randomized generators and compounds and other mutations derived from these morphemes.
Morphemes originally were derived by mixing French, Irish and English words beyond the point of recognition. This was later largely supplanted both with the use of randomized generators and compounds and other mutations derived from these morphemes.


===Fén History===
===Fén history===


Derived from the Galav culture which spread far during the early iron age. The Fén came about as the Galav spread over what would come to be known as Nílíra or the Fén Highlands and eventually spread over the rest of the penisula. The Fén are the only remaining people of the Galav culture that retain complete cultural independance under a High King. They are in turn divided into six petty kingdoms and the northern island colonies, with four major cultural sub-groups and dialects. Culturally, they are adopting the style of their imperial neighbours and loan words along with it.
Derived from the Galav culture which spread far during the early iron age. The Fén came about as the Galav spread over what would come to be known as Nílíra or the Fén Highlands and eventually spread over the rest of the penisula. The Fén are the only remaining people of the Galav culture that retain complete cultural independance under a High King. They are in turn divided into six petty kingdoms and the northern island colonies, with four major cultural sub-groups and dialects. Culturally, they are adopting the style of their imperial neighbours and loan words along with it.


===To Do===
===To do===
''''Té dégep me gír cur tol fabhen pon éloc léc cíp dó dégep ghír.''''
"''Té dégep me gír cur tol fabhen pon éloc léc cíp dó dégep ghír.''"
 
"Language is always expanding to meet the needs of an expanding language."


''Language is always expanding to meet the needs of an expanding language.''
Current Issues:


Examine and consider Determiners, particularly Relative Determiners.
*What purpose does accusative serve directly? Having been influenced heavily by Irish, Fén uses "cór", "del", "ce" and "dó" in the same way many languages use accusative. Currently in a lot of cases, it either emulates English or could be made into an adjective in many ways. It may be necessary to expand the case or else examine what uses remain for it.


Word Order explaination is still lacking. Currently, it is overly complicated when in truth it is fairly simple and the language itself is fairly flexible with word order if one is willing to be daring.
*Could there be issues if Perfective is lost?


VSO seems simpler than VOS at times and VOS can lead to redundancy.
*Can Nér be removed in favour of Del? Hit against you v. Hit to you. Counter Example: "Race to the store against me", could this be worked around [or just the ambiguity of "Run to him" v. "Run against him"]
 
Also, vocabularly. Always more vocabularly.


Also, vocabularly. Always more vocabularly. 
       
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
The following is a rough approximation of Címén Ghír, or "Sacred Fayn" which is used taught and used as a neutral dialect amongst the educated classes;
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
The following is a rough approximation of Címén Fhén, or "Sacred Fayn" which is used taught and used as a neutral dialect amongst the educated classes;


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
|+Consonants
! colspan="1"|
! colspan="1"|
!Labial
!Labial
Line 126: Line 134:
|}
|}


===Vowels===


===Vowels===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
|+Vowels
! width="28%"|
! width="28%"|
! width="36%"|Front
! width="36%"|Front
Line 151: Line 160:
!Open
!Open
|a a:
|a a:
|ɑ
|ɑ ɑ:
|}
|}


===Fén Alphabet===
===Alphabet===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:400px;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:400px;"
|+Fén Alphabet
! width="100"|Letter
! width="100"|Consonants
! width="100"|Consonants
! width="100"|Lenition
! width="100"|Lenition
Line 162: Line 173:
|-
|-
|b
|b
|w
|/b/
|/w/
|v at the end of the word and before i&e.
|v at the end of the word and before i&e.
|-
|-
|c
|c
|x
|/k/
|s before i&e.
|/x/
|/s/ before i&e.
|-
|-
|d
|d
|ʒ
|/d/
|/ʒ/
|
|
|-
|-
|f
|f
|/f/
|(silent)
|(silent)
|
|
|-
|-
|g
|g
|ɣ
|/g/
|/ɣ/
|
|
|-
|-
|l
|l
|l
|/l/
| -
|
|
|-
|-
|m
|m
|w
|/m/
|/w/
|
|
|-
|-
|n
|n
|n
|/n/
| -
|
|
|-
|-
|p
|p
|f
|/p/
|/f/
|
|
|-
|-
|r
|r
|r
|/r/
| -
|
|
|-
|-
|t
|t
|h
|/t/
|/h/
|
|
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
|+ Vowels
! width="100"|Vowel
! width="100"|Vowel
! width="100"|Short
! width="100"|Short
Line 216: Line 241:
!E
!E
|ɛ
|ɛ
|e:
|e
|-
|-
!I
!I
Line 224: Line 249:
!O
!O
|ɑ
|ɑ
|o:
|o
|-
|-
!U
!U
|ʊ
|ʊ
|u:
|u
|}
|}


===Phonotactics===
===Irregularities===


Smallest Syllables Possible, Diaphongs are avoided even in the construction of compound words.
The dialect represented here is the formal version of Fén which is resistant to external sandhi and as the dialect from which the written language is derived, most changes are reflected in spelling. However in the case of root words and compounds, it may be seen that some fronted vowels vowels are shifted before sonorants; i (/ɪ/) becomes í (/i/), e (/ɛ/) becomes é (/e/). In these cases an accent is usually added ignoring etymological rules.


In larger words, the consonant of the root word will be; C-V-C.
This rule is also followed in the case of a and á, which are pronounced as /ɑ/ and /ɑ:/ respectively when prior to a sonorant with "a" indistinguishable from "o". This is the only Sandhi which is not recorded as some dialects offer alternate pronunciations which keep "a" distinguishable from "o".


In some cases shorter additions will consist of a two letter consonants either C-V or sometimes V-C depending on the etymology of the individual word. Single vowel consonants however, do not occur.
===Phonotactics===


Stress usually shifts forward however.
Compounds in Fén are constructed with strict sandhi rules, which reflect the fundamental phonotactic laws of Fén;


==Grammar==
When the initial word ends with a consonant and the second begins with one, the consonant is dropped from the initial word and the consonant in the latter is lenited, if possible.
 
When the initial word ends with a vowel and the second begins with a vowel, the vowel is dropped from the initial word.
 
When the initial word ends with a consonant and the second begins with a vowel, the consonant and vowel become a few consonant.


===Verb and Noun Phrases===
When the initial word ends with a vowel and the second begins with a consonant, the structure remains unchanged.
Fén language branches leftwards on Verb/Noun Phrases. Adjectives, Adverbs and Possessive precede the Verb/Noun.


====Verb Phrase====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:100px;"
|+Merging Sandhi
! width="100"|Temporal Auxiliary verbs
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Initial Word
! width="100"|Adverbs
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Latter Word
! width="100"|Mood Auxiliary verbs
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Final Word
! width="100"|Quantity Adverb
|-
! width="100"|Verb
|CVC
|CVC
|CV(C)-LVC
|-
|V
|V
|(V)V
|-
|CVC
|V
|CV-CV
|-
|V
|CVC
|V-CVC
|}
|}
+Quantity in this case refers to the number of times an action is performed rather than the number of people performing it; "Hit twice" would be used rather than "Hit two times"


Verbs are modified by the adjectives preceding them and since grammatically an adjective can often be used as a noun and vica versa, the noun in a verb phrase has the first possible consonant aspirated and always precedes either a preposition or if it is a part of a list, a subcoupla.
In the above table, C represents a consonant, V a verb and L represents a lenitioned consonant when possible. Finally, bracketed letters are dropped.


Verbs are followed by the Accusative case. In cases where the division is unclear [due to the verb doubling as a temporal adverb for example] is when the preposition "ag" is used to make the Accusative.


====Noun Phrase====
Typical syllabic structure of a Fén word then is;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
! width="100"|Preposition*
! width="100"|Adjective for Gen. Noun
! width="100"|Genative Noun
! width="100"|Genative Preposition
! width="100"|Adjective
! width="100"|Quantity
! width="100"|Noun
! width="100"|Determiner
|}
Nouns work in a manner similar to verbs. A particular quality in nouns is that they are either preceded by a preposition, a relative determiner, a subcoupla or the end of the sentance.


====Lentition====
(V)-(CV)-(CV)-CVC-(V)
If a noun or verb is preceded by number, adjectives or an adverb, then lenition occurs in the first consonant.


Sight->''Cím''
Lenition in these occurs in non-initial [and occaisionally initial] consonants due to historic merging and thus cannot necessarily be predicted.


Dark Sight (A Foreboding Vision)->''Pél '''ch'''ím.''
Exceptions occur rarely due to independant consonant vowels, where CVC-V-CVC structure can occur. This is rare however. Further exceptions may occur due to common endings such as ''én'', ''on'' or ''an'' which serve more as suffixes and thus do not interfere with syllable structure.


Very dark sight-> "Bér pél ''ch''ím"
Similarly, there are exceptions outside of these words, typically amongst words who merged prior Pyrittyl-Galavic split. These are sometimes visible due to a lack of internal lenition, though that may occur for other reasons.


===Copula===
==Grammar==
A Sentence begins with a Copula, this gives the context of whether the sentance is positive, negative or comparative.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
===Pronouns===
! width="30%"|Copula
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
! width="70%"|English
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Pronoun
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Fén
|-
|-
|An
|1st Sing.
|It is that...
|di
|-
|-
|Ach
|2nd Sing.
|Is it that...
|re
|-
|-
|En
|3rd Sing.
|It is not that...
|lo
|-
|-
|Ech
|1st Pl. [excl.]
|Is it not that...
|dí
|-
|-
|In
|1st Pl. [incl.]
|If it is (...), then it is(...)
|rí
|-
|-
|Ich
|2nd Pl.
|Is it that if (...), then (...)
|ré
|-
|-
|On
|3rd Pl.
|If it is (...), then (...) is not.
|ló
|-
|}
|Och
|Is it that if it is (...), then (...) is not.
|}
'An' is often dropped if the speaker feels that the sentences are clearly divided by his tone. Someone speaking fast, with an accent or with a complicated sentence and meaning, will use "An". Writers will use it to create a sense of formality, especially in accounts and reports. Sometimes it will be added in order to emphasize the division or contrast with the between to sentances. In English it might be directly translated as "Yet" or "Though", but it can also be used in a formal list prefacing important items, where "Therefore" or "Thus" could be used.


