Haoli: Difference between revisions

710 bytes added ,  9 February 2021
 
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|region =
|region =
|familycolor=
|familycolor=
|fam1= Proto-Haoli
|fam1= Proto-Xawlih
|fam2= Old Haoli
|fam2= Xawlih
|fam3=  
|fam3=  
|famr= 'Ináwah
|famr= 'Ináwah
|iso3=
|iso3=
|script=Haoadh Ghoath Alpha-syllabary
|script=Haoað Ghoaþ Alpha-syllabary
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}
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|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Plosive'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Plosive'''
!'''Normal'''
!Voiceless
|p
|'''p''' /p/
|
|
|colspan="3"|t d
|colspan="3"|'''t''' /t/
|
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|k g
|'''k''' /k/
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|-
|-
!'''Lengthened'''
!Voiced
|pː
|'''b''' /b/
|
|
|colspan="3"|tː dː
|colspan="3"|'''d''' /d/
|
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|kː gː
|'''g''' /g/
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|-
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Nasal'''
!colspan="2"|'''Nasal'''
|m
|'''m''' /m/
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|
|colspan="3"|n
|colspan="3"|'''n''' /n/
|'''nj''' /ɲ/
|'''ng''' /ŋ/
|
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|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Trill'''
!colspan="2"|'''Trill'''
!'''Normal'''
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|colspan="3"|r
|colspan="3"|'''r''' /r/
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|-
|-
!'''Aspirated'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Fricative'''
|
!Voiceless
|
|colspan="3"|rʰ
|
|
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|-
!rowspan="3"|'''Fricative'''
!'''Normal'''
|f
|θ ð
|s
|
|h
|-
!'''Lengthened'''
|
|fː vː
|
|sː
|
|
|
|
|'''f''' /f/
|'''þ''' /θ/
|'''s''' /s/
|'''c''' /ʃ/
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|'''x''' /x/
|'''h''' /h/
|-
|-
!'''Aspirated'''
!Voiced
|
|vʰ
|
|
|
|'''v''' /v/
|'''ð''' /ð/
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|'''gh''' /ɣ/
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Lateral Fricative'''
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|colspan="3"|ɬ
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|colspan="3"|
|colspan="3"|
|j
|'''j''' /j/
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|colspan="3"|l
|colspan="3"|'''l''' /l/
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!colspan="2"|
!'''Front'''
!'''Front'''
!'''Back'''
!'''Back'''
|-
|-
!'''Close'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Close'''
|i
!short
|u
|'''i''' /i/
|
|-
!long
|'''ii/ī''' /iː/
|
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Open-Mid'''
!short
|'''e''' /ɛ/ '''u''' /u/
|'''o''' /ɔ/
|-
|-
!'''Open-Mid'''
!long
|ɛ œ
|'''ee/ē''' /ɛː/ '''uu/ū''' /uː/
|'''oo/ō''' /ɔː/
|-
|-
!'''Open'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Open'''
|a
!short
|'''a''' /a/
|
|-
!long
|'''aa/ā''' /aː/
|
|
|}
|}
==Phonotactics==


=Orthography=
=Orthography=
==Romanization==
==Native Orthography==
==Native Orthography==


=Morphology=
=Morphology=
==Nouns==
==Nouns==
===Declension===
[[Haoli/Nouns|Haoli Nouns]] decline for case, gender, and number.
==Verbs==
===Gender===
===Conjugation===
Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the  constituent noun. Haoli has three genders: neuter, feminine, and masculine.
====EG Verbs====
===Plurals===
Haoli plurals are formed by suffixes or ablaut.
 
===Pronouns===


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!colspan="7"|Pronouns
!'''Present'''
!'''Imperfect'''
!'''Future'''
!'''Pluperfect'''
|-
|-
!'''Indicative'''
!rowspan="2"| Person
| -e
| -ae
| -ee
| -eu
|-
|-
!'''Interrogative'''
!colspan="3"|Singular
| -emen
!colspan="3"|Plural
| -aemen
| -eeme
| -eume
|-
|-
!'''Subjunctive'''
!First Person
| -elhet
|colspan="3"|jan
| -aelhe
|colspan="3"|bet
| -eelhe
| -eulhe
|-
|-
!'''Conditional'''
!Second Person
| -er
|colspan="3"|si
| -aer
|colspan="3"|al
| -eer
| -eur
|-
|-
!'''Imperative'''
!Third Person
| -esse
|veni || vene || vena || venic || venec || venac
| -aesse
| -eesse
| -eusse
|-
!'''Jussive'''
| -jeth
| -jaeth
| -jeeth
| -jeuth
|-
!'''Optative'''
| -peje
| -paeje
| -peeje
| -peuje
|-
!'''Quotative'''
| -kev
| -kaev
| -keev
| -keuv
|}
|}


