Haoli: Difference between revisions

1,344 bytes removed ,  9 February 2021
 
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|region =
|region =
|familycolor=
|familycolor=
|fam1= Proto-Haoli
|fam1= Proto-Xawlih
|fam2= Old Haoli
|fam2= Xawlih
|fam3=  
|fam3=  
|famr= 'Ináwah
|famr= 'Ináwah
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan= "3"|
!colspan= "2"|
!'''Bilabial'''
!'''Bilabial'''
!'''Labiodental'''
!'''Labiodental'''
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!'''Glottal'''
!'''Glottal'''
|-
|-
!rowspan="4"|'''Plosive'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Plosive'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Normal'''
!Voiceless
!voiceless
|'''p''' /p/
|'''p''' /p/
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
!voiced
!Voiced
|
|'''b''' /b/
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''d''' /d/
|colspan="3"|'''d''' /d/
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|
|
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Lengthened'''
!colspan="2"|'''Nasal'''
!voiceless
|'''pp''' /pː/
|
|colspan="3"|'''tt''' /tː/
|
|'''kk''' /kː/
|
|-
!voiced
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''dd''' /dː/
|
|'''gg''' /gː/
|
|-
!colspan="3"|'''Nasal'''
|'''m''' /m/
|'''m''' /m/
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''n''' /n/
|colspan="3"|'''n''' /n/
|'''nj''' /ɲ/
|'''nj''' /ɲ/
|'''nh''' /ŋ/
|'''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Trill'''
!colspan="2"|'''Trill'''
!colspan="2"|'''Normal'''
|
|
|
|
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|-
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Aspirated'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Fricative'''
|
!Voiceless
|
|colspan="3"|'''rh''' /rʰ/
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="6"|'''Fricative'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Normal'''
!voiceless
|
|
|'''f''' /f/
|'''f''' /f/
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|'''c''' /ʃ/
|'''c''' /ʃ/
|
|
|
|'''x''' /x/
|'''h''' /h/
|'''h''' /h/
|-
|-
!voiced
!Voiced
|'''mh''' /β/
|
|
|'''v''' /v/
|'''ð''' /ð/
|'''ð''' /ð/
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Lengthened'''
!colspan="2"|'''Approximant'''
!voiceless
|
|'''ff''' /fː/
|
|'''ss''' /sː/
|
|
|
|
|-
!voiced
|
|'''vv''' /vː/
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
!colspan="2"|'''Aspirated'''
|
|'''vh''' /vʰ/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"|'''Lateral Fricative'''
|
|
|colspan="3"|'''lh''' /ɬ/
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="3"|'''Approximant'''
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
!colspan="3"|'''Lateral Approximant'''
!colspan="2"|'''Lateral Approximant'''
|
|
|
|
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|-
|-
!long
!long
|'''ii''' /iː/
|'''ii''' /iː/
|
|
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Open-Mid'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Open-Mid'''
!short
!short
|'''e''' /ɛ/ '''u''' /œ/
|'''e''' /ɛ/ '''u''' /u/
|'''o''' /ɔ/
|'''o''' /ɔ/
|-
|-
!long
!long
|'''ee''' /ɛː/ '''uu''' /œː/
|'''ee''' /ɛː/ '''uu''' //
|'''oo''' /ɔː/
|'''oo''' /ɔː/
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|'''Open'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Open'''
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|-
|-
!long
!long
|'''aa''' /aː/
|'''aa''' /aː/
|
|
|}
|}
==Phonotactics==


=Orthography=
=Orthography=
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Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the  constituent noun. Haoli has three genders: neuter, feminine, and masculine.
Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the  constituent noun. Haoli has three genders: neuter, feminine, and masculine.
===Plurals===
===Plurals===
Haoli plurals might be formed by suffixes or ablaut.
Haoli plurals are formed by suffixes or ablaut.
 