These serve as basic contrasts and correlatives, In and On are often used to imply causality between two sentances though technically only state the correlation of two clauses. Depending on the truth value of a the first sentance, it can either be a causal "thus" statement or a conditional "if" statment.
===Determiners===


====Subcopula====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
Subcopula are for individual causes of negatives or causal statements within verb or noun phrases that do not affect the truth value of the entire sentance.
! colspan=10 | Fén Determiners
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
! width="30%"|Subcopula
! width="70%"|English
|-
|-
|Na
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Proximal Determiner
|It is that...
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Distal  Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Alternative Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Proximal Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Distal Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Alternative Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Interrogative  Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Relative Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Interrogative Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Relative Determiner (Pl)
|-
|-
|Cha
|Ít
|Is it that...
|Ítá
|Ítin
|Ítibh
|Ítábh
|Ítina
|At
|Ét
|Atibh
|Étibh
|-
|-
|Ne
|This
|It is not that...
|That
|This Other Thing
|These
|Those
|These Other Things
|What?
|Which
|What? (pl)
|Those things which...
|-
|-
|Che
|Ígel
|Is it not that...
|Ígelá
|Ígelin
|Ígelibh
|Ígelábh
|Ígelina
|Agel
|Égal
|Agelibh
|Égalibh
|-
|-
|Ni
|This Person
|If it is (...), then it is(...)
|That Person
|-
|This Other Person
|Chi
|These People
|Is it that if (...), then (...)
|Those People
|These Other People
|Who?
|Who
|Who Are They?
|Those Ones Who...
|-
|-
|No
|Bhoci
|If it is (...), then (...) is not.
|Bhocá
|Bhocin
|Bhocibh
|Bhocábh
|Bhocina
|Abéc
|Ébéci
|Abécibh
|Ébécibh
|-
|-
|Cho
|Now
|Is it that if it is (...), then (...) is not.
|Then
|}
|This Other Time
 
|These Times
===Grammatical Order===
|Those Times
 
|These Other Times
Fén syntax is relatively flexible in principle; each noun phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun. There is a strong sense of natural order in the language, which is as follows;
|When?
 
|When
 
|Which Time?
Using these cases the Fén sentance order becomes;
|Those Times When...
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
|-
! width="100"|Relative Determiner
|Íc
! width="100"|Copula
|Ícá
! width="100"|Verb
|Ícin
! width="100"|Direct Object
|Ícibh
! width="100"|Indirect Object
|Ícábh
! width="100"|Subject
|Ícina
! width="100"|Locative [Clause]
|Acá
! width="100"|Temporal [Clause]
|Écá
! width="100"|Causal [Clause]
|Acábh
! width="100"|Perspective [Clause]
|Écábh
|}
 
 
====Verbal Clauses====
Verbs are given tenses in a fashion similar to English; Have, Is or Go precede the verb in various orders to give it a tense.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
! width="30%"|Tense
! width="25%"|Fén
! width="25%"|English
! width="20%"|Adverb Type
|-
|-
|Present
|Here
|[Verb]
|There
|[Verb]
|This Other Place
|Temporal
|These Places
|-
|Those Places
|Present Progressive
|These other places
|Té [Verb]
|Where?
|[Be] [Verb]ing
|Where
|Temporal
|Which Places?
|Those Places Where...
|-
|-
|Simple Past
|Íloc
|Bhé [Verb]
|Ílocá
|[Verb]ed
|Ílocin
|Temporal
|Ílocábh
|Ílocibh
|Ílocina
|Aloc
|Éloc
|Alocibh
|Élocibh
|-
|-
|Past Progressive
|This Reason
|Bhé Té [Verb]
|That Reason
|Was [Verb]ing
|This Other Reason
|Temporal
|These Reasons
|Those Reasons
|These Other Reasons
|Why?
|The Reason Which
|Why?
|Those Reasons Which...
|-
|-
|Past Perfect Simple
|Íd
|Bhé Bhé [Verb]
|Ídá
|Had [Verb]ed
|Ídin
|Temporal
|Ídábh
|Ídibh
|Ídina
|Ad
|Éd
|Adibh
|Édibh
|-
|-
|Past Perfect Progressive
|This Way
|Bhé Bhé Té [Verb]
|That Way
|Had Been [Verb]ing
|This Other Way
|Temporal
|These Ways
|-
|Those Ways
|Present Perfect Simple
|These Other Ways
|Té Bhé [Verb]
|How?
|Has [Verb]ed
|How
|Temporal
|Which Ways?
|-
|Those Methods Which...
|Persent Perfect Progressive
|}
|Té Bhé Té [Verb]
In Fén, Determiners double as pronouns if the meaning is of them is made clear. relative pronouns precede relative clauses, as in English. ex. "I will give my word to whoever merits it."
|Has Been [Verb]ing
 
|Temporal
The initial determiner or proximal determiner, fills the role of both "this" and sometimes "the" in English, once established in a conversation the proximal determiner sticks and is used in cases even where "that" would be used in English by the other speaker.
 
The distal determiner serves to emphasize a contrast, thus would be used in sentences with a proximal determiner or shortly afterwards in order to posit some sort of relationship between the two or simple emphasize them in contrast to each other.
 
The alternative determiner is used in order to switch the proximal or distal determiner. Where in English this doesn't receive any special emphasis, in Fén the first time the subject which the term "this" refers to in a conversation is changed, an "Alternative Determiner" is used, in order to show as much.
 
''Ígelá'' and ''ígel'' see much less use than the simpler pronouns, such as "lo" but in written word, they might follow in the sentence after a relative pronoun, though ''lo'' in that case is also acceptable and more common. ''Ígel'' may be used in a sense similar to "on" in French or "one" in English.
 
===Quantifying determiners===
 
{| class= "bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
! style="text-align:left" width="125"|Fén Ghír
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|English
|-
|-
|Future Simple
|Tol Med (ba) [Noun]
|Lé [Verb]
|Enough (of)
|Will [Verb]
|Temporal
|-
|-
|Future Perfect Simple
|Tol (ba)[Noun]
|Té Lé [Verb]
|All (of)
|Is Going To [Verb]
|Temporal
|-
|-
|Future Progressive I
|Ró Lú ba [Noun]
|Lé Té [Verb]
|Too Much of
|Will be [Verbing]
|Temporal
|-
|-
|Future Simple II
|Lú (ba) [Noun]
|Lé Bhé [Verb]
|Many/(Much of)
|Will Have [Verb]ed
|Temporal
|-
|-
|Futured Progressive II
|Ra (ba) [Noun]
|Lé Bhé Té [Verb]
|Some (of)
|Will Have Been [Verbing]
|Temporal
|-
|-
|Conditional
|Éna (ba)[Noun]
|Med
|Few (of)
|Would
|Mood
|-
|-
|Subjunctive
|Ró Éna ba [Noun]
|Tel
|Too Few
|May
|Mood
|-
|-
|Obligatory
|Ne Én (ba) [Noun]
|Cún
|None
|Must
|}
|Mood
 
|-
It should be noted that these do not cause a noun to pluralize.
|Passive
 
|Dén
On their own, these give an amount of something that one possesses, when a possessive ''ba'' is inserted then it's a quantity of the total and is used similarly to the difference in English between "A lot" and "A lot of".
|Is [Verbed]ed
|Voice
|}


All adverbs not listed here are categorized as "Other". These adverbs make up the majority and do not describe the Mood, Voice or Time of an object.
There are two import cases that this can precede Cídér and Fabhan.
*If preceding Cídér it is a general statement on how likely something is, literally how much possibility it has. "Éna ba cídér" is "rarely".
*If preceding Fabhan it refers both how long until something occurs and how often something occurs; "(Lé bhé dén dir) Ne Én Fabhan (cur ít)" Means "(This will be done in) No Time" while "''(Bhé dén dir) Ne Én '''ba''' Fabhen (cur ít)'" means "This was never done" or more literally "This is done none of the time".


It shoud also be noted in that Adverbal order is important particularly in terms of mood and voice adverbs;
===Verb and noun phrases===
Fén language branches leftwards on Verb/Noun Phrases. Adjectives, Adverbs and Possessive precede the Verb/Noun.


Where adverbs precede the order of the mood adverb, that mood or voice adverb is affected rather than the verb itself.
====Verb phrase====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:100px;"
|+Verb Branching Order
! width="100"|Temporal Auxiliary verbs
! width="100"|Adverbs
! width="100"|Mood Auxiliary verbs
! width="100"|Quantity Adverb
! width="100"|Verb
|}
+Quantity in this case refers to the number of times an action is performed rather than the number of people performing it; "Hit twice" would be used rather than "Hit two times"


====Vocative Noun Phrase====
Verbs are modified by the adjectives preceding them and since grammatically an adjective can often be used as a noun and vica versa, the noun in a verb phrase has the first possible consonant aspirated and always precedes either a preposition or if it is a part of a list, a subcoupla.


The person who is being addressed usually precedes the rest of the sentance. This is particularly used when addressing to get their attention someone;
Verbs are followed by the Subject [Accusative Noun]. In cases where the division is unclear [due to the verb doubling as a temporal adverb for example] is when the preposition "ag" is used to make the Accusative.


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
====Noun phrase====
|+
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
<!-- Sentence -->
|+Noun Phrase Branching
| colspan="8"| ''Dóthan, bhoc íc.'''
! width="100"|Preposition*
|-
! width="100"|Adjective for Gen. Noun
<!-- Pronunciation-->
! width="100"|Genative Noun
| colspan="8"| /dohan, wɑk ic /
! width="100"|Genative Preposition
|-
! width="100"|Adjective
<!-- Morphemes-->
! width="100"|Quantity
|<small>Dóthan.VOC</small>
! width="100"|Noun
|<small>bhoc</small>
! width="100"|Determiner
|<small>íc</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|Joan
|Come
|Here
| letter.{{sc|n.sg}}
| -{{sc|pat.n.sg}}
|pen.{{sc|m.sg}}
| -{{sc|m.{{blue|ins}}}}
|write/{{sc|ind.dyn.m.sg}}
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| ''Joan, come here.''
|}
|}
Nouns work in a manner similar to verbs. A particular quality in nouns is that they are either preceded by a preposition, a relative determiner, a subcoupla or the end of the sentence.


It may also be worked into the sentance, preceding the subject, re [thou], ré [you] or dé [we]. This is used to clarify or single out a subject;
====Lenition====
If a noun or verb is preceded by number, adjectives or an adverb, then lenition occurs in the first consonant.


Sight->''''Cím''''


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
Dark Sight (A Foreboding Vision)->"''Pél '''ch'''ím.''"
|+
 
<!-- Sentence -->
Very dark sight-> ''''Bér pél '''ch'''ím''"
| colspan="8"| ''Bhoc íc me Dóthan re?'''
 
===Copula===
A Sentence may begin with a Copula, this gives the context of whether the sentence is positive, negative or comparative.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
|+Copula
! width="30%"|Copula
! width="70%"|English
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|An
| colspan="8"| /Wɑk ic mɛ dohan rɛ/
|It is that...
|-
|Ach
|Is it that...
|-
|En
|It is not that...
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|Ech
|<small>Bhoc</small>
|Is it not that...
|<small>íc</small>
|<small>me</small>
|<small>Dóthan</small>
|<small>re</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|In
|<small>Come</small>
|If it is (...), then it is(...)
|<small>Here</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux</small>
|<small>Joan.VOC</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
|Ich
| colspan="8"| ''Come here, Joan.''
|Is it that if (...), then (...)
|}
 
==Nomative Noun Phrase==
 
This is the subject or actor in a sentance. It usually comes around the end of a sentance, unless the location or time of the action is being framed.
 
