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{{Featured | |||
|featured banner=Kās danghāh ester ānki līshahit. Kūki naskō dūmunkō, hardātarī nu ihnāmātaren ātātē danghāhī, esti apēn hōkuahanti kitsi līshahit.}} | |||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = Harākti | |name = Harākti | ||
|nativename = {{cuneiform|𒀀𒇉𒁴}} Harākti | |nativename = {{cuneiform|𒀀𒇉𒁴}}<br/>Harākti | ||
|pronunciation = | |pronunciation = xaˈɾaːkti | ||
| | |setting = Eurasia | ||
|states = | |states = | ||
|nation = | |nation = | ||
Line 9: | Line 11: | ||
|date = 2013 | |date = 2013 | ||
|familycolor = Indo-European | |familycolor = Indo-European | ||
|fam2 = [[w:Anatolian languages|Anatolian]] (?) | |fam2 = [[w:Anatolian languages|Anatolian]] (?) | ||
|ancestor = Old Harākti (?) | |ancestor = Old Harākti (?) | ||
| | |clcr = qhk | ||
| | |script1 = Latn | ||
|script2 = Xsux | |||
| | |||
|agency = | |agency = | ||
|creator = User:Ashucky | |||
}} | }} | ||
Line 215: | Line 216: | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
====Stress==== | |||
Harāki does not have a fixed stress but it is movable. Words are very often stressed on the first syllable. If the word has a -nt- cluster, the stress falls on the syllable preceding the cluster. This applies when conjugating or declining as well. For example, the verb "to be" is usually stressed on the first syllable but the 3rd person plural forms are stressed on the second syllable: ''ésmi'' > ''asánti''. | |||
Stress is usually unmarked in normal writing but it can be indicated to avoid confusion or to explicitly show it. On short vowels it is marked by placing an acute above the letter (á, é, í, ó, ú), on long vowels it can either be an acute above the macron (ā́, ḗ, ī́, ṓ, ū́) or a circumflex above the letter (â, ê, î, ô, û). The latter is often preferred due to coding issues. | |||
===Phonetic changes=== | ===Phonetic changes=== | ||
Line 511: | Line 515: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! d- | ! d- | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒁕}} || {{cuneiform|𒁲}} || {{cuneiform|𒁳}} || {{cuneiform|}} || {{cuneiform|𒁺}} | | {{cuneiform|𒁕}} || {{cuneiform|𒁲}} || {{cuneiform|𒁳}} || {{cuneiform|𒀿}} || {{cuneiform|𒁺}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! g- | ! g- | ||
Line 520: | Line 524: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! h- | ! h- | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒄩}} || {{cuneiform|𒃶}} || {{cuneiform|𒄭}} || {{cuneiform|}} || {{cuneiform|𒄷}} | | {{cuneiform|𒄩}} || {{cuneiform|𒃶}} || {{cuneiform|𒄭}} || {{cuneiform|𒆬}} || {{cuneiform|𒄷}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! k- | ! k- | ||
Line 544: | Line 548: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! t- | ! t- | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒋫}} || {{cuneiform|𒋼}} || {{cuneiform|𒋾}} || {{cuneiform|}} || {{cuneiform|}} | | {{cuneiform|𒋫}} || {{cuneiform|𒋼}} || {{cuneiform|𒋾}} || {{cuneiform|𒌈}} || {{cuneiform|𒌅}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ts- | ! ts- | ||
Line 576: | Line 580: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! -h | ! -h | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒀪}} || {{cuneiform|𒄴}} || {{cuneiform|}} || {{cuneiform|𒌔}} || {{cuneiform|𒄸}} | | {{cuneiform|𒀪}} || {{cuneiform|𒄴}} || {{cuneiform|𒄵}} || {{cuneiform|𒌔}} || {{cuneiform|𒄸}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! -k | ! -k | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒀝}} || {{cuneiform|𒀟}} || {{cuneiform|𒄈}} || {{cuneiform|}} || {{cuneiform|}} | | {{cuneiform|𒀝}} || {{cuneiform|𒀟}} || {{cuneiform|𒄈}} || {{cuneiform|𒌙}} || {{cuneiform|}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! -l | ! -l | ||