===Pronouns===
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="7"|Pronouns
|-
!rowspan="2"| Person
|-
!colspan="3"|Singular
!colspan="3"|Plural
|-
!First Person
|colspan="3"|jan
|colspan="3"|bet
|-
!Second Person
|colspan="3"|si
|colspan="3"|al
|-
!Third Person
|veni || vene || vena || venic || venec || venac
|}


===Declension===
===Declension===
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*Subessive
*Subessive


====Temporal Cases====
==Articles==
*Temporal
 
*Temporal-lative
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
*Temporal-hyper-transversive
!colspan="4"|Articles
*Temporal-terminative
|-
*Temporal-hyperbative
!Gender !! Article !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!rowspan="2"|Neuter || Definite
| von || vono
|-
!Indefinite
| lidi ||
|-
!rowspan="2"|Feminine || Definite
| ven || vene
|-
!Indefinite
| lede ||
|-
!rowspan="2"|Masculine || Definite
| vun || vunu
|-
!Indefinite
| lada ||
|}


==Verbs==
==Verbs==
[[Haoli/Verbs|Haoli Verbs]] conjugate for tense and mood.
[[Haoli/Verbs|Haoli Verbs]] conjugate for tense and mood.
===Negation===
Haoli uses the circumposition ''ro '''''VERB''''' an''.
Example:<br>
The flower is not black.<br>
'''''Ro''' eiþi '''an''' asti veti.''
===Tense===
===Tense===
*Present
*Present
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*Opative
*Opative
*Quotative
*Quotative
==Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions==
===Coordinating Conjunctions===
*''jia'' – for
*''je'' – and
*''jue'' – but
*''aja'' – or
*''bo'' - yet
*''isjo'' - so
Examples:<br>
He listened '''and''' pondered.<br>
''Kroai '''je''''ajatoe vena.''<br><br>
===Correlative===
*''ajsi'' – rather than
*''ngo'' - as much as
*''laja'' – just as
*''ghe'' - but also
*''be'' - as
Examples:<br>
He was '''as''' selfless '''as''' the prophet Arin.<br>
''Isatro eiþae vena '''be''''ven felefþen.''<br><br>
==Table of Correlatives==
[[Haoli/Table of Correlatives|Haoli Table of Correlatives]]


=Syntax=
=Syntax=
==Word Order Tatuara==
==Word Order (Taturuc)==
===Sentence Order===
 
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Tatur'''
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Word Order'''
|-
|Van Haulað Tatur
|The Symmetric Form
|V-O-S-CONJ-S-O-V
|-
|Van Isatað Tatur
|The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form
|S-V-O
|-
|Van Roisatað Tatur
|The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polit Form
|O-V-S
|-
|Van Aramaað Tatur
|The Lovely/Romantic Form
|V-O-S
|-
|Van Usonað Tatur
|The Structured/School/Instructive Form
|V-S-O
|}


===Modifier Order===
===Modifier Order===
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!'''Word Order'''
!'''Word Order'''
|-
|-
|Van Pitað Tatur
|Vun Pituð Tatur
|The Elegant Form
|The Elegant Form
|Preceding Modifier
|Preceding Modifier
|-
|-
|Van Rasað Tatur
|Vun Rasuð Tatur
|The Common Form
|The Common Form
|Proceeding Modifier
|Proceeding Modifier
|}
|}


===Sentence Order===
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Tatur'''
!'''English Translation'''
!'''Word Order'''
|-
|Vun Isatuð Tatur
|The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form
|S-V-O
|-
|Vun Roisatuð Tatur
|The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polite Form
|O-V-S
|}


'''The Complex Forms'''
=Numbers=
 
'''''Van Jamað Muutaað Tatur'''''<br>
''Simple Alternating Form''<br>
(V-Adv) (Adj-N) (N-Adj)<br>
*Can start with either Elegant or Common Form
*Modifying constituents always follow Elegant or Common Form exclusively
 