Nomative nouns are marked with "me".
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "Bhé chím lírod me Dim."
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|On
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lirɑd mɛ dɪm/
|If it is (...), then (...) is not.
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|Och
|<small>bhé</small>
|Is it that if it is (...), then (...) is not.
|<small>cím</small>
|<small>lírod</small>
|<small>me</small>
|<small>Dim</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux</small>
|<small>V\See</small>
|<small>Here</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux</small>
|<small>Jim.VOC</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "Jim saw the ball."
|}
|}
'An' is often dropped if the speaker feels that the sentences are clearly divided by his tone. Someone speaking fast, with an accent or with a complicated sentence and meaning, will use "An". Writers will use it to create a sense of formality, especially in accounts and reports. Sometimes it will be added in order to emphasize the division or contrast with the between to sentences. In English it might be directly translated as "Yet" or "Though", but it can also be used in a formal list prefacing important items, where "Therefore" or "Thus" could be used.


It should be noted that in "to be" sentances [which use té as the principle verb] there is usually no agent or actor. This is covered in the "té" section.
These serve as basic contrasts and correlatives, In and On are often used to imply causality between two sentences though technically only state the correlation of two clauses. Depending on the truth value of a the first sentence, it can either be a causal "thus" statement or a conditional "if" statment.


====Accusative Noun Phrase====
====Subcopula====
 
Subcopula are for individual causes of negatives or causal statements within verb or noun phrases that do not affect the truth value of the entire sentence.
Accusative nouns are the direct objects of the sentance, which follow the verbs immediately. They are identified largely by syntax as they follow the verb immediately. There is a vestigal "ag" but this is not used except in rare cases of ambiguity.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
 
|+Subcopula
====Indirect Noun Phrases====
! width="30%"|Subcopula
 
! width="70%"|English
This refers to most cases of indirect objects which usually immediately follow Accusative nouns. In this category are both dative and instrumental. The difference between the two being order alone; Dative follows after Accusative, while Instrumental and Relative will follow after Dative or the relevant noun.
 
====Framing Noun Phrases====
 
These are similar to a dependant clauses in English, though necessarily not conditional; these frame the place, time and reason why an action happened as well as an original source. It should be noted that if a place is part of the action or only partial, then that place should be either a Accusative/Dative [I went to the field] or relative [I went to the person who was at the field].
 
*Instrumental phrase; Objects which are used as instruments in order to perform an action. Similar to Dative case, it marks an indirect object.
*Locative phrase; Objects which indicate where the action is taking place.
*Temporal phrase; Objects which indicate when the action is taking place. Closely related to Locative.
*Causal phrase; Objects which indicate for what reason an action is taking place.
*Perspective phrase; Object which is the source of the information.
 
The above four are markers for dependant clauses which frame the action and thus typically come after the noun. For poetic reasons or reasons of suspence, these may be shifted about just as in English.
 
====Prepositional Relations in Fén====
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:350px;"
! width="30%"|Fén
! width="30%"|English
! width="40%"|Type
|-
|-
|Me
|Na
|
|It is that...
|Nomative
|-
|-
|Ag
|Cha
|
|Is it that...
|Accusative
|-
|-
|Nér
|Ne
|Against
|It is not that...
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|-
|Dó
|Che
|From
|Is it not that...
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|-
|Del
|Ni
|To
|If it is (...), then it is(...)
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|-
|Debh
|Chi
|Towards
|Is it that if (...), then (...)
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|-
|Rel
|No
|Than
|If it is (...), then (...) is not.
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|-
|Cun
|Cho
|Like
|Is it that if it is (...), then (...) is not.
|Accusative/Dative
|}
|-
 
|Rú
===Grammatical order===
|By
 
|Instrumental
Fén syntax is relatively flexible in principle; each noun phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun. There is a strong sense of natural order in the language, which is as follows;
|-
 
|Cór
 
|Under
Using these terms, the Fén sentence order becomes;
|Accusative/Dative/Locative
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
|-
|+Prepositional Clause/Order Order
|Ce
! width="100"|Relative Determiner
|Over
! width="100"|Copula
|Accusative/Dative/Locative
! width="100"|Verb
! width="100"|Direct Object
! width="100"|Indirect Object
! width="100"|Subject
! width="100"|Locative [Clause]
! width="100"|Temporal [Clause]
! width="100"|Causal [Clause]
! width="100"|Perspective [Clause]
|}
 
 
====Verbal clauses====
Verbs are given tenses in a fashion similar to English; Have, Is or Go precede the verb in various orders to give it a tense.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
|+Auxilary Verbs, Time & Mood
! width="30%"|Tense
! width="25%"|Fén
! width="25%"|English
! width="20%"|Adverb Type
|-
|-
|Cu
|Present
|In[to]
|[Verb]
|Accusative/Dative/Locative
|[Verb]
|Temporal
|-
|-
|Tonúr
|Present Progressive
|Around
|Té [Verb]
|Accusative/Dative/Locative
|[Be] [Verb]ing
|Temporal
|-
|-
|Núr
|Simple Past
|Near
|Bhé [Verb]
|Accusative/Dative/Locative/Temporal
|[Verb]ed
|Temporal
|-
|-
|Nédén
|Past Progressive
|Opposite
|Bhé Té [Verb]
|Locative
|Was [Verb]ing
|Temporal
|-
|-
|Cóbh
|Future Simple
|Before
|Lé [Verb]
|Locative/Temporal
|Will [Verb]
|Temporal
|-
|-
|Cébh
|Future Progressive
|After
|Lé Té [Verb]
|Locative/Temporal
|Will be [Verbing]
|Temporal
|-
|-
|Debh
|Conditional
|Until
|Med
|Locative/Temporal
|Would
|Mood
|-
|-
|Cur
|Subjunctive
|At/During
|Tel
|Locative/Temporal
|May
|Mood
|-
|-
|Pon
|Obligatory
|For/Because of
|Cún
|Causal
|Must
|-
|Mood
|Tén+++
|According
|Subjective
|}
|}


"Ce" is also typically used as "about": "They are talking '''about''' that" becomes; ''Té ghír '''ce''' ítá me ló.''
All adverbs not listed here are categorized as "Other". These adverbs make up the majority and do not describe the Mood, Voice or Time of an object.


Debh implies doing something with the aim of one thing but not achieving it or at least where the success is in doubt. This gives it a slightly different application than the English word "Towards"
It shoud also be noted in that Adverbal order is important particularly in terms of mood and voice adverbs;


Cóbh and Cébh imply only position and time, rather than a goal:
Where adverbs precede the order of the mood adverb, that mood or voice adverb is affected rather than the verb itself.


"They came '''after''' me" becomes "Bhé bhoc '''debh''' di me ló" unless one means "They arrived after I did"
Perfective verbs are expressed with time [cébh/cóbh]


The prepositions with multiple types can be determined by either syntax or subject following it:
Rather than exhaustively provide examples over the list,
*Accusative/Locative ambiguity is resolved by whether or not the case precedes the Nomative Noun.
:{|
*Locative/Temporal is resolved by whether the action listed is a place or a time.
| colspan="2"| "'''''Rún re me di.''''"
It is worth noting that the translations here are done with an English subject-object relation in mind rather than the word order one:
|-
| colspan="2"| /run rɛ mɛ dɪ/
|-
|Rún||re||me||di
|-
|love||{{sc|2s}}||{{sc|sbj}}||{{sc|1s}}
|-
|colspan="6"|''I love you.''
|}


A is under B can translate to Té B cór A or Té A ce B. This translation assumes the former in order to avoid switching voices.
:{|
| colspan="2" | "'''''Té rún ít me di.'''''"
|-
| colspan="2"| /te run it mɛ dɪ/
|-
|té||rún||ít||me||di
|-
|{{sc|prg}}||love||it||{{sc|sbj}}||{{sc|1s}}
|-
|colspan="6"|Either "''I'm loving it.''" or "''It is the case that I love it''"
|}


Because of the relatively strict word order and preposition use, there is no declension or suffixes to differenciate between adjectives, adverbs, nouns and verbs.
:{|
| colspan="2" | "'''''Med bhé rún re me di'''''"
|-
| colspan="2" | /mɛd ve run rɛ mɛ dɪ/
|-
|med||bhé||rún||re||me||di
|-
|{{sc|cnd}}||{{sc|pst}}||love||{{sc|2s}}||{{sc|subj}}||{{sc|1s}}
|-
|colspan="6"|"''I wish I had loved you.''"
|}


====Other Prepostions====
:{|
=====Ba=====
| colspan="2" | "'''''Bhé té med rún re me di cébh bhocá.'''''"
Ba is a possessive Marker, which until any other preposition in Fén is preceded the genative case that it creates and further is unique in that it may appear at any point in the syntax relative to other prepositions without altering the meaning of it
|-
| colspan="2" | /ve te mɛd run rɛ mɛ dɪ cev wɑka:/
|-
|bhé||té||med||rún||re||me||di||cébh||bhocá||
|-
|{{sc|pst}}||{{sc|prg}}||{{sc|cnd}}||love||{{sc|2s}}||{{sc|subj}}||{{sc|1s}}||before||then
|-
|colspan="6"|"''I had wanted to love you until then.''"
|}
 
====Vocative noun phrase====
 
The person who is being addressed usually precedes the rest of the sentence. This is particularly used when addressing to get their attention someone;


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|''Bhé thal del '''re''' ba <u>bélém</u> me lo.''
| colspan="8"| "''Dóthan, bhoc íc.''"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve hal dɛl rɛ ba belem mɛ lo/
| colspan="8"| /do'han, wɑk ic /
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>Dóthan.VOC</small>
|<small>-thal</small>
|<small>bhoc</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>íc</small>
|<small>-re-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-bélém</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|<small>If</small>
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>-PST.Aux-</small>
|Joan
|<small>-V\Walk</small>
|Come
|<small>To-</small>
|Here
|<small>-2S-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-House</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-3S</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"''She went to your house.''"
| colspan="8"| "''Joan, come here.''"
|}
|}


 
It may also be worked into the sentence, preceding the subject, re [thou], ré [you] or dé [we]. This is used to clarify or single out a subject;
=====Bhe (ne)=====
 
Bhe is like "Ba" remarkable in that it can occur anywhere in syntax. However, the word it marks, unlike Ba, follows it.