====IG Verbs====
===Declension===
 
====Basic Cases====
* Nominative
*Accusative
*Dative
*Malefactive
*Adverbial
*Vocative
*Contrastive
*Genitive
 
====Oblique Cases====
*Translative
*Exessive
*Essive
*Instrumental
*Prolative
 
====Locative Cases====
''Internal''
*Innesive
*Hyperessive
*Illative
*Hyperlative
*Elative
*Hyper-elative
*Supraperlative
*Hyperlative
*Perlative
''Traversal''
*Lative
*Superlative
*Prosecutive
*Terminative
''Exodal''
*Ablative
*Antessive
*Delative
*Eblative
''Relational''
*Superessive
*Supraessive
*Comitative
*Pertingent
*Apudessive
*Enclosive
*Forbative
*Locative
*Bative
*Transversive
*Circumfrentive
*Situative
*Abessive
*Intrative
*Subessive
 
==Articles==


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!colspan="4"|Articles
!'''Present'''
!'''Imperfect'''
!'''Future'''
!'''Pluperfect'''
|-
|-
!'''Indicative'''
!Gender !! Article !! Singular !! Plural
| -i
| -ai
| -ii
| -iu
|-
|-
!'''Interrogative'''
!rowspan="2"|Neuter || Definite
| -imin
| von || vono
| -aimin
| -iimin
| -iumin
|-
|-
!'''Subjunctive'''
!Indefinite
| -ilhit
| lidi ||  
| -ailhi
| -iilhi
| -iulhi
|-
|-
!'''Conditional'''
!rowspan="2"|Feminine || Definite
| -ir
| ven || vene
| -air
| -iir
| -iur
|-
|-
!'''Imperative'''
!Indefinite
| -issi
| lede ||
| -aissi
|-
| -iissi
!rowspan="2"|Masculine || Definite
| -iussi
| vun || vunu
|-
!Indefinite
| lada ||
|}
 
==Verbs==
[[Haoli/Verbs|Haoli Verbs]] conjugate for tense and mood.
===Negation===
Haoli uses the circumposition ''ro '''''VERB''''' an''.
 
Example:<br>
The flower is not black.<br>
'''''Ro''' eiþi '''an''' asti veti.''
 
===Tense===
*Present
*Imperfect
*Future
*Pluperfect
===Mood===
*Indicative
*Interrogative
*Subjunctive
*Conditional
*Imperative
*Jussive
*Opative
*Quotative
 
==Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions==
 
===Coordinating Conjunctions===
*''jia'' – for
*''je'' – and
*''jue'' – but
*''aja'' – or
*''bo'' - yet
*''isjo'' - so
 
Examples:<br>
He listened '''and''' pondered.<br>
''Kroai '''je''''ajatoe vena.''<br><br>
 
===Correlative===
*''ajsi'' – rather than
*''ngo'' - as much as
*''laja'' – just as
*''ghe'' - but also
*''be'' - as
 
Examples:<br>
He was '''as''' selfless '''as''' the prophet Arin.<br>
''Isatro eiþae vena '''be''''ven felefþen.''<br><br>
 
==Table of Correlatives==
[[Haoli/Table of Correlatives|Haoli Table of Correlatives]]
 
=Syntax=
==Word Order (Taturuc)==
 
 
===Modifier Order===
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
! colspan="3" |'''The Basic Forms'''
|-
|-
!'''Jussive'''
!'''Tatur'''
| -jith
!'''English Translation'''
| -jaith
!'''Word Order'''
| -jiith
| -jiuth
|-
|-
!'''Optative'''
|Vun Pituð Tatur
| -piji
|The Elegant Form
| -paiji
|Preceding Modifier
| -piiji
| -piuji
|-
|-
!'''Quotative'''
|Vun Rasuð Tatur
| -kiv
|The Common Form
| -kaiv
|Proceeding Modifier
| -kiiv
| -kiuv
|}
|}


