Haoli: Difference between revisions

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|region =
|region =
|familycolor=
|familycolor=
|fam1= Proto-Haoli
|fam1= Proto-Xawlih
|fam2= Old Haoli
|fam2= Xawlih
|fam3=  
|fam3=  
|famr= 'Ináwah
|famr= 'Ináwah
|iso3=
|iso3=
|script=Haoadh Ghoath Alpha-syllabary
|script=Haoað Ghoaþ Alpha-syllabary
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!colspan= "2"|
!'''Bilabial'''
!'''Bilabial'''
!'''Labiodental'''
!'''Labiodental'''
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!'''Glottal'''
!'''Glottal'''
|-
|-
!'''Plosive'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Plosive'''
|p
!Voiceless
|'''p''' /p/
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''t''' /t/
|
|
|t tː d dː
|'''k''' /k/
|
|
|k kː g gː
|
|
|-
|-
!'''Nasal'''
!Voiced
|m
|'''b''' /b/
|
|
|
|n
|colspan="3"|'''d''' /d/
|
|
|ɲ
|'''g''' /g/
|
|
|-
|-
!'''Trill'''
!colspan="2"|'''Nasal'''
|'''m''' /m/
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''n''' /n/
|'''nj''' /ɲ/
|'''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Trill'''
|
|
|r rʰ
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''r''' /r/
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|
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|
|
|-
|-
!'''Fricative'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Fricative'''
!Voiceless
|f fː vʰ vː
|θ ð
|s sː
|
|
|ɣ
|'''f''' /f/
|h
|'''þ''' /θ/
|'''s''' /s/
|'''c''' /ʃ/
|
|'''x''' /x/
|'''h''' /h/
|-
|-
!'''Lateral Fricative'''
!Voiced
|
|
|
|
|ɬ
|'''v''' /v/
|'''ð''' /ð/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|'''gh''' /ɣ/
|
|
|-
|-
!'''Approximant'''
!colspan="2"|'''Approximant'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|j
|colspan="3"|
|'''j''' /j/
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
!'''Lateral Approximant'''
!colspan="2"|'''Lateral Approximant'''
|
|
|
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''l''' /l/
|l
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|
|
|
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!colspan="2"|
!'''Front'''
!'''Front'''
!'''Back'''
!'''Back'''
|-
|-
!'''Close'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Close'''
|i
!short
|u
|'''i''' /i/
|
|-
|-
!'''Open-Mid'''
!long
|ɛ œ
|'''ii/ī''' /iː/
|
|-
|-
!'''Open'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Open-Mid'''
|a
!short
|'''e''' /ɛ/ '''u''' /u/
|'''o''' /ɔ/
|-
!long
|'''ee/ē''' /ɛː/ '''uu/ū''' /uː/
|'''oo/ō''' /ɔː/
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Open'''
!short
|'''a''' /a/
|
|-
!long
|'''aa/ā''' /aː/
|
|
|}
|}
==Phonotactics==


=Orthography=
=Orthography=
==Romanization==
==Native Orthography==
==Native Orthography==


=Morphology=
=Morphology=
==Nouns==
==Nouns==
[[Haoli/Nouns|Haoli Nouns]] decline for case, gender, and number.
===Gender===
Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the  constituent noun. Haoli has three genders: neuter, feminine, and masculine.
===Plurals===
Haoli plurals are formed by suffixes or ablaut.
===Pronouns===
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="7"|Pronouns
|-
!rowspan="2"| Person
|-
!colspan="3"|Singular
!colspan="3"|Plural
|-
!First Person
|colspan="3"|jan
|colspan="3"|bet
|-
!Second Person
|colspan="3"|si
|colspan="3"|al
|-
!Third Person
|veni || vene || vena || venic || venec || venac
|}
===Declension===
===Declension===
==Verbs==
 
===Conjugation===
====Basic Cases====
====EG Verbs====
* Nominative
*Accusative
*Dative
*Malefactive
*Adverbial
*Vocative
*Contrastive
*Genitive
 
====Oblique Cases====
*Translative
*Exessive
*Essive
*Instrumental
*Prolative
 
====Locative Cases====
''Internal''
*Innesive
*Hyperessive
*Illative
*Hyperlative
*Elative
*Hyper-elative
*Supraperlative
*Hyperlative
*Perlative
''Traversal''
*Lative
*Superlative
*Prosecutive
*Terminative
''Exodal''
*Ablative
*Antessive
*Delative
*Eblative
''Relational''
*Superessive
*Supraessive
*Comitative
*Pertingent
*Apudessive
*Enclosive
*Forbative
*Locative
*Bative
*Transversive
*Circumfrentive
*Situative
*Abessive
*Intrative
*Subessive
 