Line 737: Line 810:
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|''Bhé chím lo ébéci lé me lo me '''ún''' <u>bhe ginebh</u>''.
| colspan="8"| "''Bhoc íc me Dóthan re?''"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lɑ ebesi le mɛ un vɛ gɪnev/
| colspan="8"| /Wɑk ic mɛ do'han rɛ/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>Bhoc</small>
|<small>-chím</small>
|<small>íc</small>
|<small>lo-</small>
|<small>-ébéci-</small>
|<small>-lé-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|<small>-Dóthan-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|<small>-ún</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-ginebh</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|<small>If</small>
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>-PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>Come</small>
|<small>-V\See</small>
|<small>Here</small>
|<small>3S-</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-When.Rel-</small>
|<small>-Joan.VOC-</small>
|<small>-Go-</small>
|<small>-2S</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-He</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Girl</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-Flowers</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"The '''girl''' <u>with flowers</u> when he left.''
| colspan="8"| "''Come here, Joan.''"
|}
|}


A "ne" preceding the bhe marks it as a negative, and thus should be translated as "without".
===Nomative noun phrase===
 
This is the subject or actor in a sentence. It usually comes around the end of a sentence, unless the location or time of the action is being framed.


Nomative nouns are marked with "me".


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé chím lo ba lé me ún <u>bhe ne</u> ban ghinebh.''"
| colspan="8"| "Bhé chím lírod me Dim."
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lɑ ebesi le mɛ un vɛ nɛ ban ɣɪnev/
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lir'ɑd mɛ dɪm/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-chím</small>
|<small>-chím</small>
|<small>lo-</small>
|<small>lírod</small>
|<small>-ébéci-</small>
|<small>-lé-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|<small>-Dim</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-ún</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-ne-</small>
|<small>-ban-</small>
|<small>-ghinebh</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|<small>If</small>
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>-PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\See</small>
|<small>-V\See</small>
|<small>3S-</small>
|<small>Here</small>
|<small>-When.Rel-</small>
|<small>-Go-</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-He</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Girl</small>
|<small>-Jim.VOC</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-NEG-</small>
|<small>-Red-</small>
|<small>-N\Flowers</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"'''''The girl''' <u>without</u> red flowers saw when he left.''"
| colspan="8"| "Jim saw the ball."
|}
|}
===Fén and Clauses===
In Fén a great deal of focus are put upon various clauses in a sentance. There are three basic types which occur for different reasons;


====Primary Clauses====
It should be noted that in "to be" sentences [which use té as the principle verb] there is usually no agent or actor. This is covered in the "té" section.


These are essentially a full sentance on their own but they may be linked with the above copula. They typically begin with a copula or a verb (in cases where the copula would be dropped) and conclude with the subject. These are essentially sentances on their own and follow typical word order;
====Accusative noun phrase====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
! width="100"|Copula
! width="100"|Verb
! width="100"|Object
! width="100"|Indirect Object
! width="100"|Subject
|}


''I give you the ball.''
Accusative nouns are the direct objects of the sentence, which follow the verbs immediately. They are identified largely by syntax as they follow the verb immediately. There is a vestigal "ag" but this is not used except in rare cases of ambiguity.


becomes;
====Indirect noun phrases====


''Bél lirod del re me di.''
This refers to most cases of indirect objects which usually immediately follow Accusative nouns. In this category are both dative and instrumental. The difference between the two being order alone; Dative follows after Accusative, while Instrumental and Relative will follow after Dative or the relevant noun.


====Dependant Clauses====
====Framing noun phrases====


In Fén there are two types of Dependant clauses which are quite distinct from eachother. On depends upon the initial copula, which often make the rest of the sentance dependant on them. These sorts of sentances invovle two full clauses, where the second is dependant on the first;
These are similar to a dependant clauses in English, though necessarily not conditional; these frame the place, time and reason why an action happened as well as an original source. It should be noted that if a place is part of the action or only partial, then that place should be either a Accusative/Dative [I went to the field] or relative [I went to the person who was at the field].


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
*Instrumental phrase; Objects which are used as instruments in order to perform an action.
|+
*Locative phrase; Objects which indicate where the action is taking place.
<!-- Sentence -->
*Temporal phrase; Objects which indicate when the action is taking place. Closely related to Locative.
| colspan="8"|<u>"''On bhé dhir re ba ghóbhar me re</u>, tel lec ra ba délag me re.''''
*Causal phrase; Objects which indicate for what reason an action is taking place.
*Perspective phrase; Object which is the source of the information.
 
The above four are markers for dependant clauses which frame the action and thus typically come after the noun. For poetic reasons or reasons of suspence, these may be shifted about just as in English.
 
====Prepositional relations in Fén====
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:350px;"
|+Prespositions
! width="30%"|Fén
! width="30%"|English
! width="40%"|Type
|-
|Me
|
|Nomative
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|Ag
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve ʒir rɛ ba gowar mɛ rɛ, tɛl lɛk ra ba delag mɛ rɛ/
|
|Accusative
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|Nér
|<small>on</small>
|Against
|<small>bhé-</small>
|Accusative/Dative
|<small>-dhír</small>
|-
|<small>re-</small>
|Dó
|<small>-ba-</small>
|From
|<small>-Góbhar</small>
|Accusative/Dative
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|<small>Tel-</small>
|<small>-lec</small>
|<small>ra-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-délag</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>re</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|<small>If</small>
|Del
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|To
|<small>-V\Do</small>
|Accusative/Dative
|<small>You-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-Work</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-2S</small>
|<small>SBJV.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Drink</small>
|<small>Some-</small>
|<small>-Of-</small>
|<small>-Whiskey</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
|Debh
| colspan="8"| ''<u>If you finished your work</u>, you can have some of the whiskey..''
|Towards
|}
|Accusative/Dative
 
The other form of dependant clause in Fén is one which rather than describe a distinct action that the first is dependant on, rather describe the context in which the action takes place. These invovles reasons, adding perspective to a statement or giving the time/place a sentance takes place in. These Clauses begin preposition and end either the whole sentance or else with another clause marking another dependant clause:
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''On bhé dhir tol ít me di <u>pon re.</u>''.''
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|Rel
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve ʒir tɑl it rɛ pɑn rɛ/
|Than
|Accusative/Dative
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|Cun
|<small>on</small>
|Like
|<small>bhé-</small>
|Accusative/Dative
|<small>-dhír</small>
|-
|<small>tol-</small>
|Rú
|<small>-ít</small>
|By
|<small>pon-</small>
|Instrumental
|<small>-re</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|<small>If</small>
|Cór
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|Under
|<small>-V\Do</small>
|Accusative/Dative/Locative
|<small>All-</small>
|<small>-This</small>
|<small>For-</small>
|<small>-You</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
|Ce
| colspan="8"|''I did all of this <u>for you</u>''.
|Over
|}
|Accusative/Dative/Locative
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|''Lé lé lúran me di <u>cur cédhina.</u>''
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|Cu
| colspan="8"| /le le luran mɛ dɪ kʊr seʒɪna/
|In[to]
|Accusative/Dative/Locative
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|Tonúr
|<small>lé-</small>
|Around
|<small>-lé</small>
|Accusative/Dative/Locative
|<small>lúran</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>cur-</small>
|<small>-cédhina</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|<small>If</small>
|Núr
|<small>-FTR.Aux-</small>
|Near
|<small>-Go</small>
|Accusative/Dative/Locative/Temporal
|<small>South</small>
|-
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|Nédén
|<small>-I</small>
|Opposite
|<small>During-</small>
|Locative
|<small>-Winter</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
|Cóbh
| colspan="8"| "''I'm going to go south <u>during winter</u>.''"
|Before
|}
|Locative/Temporal
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé bhé ghobhár bhe bhen dhénil rel íc me di <u>ce tegír.</u>''"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|Cébh
| colspan="8"| /ve ve ɣowa:r vɛ vɛn ʒenɪl rɛl ik mɛ dɪ sɛ tɛgir/
|After
|Locative/Temporal
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|Cur
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|At/During
|<small>-bhé-</small>
|Locative/Temporal
|<small>-ghobhár</small>
|-
|<small>bhe-</small>
|Pon
|<small>-bhen-</small>
|For/Because of
|<small>-dhénil</small>
|Causal
|<small>rel-</small>
|<small>-íc</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>ce-</small>
|<small>-tegír</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|Tén+++
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|According
|<small>-PST.Aux-</small>
|Subjective
|<small>-V\Work</small>
|}
|<small>With-</small>
 
|<small>-More-</small>
====Prepositional Application====
|<small>-Weight</small>
 
|<small>Than-</small>
===== Ce, Cu & Cór =====
|<small>-Here</small>
 
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
Words following Cór are the ones which are "under" the words preceding it while similarly, those following Ce are the ones over the subject. This is applied consistantly within Fén.
 
Thus if someone were in an unfortunate, horse related, accident and wanted to signal their location they would say,
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Té líren cór di!''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /te lirɛn kor dɪ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>líren</small>
|<small>cór</small>
|<small>di</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>Horse</small>
|<small>Under-</small>
|<small>-1S</small>
|<small>-1S</small>
|<small>On-</small>
|<small>-Farm</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| ''<u>At the farm</u>, we used to work harder than here.''"
| colspan="8"| "I'm under a horse!"
|}
|}


In some cases there may be multiple dependant clauses;
Or alternatively, if asked why she wasn't helping to clear the wreckage, a quicker witted survivor might declare


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Lé chím re me di '''ce teghír''' <u>cur cédhina bhoci</u>.''"
| colspan="8"| "''pon éloc té di ce líren''"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /le xim rɛ mɛ dɪ sɛ teɣir kʊr seʒɪna wɑsɪ/
| colspan="8"| /pɑn elɑk dɪ sɛ lirɛn/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>pon-</small>
|<small>-bhé-</small>
|<small>-éloc</small>
|<small>-ghobhár</small>
|<small>di</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>ce</small>
|<small>-bhen-</small>
|<small>líren</small>
|<small>-dhénil</small>
|<small>rel-</small>
|<small>-íc</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>ce-</small>
|<small>-tegír</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>Because</small>
|<small>-PST.Aux-</small>
|<small> the.reason.that</small>
|<small>-V\Work</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>over-</small>
|<small>-More-</small>
|<small>-horse</small>
|<small>-Weight</small>
|<small>Than-</small>
|<small>-Here</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1S</small>
|<small>On-</small>
|<small>-Farm</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|'"'I will see you <u>this winter</u> '''at the farm'''.''"
| colspan="8"| "Because there is a horse on top of me"
|}
|}


The order in these dependant clauses is usually: Locative-Temporal-Causal-Perspective.
If soldier participating in the Trojan Wars had a dim witted friend looking around the camp for him, he might find context to utter such a phrase as,
 
====Relative Clauses====
In Fén relative clauses are rather common and often mark another action within the sentance. These begin with a relative determiner, however there are no strict rules on there ending. Verbally this is usually distinguished by tone, while writers may use commas or expect their readers to understand based off of context. 'ci and 'cibh are gaining popularity as verb and written endings in some faster speaking dialects, but are not yet considered standard in Fén.