====GE Verbs====
===Sentence Order===
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!'''Tatur'''
!'''Present'''
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Imperfect'''
!'''Word Order'''
!'''Future'''
!'''Pluperfect'''
|-
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|Vun Isatuð Tatur
| -a
|The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form
| -oe
|S-V-O
| -aa
| -au
|-
|-
!'''Interrogative'''
|Vun Roisatuð Tatur
| -amen
|The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polite Form
| -oeme
|O-V-S
| -aame
|}
| -aume
 
=Numbers=
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="9"|Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers)
|-
|-
!'''Subjunctive'''
!colspan="3"|[0-20]
| -alhet
!colspan="3"|[20-40]
| -oelhe
!colspan="3"|20's [20-400]
| -aalhe
| -aulhe
|-
|-
!'''Conditional'''
!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli !!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli !!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli
| -ar
| -oer
| -aar
| -aur
|-
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|0 || 0 || mi || 20 || 10 || uv    || 0 || 0 || mi
| -asse
| -oesse
| -aasse
| -ausse
|-
|-
!'''Jussive'''
|1 || 1 || edu  || 21 || 11 || uvedu || 20 || 10 || uv
| -jath
| -joeth
| -jaath
| -jauth
|-
|-
!'''Optative'''
|2 || 2 || ket  ||22 || 12 || uvket  || 40 || 20 || ketuv
| -paje
| -poeje
| -paaje
| -pauje
|-
|-
!'''Quotative'''
|3 || 3 || har  ||23 || 13 || uvhar  || 60 || 30 || haruv
| -kav
|-
| -koev
|4 || 4 || neg  ||24 || 14 || uvneg  || 80 || 40 || neguv
| -kaav
| -kauv
|}
 
====Irregular Verb: "el"====
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!
!'''Present'''
!'''Imperfect'''
!'''Future'''
!'''Pluperfect'''
|-
|-
!'''Indicative'''
|5 || 5 || ote  ||25 || 15 || uvote  || 100 || 50 || oteuv
|ele
|elae
|elee
|eleu
|-
|-
!'''Interrogative'''
|6 || 6 || vat  ||26 || 16 || uvvat  || 120 || 60 || vatuv
|elem
|elaem
|eleem
|eleum
|-
|-
!'''Subjunctive'''
|7 || 7 || jet  ||27 || 17 || uvjet  || 140 || 70 || jetuv
|elelh
|elaelh
|eleelh
|eleulh
|-
|-
!'''Conditional'''
|8 || 8 || njol  ||28 || 18 || uvnjol || 160 || 80 || njoluv
|eler
|elaer
|eleer
|eleur
|-
|-
!'''Imperative'''
|9 || 9 || reso  ||29 || 19 || uvreso || 180 || 90 || resouv
|eless
|elaess
|eleess
|eleuss
|-
|-
!'''Jussive'''
|10 || A || poi  ||30 || 1A || uvpoi  || 200 || A0 || poiuv
|eljeth
|eljaeth
|eljeeth
|eljeuth
|-
|-
!'''Optative'''
|11 || B || ofu  ||31 || 1B || uvofu  || 220 || B0 || ofuuv
|elpej
|elpaej
|elpeej
|elpeuj
|-
|-
!'''Quotative'''
|12 || C || ver  ||32 || 1C || uvver  || 240 || C0 || veruv
|elkev
|elkaev
|elkeev
|elkeuv
|}
 
=Syntax=
==Word Order Tatuar==
===Sentence Order===
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Tatur'''
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Word Order'''
|-
|-
|Van Hauladh Tatur
|13 || D || los  ||33 || 1D || uvlos  || 260 || D0 || losuv
|The Symmetric Form
|V-O-S-CONJ-S-O-V
|-
|-
|Van Isatadh Tatur
|14 || E || is  ||34 || 1E || uvis  || 280 || E0 || isuv
|The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form
|S-V-O
|-
|-
|Van Roisatadh Tatur
|15 || F || ox  ||35 || 1F || uvox  || 300 || F0 || oxuv
|The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polit Form
|O-V-S
|-
|-
|Van Aramaadh Tatur
|16 || G || cic  ||36 || 1G || uvcic  || 320 || G0 || cicuv
|The Lovely/Romantic Form
|V-O-S
|-
|-
|Van Usonadh Tatur
|17 || H || tal  ||37 || 1H || uvtal  || 340 || H0 || taluv
|The Structured/School/Instructive Form
|V-S-O
|}
 