==Articles==


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!colspan="4"|Articles
!'''Present'''
!'''Imperfect'''
!'''Future'''
!'''Pluperfect'''
|-
|-
!'''Indicative'''
!Gender !! Article !! Singular !! Plural
| -e
| -ae
| -ee
| -eu
|-
|-
!'''Interrogative'''
!rowspan="2"|Neuter || Definite
| -emen
| von || vono
| -aemen
| -eeme
| -eume
|-
|-
!'''Subjunctive'''
!Indefinite
| -elhet
| lidi ||  
| -aelhe
| -eelhe
| -eulhe
|-
|-
!'''Conditional'''
!rowspan="2"|Feminine || Definite
| -er
| ven || vene
| -aer
| -eer
| -eur
|-
|-
!'''Imperative'''
!Indefinite
| -esse
| lede ||  
| -aesse
| -eesse
| -eusse
|-
|-
!'''Jussive'''
!rowspan="2"|Masculine || Definite
| -jeth
| vun || vunu
| -jaeth
| -jeeth
| -jeuth
|-
|-
!'''Optative'''
!Indefinite
| -peje
| lada ||
| -paeje
| -peeje
| -peuje
|-
!'''Quotative'''
| -kev
| -kaev
| -keev
| -keuv
|}
|}


====IG Verbs====
==Verbs==
[[Haoli/Verbs|Haoli Verbs]] conjugate for tense and mood.
===Negation===
Haoli uses the circumposition ''ro '''''VERB''''' an''.
 
Example:<br>
The flower is not black.<br>
'''''Ro''' eiþi '''an''' asti veti.''
 
===Tense===
*Present
*Imperfect
*Future
*Pluperfect
===Mood===
*Indicative
*Interrogative
*Subjunctive
*Conditional
*Imperative
*Jussive
*Opative
*Quotative
 
==Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions==
 
===Coordinating Conjunctions===
*''jia'' – for
*''je'' – and
*''jue'' – but
*''aja'' – or
*''bo'' - yet
*''isjo'' - so
 
Examples:<br>
He listened '''and''' pondered.<br>
''Kroai '''je''''ajatoe vena.''<br><br>
 
===Correlative===
*''ajsi'' – rather than
*''ngo'' - as much as
*''laja'' – just as
*''ghe'' - but also
*''be'' - as
 
Examples:<br>
He was '''as''' selfless '''as''' the prophet Arin.<br>
''Isatro eiþae vena '''be''''ven felefþen.''<br><br>
 
==Table of Correlatives==
[[Haoli/Table of Correlatives|Haoli Table of Correlatives]]
 
=Syntax=
==Word Order (Taturuc)==
 
 
===Modifier Order===


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
! colspan="3" |'''The Basic Forms'''
!'''Present'''
!'''Imperfect'''
!'''Future'''
!'''Pluperfect'''
|-
|-
!'''Indicative'''
!'''Tatur'''
| -i
!'''English Translation'''
| -ai
!'''Word Order'''
| -ii
| -iu
|-
|-
!'''Interrogative'''
|Vun Pituð Tatur
| -imin
|The Elegant Form
| -aimin
|Preceding Modifier
| -iimin
| -iumin
|-
|-
!'''Subjunctive'''
|Vun Rasuð Tatur
| -ilhit
|The Common Form
| -ailhi
|Proceeding Modifier
| -iilhi
|}
| -iulhi
 
===Sentence Order===
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Tatur'''
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Word Order'''
|-
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|Vun Isatuð Tatur
| -ir
|The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form
| -air
|S-V-O
| -iir
| -iur
|-
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|Vun Roisatuð Tatur
| -issi
|The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polite Form
| -aissi
|O-V-S
| -iissi
| -iussi
|-
!'''Jussive'''
| -jith
| -jaith
| -jiith
| -jiuth
|-
!'''Optative'''
| -piji
| -paiji
| -piiji
| -piuji
|-
!'''Quotative'''
| -kiv
| -kaiv
| -kiiv
| -kiuv
|}
|}