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé ralat del elin <u>ét bhé cuc di ba tenír</u>''".
| colspan="8"| "''té di cu líren''"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve ralat dɛl ɛlɪn et ve kʊk dɪ ba tɛnir/
| colspan="8"| /te dɪ sɛ kʊ lirɛn/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>té</small>
|<small>-ralat</small>
|<small>di</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>cu-</small>
|<small>-elin-</small>
|<small>-líren</small>
|<small>-ét</small>
|-
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-cuc</small>
|<small>di-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-tenír</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>-Shout</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>in-</small>
|<small>-Woman-</small>
|<small>-horse</small>
|<small>-Who.Rel</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Took</small>
|<small>1S-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-Bread</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"''I shouted at the woman <u>who took my bread</u>.''"
| colspan="8"| "I am in the horse."
|}
|}


These relative clauses can sometimes be worked into the shorter form of dependant clauses to express cause which is something rare in English, the result is something like this;
In addition to this ''cór'', ''cu'' and ''ce'' have more metaphorical uses as well.
 
''Cór'' is often used to refer to qualities, particularly transient ones, which are related to an object.
 
''Cu'' is used for a more existential link between objects, one not related to qualities but rather something inseparable to person proper. Often the phrases in which ''cu'' are used, rather than ''cór'' are ones which make use of a determiner and make a statement about being a '''particular''' thing rather than having a certain quality (or set there of).
 
''Ce'' by contrast is may be used in to refer to a subject of an action or discussion, like how we would look ''at'' something or talk ''about'' something.


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé lé lodénen me dí <u>pon éloc léc gínemel cípa.</u>''"
| colspan="8"| "''Té balin rinob cór tílan ít''"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve le dɛl lɑdenɛn mɛ di pɑn elɑk lek ginɛmɛl cipa/
| colspan="8"| /te balɪn rɪnob kor tilan it/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>té</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>balin-</small>
|<small>del</small>
|<small>-rinob</small>
|<small>-lodénen</small>
|<small>cór-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-tílan-</small>
|<small>-dí</small>
|<small>-ít</small>
|<small>pon-</small>
|<small>-éloc</small>
|<small>léc</small>
|<small>gínemel-</small>
|<small>-chíp-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>weak-</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-writing</small>
|<small>-Store</small>
|<small>under-</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-book-</small>
|<small>-3P</small>
|<small>-this</small>
|<small>For</small>
|<small>Get</small>
|<small>Fishing-</small>
|<small>-N\Needs-</small>
|<small>-P</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"''We went to the store <u>to get fishing supplies</u>.''"
| colspan="8"| "This book is poorly written"
|}
|}


Although, it could also be expressed with dependant clause using a conditional copula;
compared to,


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''<u>On bhé chíp gínemel chípa me dí</u>, bhé lé del lodénen me dí.''"
| colspan="8"| "''Té  tílan ít ce balin rinob''"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve xip ginɛmɛl xipa mɛ di, ve le dɛl lɑdenɛn mɛ di/
| colspan="8"| /te tilan it ce balɪn rɪnob/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>On</small>
|<small>té</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>tílan-</small>
|<small>-chíp</small>
|<small>-ít</small>
|<small>gínemel-</small>
|<small>ce-</small>
|<small>-chíp-</small>
|<small>-balin-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-rinob</small>
|<small>-dí</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-lódénen</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>If</small>
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>book-</small>
|<small>-V\Need</small>
|<small>-this</small>
|<small>Fishing-</small>
|<small>over-</small>
|<small>-N\Supply</small>
|<small>-bad-</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-writing</small>
|<small>-1P</small>
|-
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
<!-- Translations -->
|<small>-Go</small>
| colspan="8"| "''This book is about poor writing''"
|<small>To-</small>
|}
|<small>-Store</small>
 
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
If one were to maintain the order and say, ''Té balin rinob ce tílan ít'', it would be interpreted as "[There] is bad writing on this book" which would be a strange construction but it could be interpreted as meaning "The reviews of this book are poorly done" [though that would generally be pluralized to "''rinoba''" or "writings"].
|<small>-1P</small>
 
Finally, cu can play two roles here, first is if "weak writing" is not followed by a determiner, in which case it retains the more general meaning of in;
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Té balin rinob cu tílan ít.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /te balɪn rɪnob ku tilan it/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>balin-</small>
|<small>-rinob</small>
|<small>cu-</small>
|<small>-tílan-</small>
|<small>-ít</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>weak-</small>
|<small>-writing</small>
|<small>in-</small>
|<small>-book-</small>
|<small>-this</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"''<u>As we needed fishing supplies</u>, we went to the store.''"
| colspan="8"| "There is bad writing in this book."
|}
|}


It is also important to note that perhaps more often than in English, these relatively clauses may build on top of eachother;
Which conveys that part of the book, though not all of it, contains weak or poor writing. However under other circumstances, cu serves to mark two things as fundamentally inseparable. For this an absent minded Dóthan looking over some old notes and remarking what tripe it is, Dim if he were in the room, might declare to her;


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé lé del alon <u>ét bhé lodén gérul del alon '''ét bhé ghír del di cur bhéghal.'''</u> me di.''"
| colspan="8"| "''Té balin bhérinob ronéb ítá cu tílan ít.''"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve le dɛl alɑn et lɑden gerʊl dɛl alɑn et gir dɛl dɪ  kʊr weɣal mɛ dɪ/
| colspan="8"| /te balɪn verɪnob rɑneb ita: ku tilan it/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>té</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>balin-</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-bhe-</small>
|<small>-alon-</small>
|<small>rinob</small>
|<small>-ét</small>
|<small>ronéb</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-ít</small>
|<small>-lodén</small>
|<small>cu-</small>
|<small>gérul</small>
|<small>-re-</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-alon-</small>
|<small>-rinoba</small>
|<small>-ét</small>
|-
|<small>bhé-</small>
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>-ghír</small>
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>weak-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>Aux.PST.Adj-</small>
|<small>cur-</small>
|<small>-Write.Adj-</small>
|<small>-bhégal</small>
|<small>-tripe-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-this</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>in-</small>
|<small>-2S-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-writings</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<!-- Translations -->
<small>PST.Aux-</small>
| colspan="8"| "This badly written tripe is your [own] notes!"
|}
 
One final point with these particular prepositions, which does carry over to others, is that there is an important difference between the accusative/dative and locative sense of these prepositions. Those that precided the subject, are accusative or dative and those that follow are locative.
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Bhé lé ce genem me Dacob.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve le sɛ gɛnɛm mɛ dakɑb/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>ce-</small>
|<small>-genem</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-Dacob</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Aux.PST-</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>Over-</small>
|<small>-Man-</small>
|<small>-Bridge</small>
|<small>-Who.Rel</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Jacob</small>
|<small>-Sold</small>
|-
|<small>Boat</small>
<!-- Translations -->
|<small>To-</small>
| colspan="8"| "Jacob went over the bridge"
|<small>-Man-</small>
|<small>-Who.Rel</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Speaking</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Me</small>
|<small>During-</small>
|<small>-Yesterday</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"I went to the man <u>who sold the boat to the guy '''who talked to me yesterday'''</u>''."
|}
|}
Subcoupla follow the relative determiner that starts the clause;


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Tel thé peloc cór alon <u>égal ne bél bér cór ígel ba bénana</u>.''"
| colspan="8"| "''Bhé lé me Dacob ce genem.''"
|-
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /Tɛl he pɛlɑk cór alɑn egɑl nɛ bel ber cor igɛl ba benana/
| colspan="8"| /ve le sɛ gɛnɛm mɛ dakɑb/
|-
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Tel-</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-thé</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>peloc</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>cór-</small>
|<small>-Dacob</small>
|<small>-alon-</small>
|<small>ce-</small>
|<small>-égal</small>
|<small>-genem</small>
|<small>ne-</small>
|-
|<small>-bél</small>
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>bér</small>
|<small>Aux.PST-</small>
|<small>cór-</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>-ígel-</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>ba-</small>
|<small>-Jacob</small>
|<small>-bénan-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<small>SBJV.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Be</small>
|<small>Curse-</small>
|<small>Over-</small>
|<small>Over-</small>
|<small>-Man-</small>
|<small>-Bridge</small>
|<small>-Who.Rel</small>
|<small>Neg-</small>
|<small>-Gives</small>
|<small>Good</small>
|<small>Over--</small>
|<small>-3S.Det-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-Friend-</small>
|<small>-P</small>
|-
|-
<!-- Translations -->
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"Let him be cursed who does not do good for his friends"'</u>''."
| colspan="8"| "While over the bridge, Jacob went."
|}
|}


===Determiners===
=====Del, Do & Debh=====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
 
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Current Determiner
These mostly relate to the English use of "To", "From" and "Towards" though there are some exceptions which will be covered as I remark on them.
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Contrasting Determiner
 
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|New Determiner
=====Rel & Cun=====
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Current Determiner (Pl)
 
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Contrasting Determiner (Pl)
Rel and Cun are comparatives, roughly analogous to "than" and "like". These prepositions follow after the thing they thing they compare.
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|New Determiner (Pl)
 
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Inquistive Determiner
An example of this might be gleamed from a conversation between Paruc & Donil meeting their friend after his first day of work as a stable hand;
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Relative Determiner
 