===Modifier Order===
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
! colspan="3" |'''The Basic Forms'''
|-
|-
!'''Tatur'''
|18 || J || af  ||38 || 1J || uvaf  || 360 || J0 || afuv
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Word Order'''
|-
|-
|Van Pitadh Tatur
|19 || K || bona ||39 || 1K || uvbona || 380 || K0 || bonauv
|The Elegant Form
|Preceding Modifier
|-
|-
|Van Rasadh Tatur
|20 || 10 || uv  ||40 || 20 || ketuv  || 400 || 100 || sin
|The Common Form
|Proceeding Modifier
|}
|}


'''The Complex Forms'''
'''''Van Jamadh Muutaadh Tatur'''''<br>
''Simple Alternating Form''<br>
(V-Adv) (Adj-N) (N-Adj)<br>
*Can start with either Elegant or Common Form
*Modifying constituents always follow Elegant or Common Form exclusively
'''''Van Aramaadh Muutaadh Tatur'''''<br>
''The Romantic Alternating Form''<br>
(V-Adv) (Adj-S) (O-Adj)<br>
*Always begins with Common Form
*Modifying constituents follow their main constituent’s Form
'''''Van Tistaadh Muutaadh Tatur'''''<br>
''The Pure Alternating Form''<br>
This form can start with either form and proceeding constituent always alternates form.<br>
'''''Van Jamadh Muutaadh Hauladh Tatur'''''<br>
''The Simple Alternating Symmetric Form''<br>
The first half sets the order for both halves.<br>
'''''Van Tistaadh Hauladh Tatur'''''<br>
''The Pure Symmetric Form''<br>
The first half's order is the opposite of second half.<br>
'''''Van Rotaturadh Tatur'''''<br>
''The Unordered Form''<br>
This form has no set order.<br>
===Vaun Runadh Tatuar je'Usoan===
''The Poetic/Artistic/Passionate Forms and Structures''


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="3"|'''Vaun Uniadh Tatuar'''<br>''The Rhyme/Repetetive/Metered Forms''
!colspan="9"|Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) [Powers of 20]
|-
|-
|Van Jamadh Tatur
! Power !! Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli
|The Simple Form
|AABB
|-
|-
|Van Hauladh Tatur
| 20<sup>0</sup> || 1 || 1 || edu
|The Symmetric Form
|ABBA
|-
|-
|Van Muutadh Tatur
| 20<sup>1</sup> || 20 || 10 || uv
|The Alternating Form
|ABAB
|-
|-
|Van Rohauladh Tautur
| 20<sup>2</sup> || 400 || 100 || sin
|The Assymetric Forms
|ABCB, ABBB, ABBC, ABAC, ABCD, ...
|}
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="3"|'''Voan Runadh Usoan'''<br>''The Poetic Structures''
|-
|-
!'''Haoli Term'''
| 20<sup>3</sup> || 8,000 || 1,000 || biax
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Forms Used in Structure'''
|-
|-
|Von Pitadh je’Rasadh Uson
| 20<sup>4</sup> || 160,000 || 10,000 || nova
|The Modifier Structure
|Pitadh, Rasadh
|-
|-
|Von Iatadh je’Roiatadh Uson
| 20<sup>5</sup> || 3,200,000 || 100,000 || jova
|The Register/Tone/Politeness Structure
|Iatadh, Roiatadh
|-
|-
|Von Muutaadh je’Hauladh Uson
| 20<sup>6</sup> || 64,000,000 || 1,000,000 || sova
|The Symmetry and Alternation Structure
|Muutaadh, Hauladh
|}
|}
=Sample Texts=
=Lexicon=
[[Haoli/Lexicon|Haoli Lexicon]]
{{pri}}[[Category: Haoli]][[Category: Nominative-accusative languages]]
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