'''''Van Aramaað Muutaað Tatur'''''<br>
''The Romantic Alternating Form''<br>
(V-Adv) (Adj-S) (O-Adj)<br>
*Always begins with Common Form
*Modifying constituents follow their main constituent’s Form
 
'''''Van Tistaað Muutaað Tatur'''''<br>
''The Pure Alternating Form''<br>
This form can start with either form and proceeding constituent always alternates form.<br>
 
'''''Van Jamað Muutaað Haulað Tatur'''''<br>
''The Simple Alternating Symmetric Form''<br>
The first half sets the order for both halves.<br>
 
'''''Van Tistaað Haulað Tatur'''''<br>
''The Pure Symmetric Form''<br>
The first half's order is the opposite of second half.<br>
 
'''''Van Rotaturað Tatur'''''<br>
''The Unordered Form''<br>
This form has no set order.<br>
 
===Vaun Runað Tatuara je'Usonu===
''The Poetic/Artistic/Passionate Forms and Structures''


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="3"|'''Vaun Uniað Tatuara'''<br>''The Rhyme/Repetetive/Metered Forms''
!colspan="9"|Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers)
|-
!colspan="3"|[0-20]
!colspan="3"|[20-40]
!colspan="3"|20's [20-400]
|-
!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli !!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli !!Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli
|-
|0 || 0 || mi || 20 || 10 || uv    || 0 || 0 || mi
|-
|1 || 1 || edu  || 21 || 11 || uvedu || 20 || 10 || uv
|-
|2 || 2 || ket  ||22 || 12 || uvket  || 40 || 20 || ketuv
|-
|3 || 3 || har  ||23 || 13 || uvhar  || 60 || 30 || haruv
|-
|4 || 4 || neg  ||24 || 14 || uvneg  || 80 || 40 || neguv
|-
|5 || 5 || ote  ||25 || 15 || uvote  || 100 || 50 || oteuv
|-
|6 || 6 || vat  ||26 || 16 || uvvat  || 120 || 60 || vatuv
|-
|7 || 7 || jet  ||27 || 17 || uvjet  || 140 || 70 || jetuv
|-
|8 || 8 || njol  ||28 || 18 || uvnjol || 160 || 80 || njoluv
|-
|9 || 9 || reso  ||29 || 19 || uvreso || 180 || 90 || resouv
|-
|10 || A || poi  ||30 || 1A || uvpoi  || 200 || A0 || poiuv
|-
|11 || B || ofu  ||31 || 1B || uvofu  || 220 || B0 || ofuuv
|-
|-
|Van Jamað Tatur
|12 || C || ver  ||32 || 1C || uvver  || 240 || C0 || veruv
|The Simple Form
|AABB
|-
|-
|Van Haulað Tatur
|13 || D || los  ||33 || 1D || uvlos  || 260 || D0 || losuv
|The Symmetric Form
|ABBA
|-
|-
|Van Muutað Tatur
|14 || E || is  ||34 || 1E || uvis  || 280 || E0 || isuv
|The Alternating Form
|ABAB
|-
|-
|Van Rohaulað Tautur
|15 || F || ox  ||35 || 1F || uvox  || 300 || F0 || oxuv
|The Assymetric Forms
|-
|ABCB, ABBB, ABBC, ABAC, ABCD, ...
|16 || G || cic  ||36 || 1G || uvcic  || 320 || G0 || cicuv
|-
|17 || H || tal  ||37 || 1H || uvtal  || 340 || H0 || taluv
|-
|18 || J || af  ||38 || 1J || uvaf  || 360 || J0 || afuv
|-
|19 || K || bona ||39 || 1K || uvbona || 380 || K0 || bonauv
|-
|20 || 10 || uv  ||40 || 20 || ketuv  || 400 || 100 || sin
|}
|}
<br>
 