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Inquistive Determiner (Pl)
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Relative Determiner (Pl)
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Cím lo cun balin lúdhí líren ba gér'"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /sim lɑ kʊn balɪn luʒi lirɛn ba ger/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>cím</small>
|<small>lo</small>
|<small>cun</small>
|<small>balin</small>
|<small>lúdhí</small>
|<small>líren</small>
|<small>ba</small>
|<small>gér</small>
|-
|-
|Ít
<!-- Gloss-->
|Ítá
|<small>look</small>
|Ítin
|<small>3S</small>
|Ítibh
|<small>like</small>
|Ítábh
|<small>weak</small>
|Ítina
|<small>old</small>
|At
|<small>horse</small>
|Ét
|<small>POSS</small>
|Atibh
|<small>spit</small>
|Étibh
|-
|-
|This
<!-- Translations -->
|That
| colspan="8"| "''He looks like a tired old horse's spit."
|This Other Thing
|}
|These
 
|Those
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|These Other Things
|+
|What?
<!-- Sentence -->
|Which
| colspan="8"| "''Ra fabhen cím ígel cun ne lo cu ícá cébh ghal ba góbhar.'"
|What? (pl)
|Those things which...
|-
|-
|Ígel
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|Ígelá
| colspan="8"| /ra favɛn sim igɛl kʊn nɛ lɑ kʊ ika sev ɣal ba govar/
|Ígelin
|Ígelibh
|Ígelábh
|Ígelina
|Agel
|Égal
|Agelibh
|Égalibh
|-
|-
|This Person
<!-- Morphemes-->
|That Person
|<small>ra-</small>
|This Other Person
|<small>-fabhen</small>
|These People
|<small>cím</small>
|Those People
|<small>ígel</small>
|These Other People
|<small>cun</small>
|Who?
|<small>ne</small>
|Who
|<small>lo</small>
|Who Are They?
|<small>cu</small>
|Those Ones Who...
|<small>ícá</small>
|<small>cébh</small>
|<small>ghal-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-góbhar</small>
|-
|-
|Bhoci
<!-- Gloss-->
|Bhocá
|<small>rarely-</small>
|Bhocin
|<small>-time</small>
|Bhocibh
|<small>see</small>
|Bhocábh
|<small>4S</small>
|Bhocina
|<small>like</small>
|Abéc
|<small>not</small>
|Ébéci
|<small>him</small>
|Abécibh
|<small>in</small>
|Ébécibh
|<small>there</small>
|<small>after</small>
|<small>day-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-work</small>
|-
|-
|Now
<!-- Translations -->
|Then
| colspan="8"| "''It's rare that one doesn't look like him after a day's work there."
|This Other Time
|}
|These Times
 
|Those Times
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|These Other Times
|+
|When?
<!-- Sentence -->
|When
| colspan="8"| "''Bhen bér thé lo rel di''"
|Which Time?
|-
|Those Times When...
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /vɛn ber he lɑ rel dɪ/
|-
|-
|Íc
<!-- Morphemes-->
|Ícá
|<small>bhen</small>
|Ícin
|<small>bér</small>
|Ícibh
|<small>thé</small>
|Ícábh
|<small>lo</small>
|Ícina
|<small>rel</small>
|Acá
|<small>di</small>
|Écá
|Acábh
|Écábh
|-
|-
|Here
<!-- Gloss-->
|There
|<small>more</small>
|This Other Place
|<small>good</small>
|These Places
|<small>is</small>
|Those Places
|<small>3S</small>
|These other places
|<small>than</small>
|Where?
|<small>me</small>
|Where
|Which Places?
|Those Places Where...
|-
|-
|Íloc
<!-- Translations -->
|Ílocá
| colspan="8"| "''Better him than me.''"
|Ílocin
|}
|Ílocábh
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|Ílocibh
|+
|Ílocina
<!-- Sentence -->
|Aloc
| colspan="8"| "''En bhé bhen bér ghír me di (rel re)'"
|Éloc
|Alocibh
|Élocibh
|-
|-
|This Reason
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|That Reason
| colspan="8"| /ɛn ve vɛn ber ɣir mɛ dɪ (rɛl rɛ)/
|This Other Reason
|These Reasons
|Those Reasons
|These Other Reasons
|Why?
|The Reason Which
|Why?
|Those Reasons Which...
|-
|-
|Íd
<!-- Morphemes-->
|Ídá
|<small>en</small>
|Ídin
|<small>bhé</small>
|Ídábh
|<small>bhen</small>
|Ídibh
|<small>bér</small>
|Ídina
|<small>ghír</small>
|Ad
|<small>di</small>
|Éd
|<small>rel</small>
|Adibh
|<small>re</small>
|Édibh
|-
|-
|This Way
<!-- Gloss-->
|That Way
|<small>neg</small>
|This Other Way
|<small>past</small>
|These Ways
|<small>more</small>
|Those Ways
|<small>good</small>
|These Other Ways
|<small>say</small>
|How?
|<small>1S</small>
|How
|<small>than</small>
|Which Ways?
|<small>2S</small>
|Those Methods Which...
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''I could not have said it better (than you)''"
|}
|}
In Fén, Determiners double as pronouns if the meaning is of them is made clear. Relative pronouns precede relative clauses, as in English. ex. "I will give my word to whoever merits it."


The Initial Determiner or "Current" Determiner, fills the role of both "This" and sometimes "The" in English, once established in a conversation the "current" determiner sticks and is used in cases even where "That" would be used in English by the other speaker.
=====Rú & Núr=====


The Contrasting Determiner serves to emphasize a contrast, thus would be used in sentances with a current determiner or shortly afterwards in order to posit some sort of relationship between the two or simple emphasize them in contrast to each other.
Rú indicates a method or tool used to accomplish a task was done with [not "bhe"] rather than person who did it or what one is near.  


The Final Determiner is used in order to switch the current. Where in English this doesn't receive any special emphasis, in Fén the first time the subject which the term "this" refers to in a conversation is changed, a "New Determiner" is used, in order to show as much. The contrasting determiner doesn't not have any indicator and may change several times over the course of a single sentence.
Núr meanwhile fills the purpose of "near" or when one is "by" something else.


Ígelá and Ígel see much less use than the simpler pronouns, such as "lo" but in written word, they might follow in the sentance after a relative pronoun, though "lo" in that case is also acceptable and more common. Ígel may be used in a sense similar to "on" in French or "one" in English.


===Quantifying Determiners===
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
! style="text-align:left" width="125"|Fén Ghír
|+
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|English
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''bhé dhél rú ad me re cur ébhéci bhé dénelé me re cu tílan lodénen?''"
|-
|-
|Tol Med (ba) [Noun]
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|Enough (of)
| colspan="8"| /ve ʒel ru ad rɛ cʊr evesi ve denɛle mɛ rɛ cʊ tilan lɑdenɛn/
|-
|-
|Tol (ba)[Noun]
<!-- Morphemes-->
|All (of)
|<small>bhé</small>
|-
|<small>dhél</small>
|Ró Lú ba [Noun]
|<small>rú</small>
|Too Much of
|<small>ad</small>
|<small>me</small>
|<small>re</small>
|<small>cur</small>
|<small>ébhéci</small>
|<small>bhé</small>
|<small>dhénelé</small>
|<small>me</small>
|<small>re</small>
|<small>cu</small>
|<small>tílan</small>
|<small>-lodénen</small>
|-
|-
|Lú (ba) [Noun]
<!-- Gloss-->
|Many/(Much of)
|<small>PST</small>
|<small>V\Live</small>
|<small>by</small>
|<small>way.inq</small>
|<small>aux.SBJ</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|<small>during</small>
|<small>time.rel</small>
|<small>PST</small>
|<small>V\trapped</small>
|<small>aux.SBJ</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|<small>in</small>
|<small>book</small>
|<small>store</small>
|-
|-
|Ra (ba) [Noun]
<!-- Translations -->
|Some (of)
| colspan="8"| "How did you survive when you were trapped in the book store?"
|}
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''bhé dhél rú éd teg gír ba tílana núr íca me di.''"
|-
|-
|Éna (ba)[Noun]
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|Few (of)
| colspan="8"| /ve ʒel ru ed tɛg gir ba te tilana nur ica mɛ dɪ/
|-
|-
|Ró Éna ba [Noun]
<!-- Morphemes-->
|Too Few
|<small>bhé</small>
|-
|<small>dhél</small>
|Ne Én (ba) [Noun]
|<small>rú</small>
|None
|<small>éd</small>
|<small>teg</small>
|<small>gír-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-tílan-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|<small>núr</small>
|<small>ícá</small>
|<small>me</small>
|<small>di</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST</small>
|<small>V\Live</small>
|<small>By</small>
|<small>Way.Rel</small>
|<small>Eat</small>
|<small>Langauge-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-Book-</small>
|<small>-PL</small>
|<small>Near</small>
|<small>There</small>
|<small>Aux.SBJ</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "I survived by eating nearby language textbooks."
|}
|}
It should be noted that these do not cause a noun to pluralize.


On their own, these give an amount of something that one possesses, when a possessive "ba" is inserted then it's a quantity of the total and is used similarly to the difference in English between "A lot" and "A lot of".
=====Tonúr, Núr & Cu=====
Tonúr, Núr and Cu can at times serve similar but distinct roles. This section serves to clarify both the different between them and the general use of all of them.


There are two import cases that this can precede Cídér and Fabhan.
An important distinction between English and Fén is that ''tonúr'' refers more specifically towards "fencing" or setting up a barrier around something, encircling might be a slightly closer term in this sense. Meanwhile less strict sense of "surround" is filled by ''cu''.
*If preceding Cídér it is a general statement on how likely something is, literally how much possibility it has. "Éna ba cídér" is "rarely".
*If preceding Fabhan it refers both how long until something occurs and how often something occurs; "(Lé bhé dén dir) Ne Én Fabhan (cur ít)" Means "(This will be done in) No Time" while "(Bhé dén dir) Ne Én '''ba''' Fabhen (cur ít)" means "This was never done" or more literally "This is done none of the time".


===Misc===
Thus, a Fén Comic Book villain who's been ambushed by heroes might shout to his henchmen during battle;


{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Té di tonúr léníma ítibh.'"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /te dɪ nur le'nim'a/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>di</small>
|<small>tonúr</small>
|<small>léním-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|<small>ítá</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|<small>surrounded.by</small>
|<small>idiot-</small>
|<small>-pl</small>
|<small>these</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''I'm encircled by these idiots!"
|}


While after defeat, he might bemoan the incompetance of his henchmen by shouting


====Pluralization====
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
*a is added to a verb to pluralize it if it ends in a consonant, if it ends with a vowel, bh (to pronounced as a "v" rather than a "w") is used. If an uncountable quantifier is used before it (Many, Few, Some), it is not pluralized. Noun-Adjective/Verb-Adverb.
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"| "''Té di cu léníma.'"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /te dɪ kʊ le'nim'a/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>té</small>
|<small>di</small>
|<small>cu</small>
|<small>léním-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>Is</small>
|<small>1S</small>
|<small>in</small>
|<small>idiot-</small>
|<small>-pl</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''I'm surrounded by idiots!"
|}


Snake->''Neren''
=====Nédén & Nér=====


Snakes->''Neren'''a'''''
Fairly different but have an similar inherent contrast to them.


Mountain->''Nila''
''Nér'' is used in the sense of something which resists the action; You fight against someone or hit a book against a table. "Del'' is an alternative, at least dialectically; "Fight to him" or "Hit book to table" but it's a weaker contrast and can lead to ambiguity; "I raced north against you" using "del" rather than "nér" could also mean "I raced northwards to you".


Mountains->''Nila'''bh'''''
Nédén is something facing another thing, especially from opposite a threshold. It's more complex in terms of when it is used, but is also rare.


====Diminutive====
====Cóbh, Cébh & Cur====


*-íg can be added to the end of a word to emphasize smallness or cuteness.
Relatively self-explanitory. May expand on the difference [of lack there of] between time/place but it seems pretty well congruent to English.  
*bé- may be used as as a slightly more respectful form amongst friends, essentially meaning "my good..."


"Michael"->"Mikey"
''Cóbh'' may be used to mean before or until, which one it is depends entirely on whether the verb is progressive. A non-progressive verb simples means "I did it before", progressive means "I was doing it until...".