====GE Verbs====
=Numbers=
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!colspan="9"|Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers)
!'''Present'''
!'''Imperfect'''
!'''Future'''
!'''Pluperfect'''
|-
|-
!'''Indicative'''
!colspan="3"|[0-20]
| -a
!colspan="3"|[20-40]
| -oe
!colspan="3"|20's [20-400]
| -aa
| -au
|-
|-
!'''Interrogative'''
!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli !!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli !!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli
| -amen
| -oeme
| -aame
| -aume
|-
|-
!'''Subjunctive'''
|0 || 0 || mi || 20 || 10 || uv    || 0 || 0 || mi
| -alhet
| -oelhe
| -aalhe
| -aulhe
|-
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|1 || 1 || edu  || 21 || 11 || uvedu || 20 || 10 || uv
| -ar
| -oer
| -aar
| -aur
|-
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|2 || 2 || ket  ||22 || 12 || uvket  || 40 || 20 || ketuv
| -asse
| -oesse
| -aasse
| -ausse
|-
|-
!'''Jussive'''
|3 || 3 || har  ||23 || 13 || uvhar  || 60 || 30 || haruv
| -jath
| -joeth
| -jaath
| -jauth
|-
|-
!'''Optative'''
|4 || 4 || neg  ||24 || 14 || uvneg  || 80 || 40 || neguv
| -paje
| -poeje
| -paaje
| -pauje
|-
|-
!'''Quotative'''
|5 || 5 || ote  ||25 || 15 || uvote  || 100 || 50 || oteuv
| -kav
|-
| -koev
|6 || 6 || vat  ||26 || 16 || uvvat  || 120 || 60 || vatuv
| -kaav
|-
| -kauv
|7 || 7 || jet  ||27 || 17 || uvjet  || 140 || 70 || jetuv
|}
 
====Irregular Verb: "el"====
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!'''Present'''
!'''Imperfect'''
!'''Future'''
!'''Pluperfect'''
|-
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|8 || 8 || njol  ||28 || 18 || uvnjol || 160 || 80 || njoluv
|ele
|elae
|elee
|eleu
|-
|-
!'''Interrogative'''
|9 || 9 || reso  ||29 || 19 || uvreso || 180 || 90 || resouv
|elem
|elaem
|eleem
|eleum
|-
|-
!'''Subjunctive'''
|10 || A || poi  ||30 || 1A || uvpoi  || 200 || A0 || poiuv
|elelh
|elaelh
|eleelh
|eleulh
|-
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|11 || B || ofu  ||31 || 1B || uvofu  || 220 || B0 || ofuuv
|eler
|elaer
|eleer
|eleur
|-
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|12 || C || ver  ||32 || 1C || uvver  || 240 || C0 || veruv
|eless
|elaess
|eleess
|eleuss
|-
|-
!'''Jussive'''
|13 || D || los  ||33 || 1D || uvlos  || 260 || D0 || losuv
|eljeth
|eljaeth
|eljeeth
|eljeuth
|-
|-
!'''Optative'''
|14 || E || is  ||34 || 1E || uvis  || 280 || E0 || isuv
|elpej
|elpaej
|elpeej
|elpeuj
|-
|-
!'''Quotative'''
|15 || F || ox  ||35 || 1F || uvox  || 300 || F0 || oxuv
|elkev
|elkaev
|elkeev
|elkeuv
|}
 
=Syntax=
==Word Order Tatuar==
===Sentence Order===
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Tatur'''
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Word Order'''
|-
|-
|Van Hauladh Tatur
|16 || G || cic  ||36 || 1G || uvcic  || 320 || G0 || cicuv
|The Symmetric Form
|V-O-S-CONJ-S-O-V
|-
|-
|Van Isatadh Tatur
|17 || H || tal  ||37 || 1H || uvtal  || 340 || H0 || taluv
|The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form
|S-V-O
|-
|-
|Van Roisatadh Tatur
|18 || J || af  ||38 || 1J || uvaf  || 360 || J0 || afuv
|The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polit Form
|O-V-S
|-
|-
|Van Aramaadh Tatur
|19 || K || bona ||39 || 1K || uvbona || 380 || K0 || bonauv
|The Lovely/Romantic Form
|V-O-S
|-
|-
|Van Usonadh Tatur
|20 || 10 || uv  ||40 || 20 || ketuv  || 400 || 100 || sin
|The Structured/School/Instructive Form
|V-S-O
|}
|}


===Modifier Order===


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Tatur'''
!colspan="9"|Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) [Powers of 20]
!'''English Translation'''
|-
!'''Word Order'''
! Power !! Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli
|-
| 20<sup>0</sup> || 1 || 1 || edu
|-
| 20<sup>1</sup> || 20 || 10 || uv
|-
| 20<sup>2</sup> || 400 || 100 || sin
|-
| 20<sup>3</sup> || 8,000 || 1,000 || biax
|-
| 20<sup>4</sup> || 160,000 || 10,000 || nova
|-
|-
|Van Pitadh Tatur
| 20<sup>5</sup> || 3,200,000 || 100,000 || jova
|The Elegant Form
|Preceding Modifier
|-
|-
|Van Rasadh Tatur
| 20<sup>6</sup> || 64,000,000 || 1,000,000 || sova
|The Common Form
|Proceeding Modifier
|}
|}
=Sample Texts=
=Lexicon=
[[Haoli/Lexicon|Haoli Lexicon]]
{{pri}}[[Category: Haoli]][[Category: Nominative-accusative languages]]
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