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!colspan="3"|'''Voan Runað Usonu'''<br>''The Poetic Structures''
!colspan="9"|Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) [Powers of 20]
|-
! Power !! Decimal !! Vigesimal !! Haoli
|-
|-
!'''Haoli Term'''
| 20<sup>0</sup> || 1 || 1 || edu
!'''English Translation'''
|-
!'''Forms Used in Structure'''
| 20<sup>1</sup> || 20 || 10 || uv
|-
| 20<sup>2</sup> || 400 || 100 || sin
|-
| 20<sup>3</sup> || 8,000 || 1,000 || biax
|-
|-
|Von Pitað je’Rasað Uson
| 20<sup>4</sup> || 160,000 || 10,000 || nova
|The Modifier Structure
|Pitað, Rasað
|-
|-
|Von Iatað je’Roiatað Uson
| 20<sup>5</sup> || 3,200,000 || 100,000 || jova
|The Register/Tone/Politeness Structure
|Iatað, Roiatað
|-
|-
|Von Muutaað je’Haulað Uson
| 20<sup>6</sup> || 64,000,000 || 1,000,000 || sova
|The Symmetry and Alternation Structure
|Muutaað, Haulað
|}
|}


=Sample Texts=
=Sample Texts=


==Voan Ðuleað Ghoþa==
=Lexicon=
''The Submission Scriptures''
<br><br>
Voan Ðuleað Ghoþa are the sacred holy scriptures of the Haonai believed to be the verbatim words of their divine creator, Aðhi, given to their prophets over time via supernatural messengers known as Vean Idefþena.
 
'''''Text'''''<br>
Elmunþenað kasia eiþi AÐHI: Farar jue’lipir an: Ven Sarlejþenere je’Von Muutasikroere je’Ven Kokere je’Ven Kokkukere je’Von Resroere je’Ven Pitrhetere je’Von Kujsikroere je’Von Elmunroere je’Von Firinere eiþi ian:
 
Van elmunul kujge van arinhoaere eiþi eduka nagfuge je’risese eduere eless: Kasia van arinhoaese kasake eiþ eless AÐHI: Van arinhoaese eiþ eless eiþi ðule je’eiþi firin je’eiþi eiþ AÐHI-að laþul je’eiþi harge firinað sarere: AÐHI-ere eduka ðuleesse jia’Von Resroere eiþi ian: Ianroere ðuleeg  nho’taturhias AÐHI-ere ðulee eiþi eiþ arinhoaroul:  Ðuleroul eduese ro laþi an AÐHI: Arinhoaroere ðuleroi arinhoa isjo’ðualeroþenere ðuleroi AÐHI: Ianað elmunul AÐHI-ere ro nagfuamen an kasi:
 
'''''Translation'''''<br>
AÐHI is your creator. Quake, but do not fear due to untrust. We are The Giver of Refuge, The Unchanging, The Always, The Everywhere, The Undivided, The Longlasting, The Unformable, The Uncreated, The Truth.
 
To create in the creation is only to see the light and, by it, be moved. AÐHI commands you to be moved by the light. To be moved by the light is ðule and is truth and is to be in the presesnce of AÐHI and is to have real refuge. Submit only to AÐHI for We are The Undivided. To submit to other than We, with the same form as you submit to AÐHI, is to be in the darkness. For one in rejection, AÐHI is not present. light rejects darkness, so AÐHI rejects rejectors. You see not AÐHI in Our creation?
 
==Van Fiað Puf==
''Song of the Trees''
<br/><br/>


'''''Text'''''<br/>
[[Haoli/Lexicon|Haoli Lexicon]]
Van fiað puf<br/>
Enþeroað<br/>
Elmunrotos<br/>
Muutaga<br/>
Ðulees, aramas<br/>
Eiþe tultussu<br/>
Eiþ vehkaassa<br/>
Eiþe puftussu<br/>


'''''Translation'''''<br/>
{{pri}}[[Category: Haoli]][[Category: Nominative-accusative languages]]
Song of the trees<br/>
Not of stillness<br/>
From the creator<br/>
Alternating<br/>
In submission, in love<br/>
Being like the wind<br/>
To be a saint<br/>
Being like the song<br/>
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