"Mical"->"Micalíg"/"Micíg".
The difference for the others is less noticable, with cur it simply implies a process that began before and will end after. Cébh implies that one will have already been doing the thing at this point, "I will have a drink after you left" vs. "I will be drinking after you're old and grey" [usually used to imply "still" in this sense, but not necessarily].


===Notable Features===
=====Pon & Tén=====


====Yes/No====
Not overly complicated but give a reason and a point of view.
The Fén language does not have a term for yes or no but rather will reply with an shortened affirmative or negative, most simply, "''Té ít''" or "''An té ít''" if they want to be emphatic.


====Té====
First to note is that pon is followed with ''éloc'' when the reason is a subclause [which is most of the time] an example would be, "I did this because of what you said before". It isn't when it is followed by a single word or noun-phrase, thus "I did this for you" or "You should have done it for that reason" would omit ''éloc''
There is no active noun clauses with the verb Té. Instead an accusative object is either confirmed as existing, compared to another object or positioned around on.


This makes sentances take a rather passive appearance compared to English particularly when it comes to describing qualities, which Fén divide into 3 categories;
Tén is something that would be translated as "According to" or something along those lines, it makes the sentance subjective to a degree.


=====Cór=====
*1S: Used to subjectify, "I think".
*1P: Used to clarify or expound on rhetoric, "We say that..."
*2S/P: Used to clarify "You're saying?", "You said" [ie. "You said X previously!"].
*3S/P: Used to subjectify, "According to him..."
*4S/P (Ígel/ibh): Used to generalize, "Its said that..."


These are more or less for qualitative or transitive facts.
====Other prepositions====
=====Ba=====
Ba is a possessive Marker, which until any other preposition in Fén is preceded the genative case that it creates and further is unique in that it may appear at any point in the syntax relative to other prepositions without altering the meaning of it


I am happy.
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
 
|+
''Té lér cór di.''
<!-- Sentence -->
 
| colspan="8"|''Bhé thal del '''re''' ba <u>bélém</u> me lo.''
lit. There is happiness over me.
 
I am French
 
"Té Firanic cór di."
lit. There is French over me.
 
=====Cu=====
 
This case is used strictly for existential cases where the two cannot be separated; one is not an incidental quality but the essence of the Object himself. Usually this is for specific persons or objects followed by a determiner.
 
I am the one you were talking about.
 
''Té ét bhé gír ce ít me re '''cu''' di.''
 
=====Ce=====
 
Ce is essentially the opposite of Cór and used in both a rare passive sense of Cór for general adjectives as well as describing one as describing one's memories something. Unlike Cór, Ce is often used perceptive verbs, in particular Looking "onto" something would be a close English equivalent.
 
I remember the sight of the store well.
 
''Té lodénen ba cím ce di.''
 
==Vocabularly==
===Pronouns===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|English
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Fén
|-
|-
|I
<!-- Pronunciation-->
|di
| colspan="8"| /ve hal dɛl rɛ ba belem mɛ lo/
|-
|-
|you
<!-- Morphemes-->
|re
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|-
|<small>-thal</small>
|he
|<small>del-</small>
|lo
|<small>-re-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-bélém</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|-
|-
|we [excl.]
<!-- Gloss-->
|dí
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Walk</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-2S-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-House</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-3S</small>
|-
|-
|we [incl.]
<!-- Translations -->
|rí
| colspan="8"|"''She went to your house.''"
|-
|you [pl.]
|ré
|-
|they
|ló
|}
|}
=== Phrasebook===
“Hello”
*Bér cór re.
“How are you?”
*Ach té ét cór re
“I am well.”
*Té bér cór di
“What is your name?”
*Ach té fémoc me ét cór re
"It is" ______
*Té ______ me ít.


"A pleasure to meet you."


*Nel bér me én chím ít cór di
=====Bhe (ne)=====
"Please..."


*Och dir bér me re cór di...
Bhe is like "Ba" remarkable in that it can occur anywhere in syntax. However, the word it marks, unlike Ba, follows it.
"Thank you"
*Tel thé bér cór re
"You’re welcome"
*Tel thé lú bér cór re
"Good bye."
*Gar re me Úlana
"I don’t speak Fayn well"
*En tel bér ghír fén ghír cór di
"Do you speak (the English) language"
*Ach lúcím (Anigal) ghír cór re?
"Is there a speaker of (English) with us?"


*Ach té (Anigal) gír fhén bhe dí?


===Additional Pages===
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
 
|+
[[http://linguifex.com/index.php?title=Fén_Ghír/Vocabulary]]
<!-- Sentence -->
 
| colspan="8"|''Bhé chím lo ébéci lé me lo me '''ún''' <u>bhe ginebh</u>''.
==Featured Language==
|-
Fén Ghír has not yet been featured but I have translated this banner as practice;
<!-- Pronunciation-->
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:100%"
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lɑ ebesi le mɛ un vɛ gɪnev/
! Bér Dén Ghír ba Dénobh
|-
|-
| '''Bhél bér cór ghír ítá cur én fabhen'''
<!-- Morphemes-->
Bhé fhémoc bér me ló cór ít pon éloc bhé ag bér dhén na bécím lemh na lú dhíra me ghír ítá.
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|}
|<small>-chím</small>
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:100%"
|<small>lo-</small>
! Honoured Conlang Banner
|<small>-ébéci-</small>
|<small>-lé-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-ún</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-ginebh</small>
|-
|-
| '''We gave honour to this tongue at a time.'''
<!-- Gloss-->
We have voted it for because it has a good make, fair appearance and many uses.
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|}
|<small>-V\See</small>
|<small>3S-</small>
|<small>-When.Rel-</small>
|<small>-Go-</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-He</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Girl</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-Flowers</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"The '''girl''' <u>with flowers</u> when he left.''
|}


[[Category:Conlangs]]
A "ne" preceding the bhe marks it as a negative, and thus should be translated as "without".
 
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé chím lo ba lé me ún <u>bhe ne</u> ban ghinebh.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve xim lɑ e'bes'i le mɛ un vɛ nɛ ban ɣɪn'ev/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-chím</small>
|<small>lo-</small>
|<small>-ébéci-</small>
|<small>-lé-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-lo</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-ún</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-ne-</small>
|<small>-ban-</small>
|<small>-ghinebh</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\See</small>
|<small>3S-</small>
|<small>-When.Rel-</small>
|<small>-Go-</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-He</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Girl</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-NEG-</small>
|<small>-Red-</small>
|<small>-N\Flowers</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"'''''The girl''' <u>without</u> red flowers saw when he left.''"
|}
 
===Fén and clauses===
In Fén a great deal of focus are put upon various clauses in a sentence. There are three basic types which occur for different reasons;
 
====Primary clauses====
 
These are essentially a full sentence on their own but they may be linked with the above copula. They typically begin with a copula or a verb (in cases where the copula would be dropped) and conclude with the subject. These are essentially sentences on their own and follow typical word order;
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
! width="100"|Copula
! width="100"|Verb
! width="100"|Object
! width="100"|Indirect Object
! width="100"|Subject
|}
 
''I give you the ball.''
 
becomes;
 
''Bél lirod del re me di.''
 
====Dependent clauses====
 
In Fén there are two types of dependent clauses which are quite distinct from eachother. One depends upon the initial copula, which often make the rest of the sentence dependant on them. These sorts of sentences involve two full clauses, where the second is dependent on the first;
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|<u>"''On bhé dhir re ba ghóbhar me re</u>, tel lec ra ba délag me re.''''
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve ʒir rɛ ba ʒo'wɑr mɛ rɛ, tɛl lɛk ra ba de'lag mɛ rɛ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>on</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-dhír</small>
|<small>re-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-Góbhar</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|<small>Tel-</small>
|<small>-lec</small>
|<small>ra-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-délag</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>re</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<small>If</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Do</small>
|<small>You-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-Work</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-2S</small>
|<small>SBJV.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Drink</small>
|<small>Some-</small>
|<small>-Of-</small>
|<small>-Whiskey</small>
|<small>-SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>2S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| ''<u>If you finished your work</u>, you can have some of the whiskey..''
|}
 
The other form of dependant clause in Fén is one which rather than describe a distinct action that the first is dependant on, rather describe the context in which the action takes place. These invovles reasons, adding perspective to a statement or giving the time/place a sentence takes place in. These Clauses begin preposition and end either the whole sentence or else with another clause marking another dependant clause:
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''On bhé dhir tol ít me di <u>pon re.</u>''.''
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve ʒir tɑl it rɛ pɑn rɛ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>on</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-dhír</small>
|<small>tol-</small>
|<small>-ít</small>
|<small>pon-</small>
|<small>-re</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<small>If</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Do</small>
|<small>All-</small>
|<small>-This</small>
|<small>For-</small>
|<small>-You</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|''I did all of this <u>for you</u>''.
|}
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|''Lé lé lúran me di <u>cur cédhina.</u>''
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /le le lur'an mɛ dɪ kʊr se'ʒɪn'a/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>lé-</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>lúran</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>cur-</small>
|<small>-cédhina</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
|<small>-FTR.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>South</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-I</small>
|<small>During-</small>
|<small>-Winter</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| "''I'm going to go south <u>during winter</u>.''"
|}
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé bhé ghobhár bhe bhen dhénil rel íc me di <u>ce tegír.</u>''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve ve ɣo'wa:r vɛ vɛn ʒen'ɪl rɛl ik mɛ dɪ sɛ tɛg'ir/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-bhé-</small>
|<small>-ghobhár</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-bhen-</small>
|<small>-dhénil</small>
|<small>rel-</small>
|<small>-íc</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>ce-</small>
|<small>-tegír</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Work</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-More-</small>
|<small>-Weight</small>
|<small>Than-</small>
|<small>-Here</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1S</small>
|<small>On-</small>
|<small>-Farm</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"| ''<u>At the farm</u>, we used to work harder than here.''"
|}
 
In some cases there may be multiple dependant clauses;
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Lé chím re me di '''ce teghír''' <u>cur cédhina bhoci</u>.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /le xim rɛ mɛ dɪ sɛ te'ɣir kʊr se'ʒɪn'a wɑsɪ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-bhé-</small>
|<small>-ghobhár</small>
|<small>bhe-</small>
|<small>-bhen-</small>
|<small>-dhénil</small>
|<small>rel-</small>
|<small>-íc</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>ce-</small>
|<small>-tegír</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Work</small>
|<small>With-</small>
|<small>-More-</small>
|<small>-Weight</small>
|<small>Than-</small>
|<small>-Here</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1S</small>
|<small>On-</small>
|<small>-Farm</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|'"'I will see you <u>this winter</u> '''at the farm'''.''"
|}
 
The order in these dependant clauses is usually: Locative-Temporal-Causal-Perspective.
 
====Relative clauses====
In Fén relative clauses are rather common and often mark another action within the sentence. These begin with a relative determiner, however there are no strict rules on there ending. Verbally this is usually distinguished by tone, while writers may use commas or expect their readers to understand based off of context. 'ci and 'cibh are gaining popularity as verb and written endings in some faster speaking dialects, but are not yet considered standard in Fén.
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé ralat del elin <u>ét bhé cuc di ba tenír</u>''".
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve ra'lat dɛl ɛ'lɪn et ve kʊk dɪ ba tɛ'nir/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-ralat</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-elin-</small>
|<small>-ét</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-cuc</small>
|<small>di-</small>
|<small>-ba-</small>
|<small>-tenír</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Shout</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Woman-</small>
|<small>-Who.Rel</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Took</small>
|<small>1S-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-Bread</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"''I shouted at the woman <u>who took my bread</u>.''"
|}
 
These relative clauses can sometimes be worked into the shorter form of dependant clauses to express cause which is something rare in English, the result is something like this;
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé lé lodénen me dí <u>pon éloc léc gínemel cípa.</u>''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve le dɛl lɑ'den'ɛn mɛ di pɑn e'lɑk lek gin'ɛm'ɛl cip'a/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>del</small>
|<small>-lodénen</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-dí</small>
|<small>pon-</small>
|<small>-éloc</small>
|<small>léc</small>
|<small>gínemel-</small>
|<small>-chíp-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Store</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-3P</small>
|<small>For</small>
|<small>Get</small>
|<small>Fishing-</small>
|<small>-N\Needs-</small>
|<small>-P</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"''We went to the store <u>to get fishing supplies</u>.''"
|}
 
Although, it could also be expressed with dependant clause using a conditional copula;
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''<u>On bhé chíp gínemel chípa me dí</u>, bhé lé del lodénen me dí.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ɑn ve xip gin'ɛm'ɛl xip'a mɛ di, ve le dɛl lɑ'den'ɛn mɛ di/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>On</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-chíp</small>
|<small>gínemel-</small>
|<small>-chíp-</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-dí</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-lódénen</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|<small>If</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Need</small>
|<small>Fishing-</small>
|<small>-N\Supply</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1P</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Store</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1P</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"''<u>As we needed fishing supplies</u>, we went to the store.''"
|}
 
It is also important to note that perhaps more often than in English, these relatively clauses may build on top of eachother;
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Bhé lé del alon <u>ét bhé lodén gérul del alon '''ét bhé ghír del di cur bhéghal.'''</u> me di.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /ve le dɛl a'lɑn et lɑ'den ge'rʊl dɛl a'lɑn et gir dɛl dɪ  kʊr we'ɣal mɛ dɪ/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Bhé-</small>
|<small>-lé</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-alon-</small>
|<small>-ét</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-lodén</small>
|<small>gérul</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-alon-</small>
|<small>-ét</small>
|<small>bhé-</small>
|<small>-ghír</small>
|<small>del-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|<small>cur-</small>
|<small>-bhégal</small>
|<small>me-</small>
|<small>-di</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Go</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Man-</small>
|<small>-Who.Rel</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-Sold</small>
|<small>Boat</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Man-</small>
|<small>-Who.Rel</small>
|<small>PST.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Speaking</small>
|<small>To-</small>
|<small>-Me</small>
|<small>During-</small>
|<small>-Yesterday</small>
|<small>SBJ.Aux-</small>
|<small>-1S</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"I went to the man <u>who sold the boat to the guy '''who talked to me yesterday'''</u>''."
|}
 
Subcoupla follow the relative determiner that starts the clause;
 
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="8"|"''Tel thé peloc cór alon <u>égal ne bél bér cór ígel ba bénana</u>.''"
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="8"| /Tɛl he pɛl'ɑk kor alɑn e'gɑl nɛ bel ber kor i'gɛl ba ben'an'a/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>Tel-</small>
|<small>-thé</small>
|<small>peloc</small>
|<small>cór-</small>
|<small>-alon-</small>
|<small>-égal</small>
|<small>ne-</small>
|<small>-bél</small>
|<small>bér</small>
|<small>cór-</small>
|<small>-ígel-</small>
|<small>ba-</small>
|<small>-bénan-</small>
|<small>-a</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->|
<small>SBJV.Aux-</small>
|<small>-V\Be</small>
|<small>Curse-</small>
|<small>Over-</small>
|<small>-Man-</small>
|<small>-Who.Rel</small>
|<small>Neg-</small>
|<small>-Gives</small>
|<small>Good</small>
|<small>Over--</small>
|<small>-3S.Det-</small>
|<small>-POSS-</small>
|<small>-Friend-</small>
|<small>-P</small>
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="8"|"Let him be cursed who does not do good for his friends"'</u>''."
|}
 
===Other features===
 
====Pluralization====
*a is added to a verb to pluralize it if it ends in a consonant, if it ends with a vowel, bh (to pronounced as a "v" rather than a "w") is used. If an uncountable quantifier is used before it (Many, Few, Some), it is not pluralized. Noun-Adjective/Verb-Adverb.
 
Snake->''Neren''
 
Snakes->''Neren'''a'''''
 
Mountain->''Nila''
 
Mountains->''Nila'''bh'''''
 
====Diminutive====
 
*-íg can be added to the end of a word to emphasize smallness or cuteness.
*bé- may be used as as a slightly more respectful form amongst friends, essentially meaning "my good..."
 
"Michael"->"Mikey"
 
"Mical"->"Micalíg"/"Micíg".
 
===Notable features===
 
====Yes/No====
The Fén language does not have a term for yes or no but rather will reply with an shortened affirmative or negative, most simply, "''Té ít''"or a fitting determiner depending on the situation.
 
"''En té ít'''"-Negative.
"''An té ít"'' -Double Negative [Similar to French "si"]
 
====Té====
There is no active noun clauses with the verb Té. Instead an accusative object is either confirmed as existing, compared to another object or positioned around on.
 
This makes sentences take a rather passive appearance compared to English particularly when it comes to describing qualities, which Fén divide into 3 categories;
 
==Vocabulary==
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:750px;""
|+Phrasebook
! width="30%"|English
! width="30%"|Fén
! width="40%"|IPA
|-
|Hello
|''Bér cór re.''
|/ber kor rɛ /
|-
|How are you?
|''Ach té ét cór re''
| /ax te et kor rɛ/
|-
|I am well.
|''Té bér cór di''
|/te ber kor dɪ/
|-
|What is your name?
|''Té fémoc at cór re''
|/te femɑk at kor rɛ/
|-
|It is ______
|''Té ______ me ít.''
|/te ______ mɛ it/
|-
|A pleasure to meet you.
|''Níl bér me én chím ít cór di''
|/nil ber mɛ en xim it kor dɪ
|-
|Please...
|''Och dir bér me re cór di...''
|/ɑx dɪr ber mɛ re kor dɪ/
|-
|Thank you
|''Tel thé bér cór re''
|/tɛl he ber kor rɛ/
|-
|You’re welcome
|''Tel thé lú bér cór re''
|/tel hɛ lu ber kor rɛ/
|-
|Good bye
|''Gar re me Úlana''
|/gar rɛ mɛ ulana/
|-
|I don’t speak Fayn well
|''En tel bér fén ghír me di''
|/ɛn tɛl ber fen ɣir mɛ dɪ/
|-
|Do you speak (the English) language"
|''Ach tel ghír (Sasana) me re?"
| /ax tɛl ɣir (sasana) mɛ rɛ/
|-
|"Can one of you speak (English)?"
|Ach tel ghír (Sasana) me én bhe ré?"
| /ax tɛl ɣir (sasana) mɛ en vɛ rɛ/
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed"
|+Naming Dictionary
|-
! Fén Name !! Origin !! Additional Notes !! Alternatve Forms/Diminuitive
|-
| Donil || Uncertain: "From On High" or "Strong Sword" || Neut, usually Masc. || Doníg
|-
| Paruc || Shortened from Parichuc, "Hound Keeper" || Neut, usually Masc. || Paríg
|-
| Bénagén || "Friend of Génibh" || Neut. || Géníg
|-
| Bénalút || "Friend of Félut" || Neut. || Lútíg
|-
| Bémhed || "Great Will" || Neut. || Bemhíg
|-
| Conímhoc || "Strong Word" || Neut || Coním, Coníg
|-
| Bémhoc || "Good Word" || Neut, Southern Mostly || Bémhíg
|-
| Lúdhícím || "Old Dream" || Neut, Northern and Highlands || Dícíg
|-
| Fínog || "Ash Son" || Masc. Rare example of Infixing in Fén || Fíníg
|-
| Ógilín || "Striving Son" or "Son of Strife" || Masc. || Ógíg
|-
| Pénil || "Dark Height" or "Black sword" || Neut|| Péníg
|-
| Bachéd || "Red Sky" || Neut, usually Fem || Bachíg
|-
| Meghécír || "Hopeful Song" || Neut || Meghécíg, Meghíg
|-
| Nímhul || "High Fate" || Neut || Nímhíg, Níg
|-
| Mochél || "Sharp Word" || Neut, usually Masc, "Poet" || Mochíg
|-
| Enerat || "Quiet [One]" || Neut || Eníg
|-
| Bacherel || "Red Hair" || Neut, Common Nickname || Bachíg, Baníg
|-
| Féréch || "Light/Fair Hair" || Neut, Common Nickname || Féríg
|-
| Pécherel || "Dark Hair" || Neut, Common Nickname || Pélíg
|-
| Lechín || "Sad Birth" || Neut, nickname for Orphans || Lígín
|-
| Fírér || "Swift Eye" || Neut || Fíríg
|-
| Gídhén || "Smith" || Usually Masc || Gídhíg
|-
| Échún || "One choice" || Neut || Échíg
|-
| Pélédún || "Daughter of Twilight" || Fem, rare Pélédín male form || Pélíg
|-
| Ditén || Lone One, After River || Neut, Southern || Ditíg
|-
| Béghénár || Great Genibh's Journey, After River || Neut || Béghíg
|-
| Letún || Sad Daughter, After River || Fem. || Létíg
|-
| Géfín || Weeping Son, After River || Masc. || Géfíg
|-
| Lúbhal || "Many Homes" || Neut || Lúbhíg
|-
| Medharuc  || "Keeper of Hopes" || Neut, alternate Form "Megharuc" || Medhar, Meghar, Medhíg
|-
| Rúlán || "Starlike Gem" || Neut, Another rare example of infixing || Rúlíg [Little Star]
|-
| Cédighar || "Keeper of Cédil" || Neut || Cédhigh, Cédíg
|-
| Férédhém || "Firey Path" || Neut || Férédh, Féríg
|}
 
===See also===
 
*[[Fén Ghír/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]]
 
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Galavic]]
[[Category:Galavic]]
[[Category:Fén Ghír]]
[[Category:Fén Ghír]]
[[Category:Zewani-Western languages]]
[[Category:Pseudo-Celtic]]
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