Line 585: | Line 589: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! -m | ! -m | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒄠}} || {{cuneiform|}} || {{cuneiform|}} || {{cuneiform|}} || {{cuneiform|𒌝}} | | {{cuneiform|𒄠}} || {{cuneiform|𒁽}} || {{cuneiform|𒅎}} || {{cuneiform|}} || {{cuneiform|𒌝}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! -n | ! -n | ||
Line 591: | Line 595: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! -p | ! -p | ||
| {{cuneiform|𒀊}} || {{cuneiform|𒅁}} || {{cuneiform|}} || {{cuneiform|𒌒}} || {{cuneiform|𒌣}} | | {{cuneiform|𒀊}} || {{cuneiform|𒅁}} || {{cuneiform|𒄾}} || {{cuneiform|𒌒}} || {{cuneiform|𒌣}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! -r | ! -r | ||
Line 612: | Line 616: | ||
Special syllabograms: | Special syllabograms: | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒀁}} - ''ā'', instead of {{cuneiform|𒀀𒀀}} (''a-a'') | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒂍}} - ''ē'', instead of {{cuneiform|𒂊𒂊}} (''e-e'') | * {{cuneiform|𒂍}} - ''ē'', instead of {{cuneiform|𒂊𒂊}} (''e-e'') | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒐊}} - ''ī'', instead of {{cuneiform|𒄿𒄿}} (''i-i'') | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒁴}} - ''tí'', in language names only, remains even when declined | * {{cuneiform|𒁴}} - ''tí'', in language names only, remains even when declined | ||
====Sumerograms and akkadograms==== | ====Sumerograms and akkadograms==== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 700px;" | |||
! List of sumerograms and akkadograms | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒋀}} (ŠEŠ) ''brahtēr'' - brother | * {{cuneiform|𒋀}} (ŠEŠ) ''brahtēr'' - brother | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒊩𒌆}} (NIN) ''suesōr'' - sister | * {{cuneiform|𒊩𒌆}} (NIN) ''suesōr'' - sister | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒂍}} (É) ''parin'' - house | * {{cuneiform|𒂍}} (É) ''parin'' - house | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒀀𒇉}} (ÍD) ''harākah'' - river (also in {{cuneiform|𒀀𒇉𒁴}} ''harākti'' - Harākti; the name of the language) | * {{cuneiform|𒀀𒇉}} (ÍD) ''harākah'' - river (also in {{cuneiform|𒀀𒇉𒁴}} ''harākti'' - Harākti; the name of the language) | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒃲}} (GAL) ''megid'' - big | * {{cuneiform|𒃲}} (GAL) ''megid'' - big; also as ''-enter'' for superlative | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒄭}} (DUG) ''ōsut'' - good; also as ''-entsi'' for comparative | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒌉}} (DUMU) ''sūnu'' - son | * {{cuneiform|𒌉}} (DUMU) ''sūnu'' - son | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒌉𒊩}} (DUMU.MUNUS) ''dugohtēr'' - daughter | * {{cuneiform|𒌉𒊩}} (DUMU.MUNUS) ''dugohtēr'' - daughter | ||
Line 627: | Line 638: | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒌨𒌆}} (UR.GI<sub>7</sub>) ''kuōn'' - dog | * {{cuneiform|𒌨𒌆}} (UR.GI<sub>7</sub>) ''kuōn'' - dog | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒂼}} (AMA) ''mahtēr'', ''ānas'' - mother | * {{cuneiform|𒂼}} (AMA) ''mahtēr'', ''ānas'' - mother | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒋰}} ( | * {{cuneiform|𒋰}} (TAB) ''duā'' - two; ''dūrig'' - second | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒈫}} (MIN) ''tamāt'' - other | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒁹}} (DIŠ) ''sen'' - one; ''senid'' - one | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒆳}} (KUR) ''degōn'' - land, country | * {{cuneiform|𒆳}} (KUR) ''degōn'' - land, country | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒆜}} (KASKAL) ''kēse'' - time | * {{cuneiform|𒆜}} (KASKAL) ''kēse'' - time | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒀭}} (DINGIR)) ''dēva'' - god; also used as a determiner for a deity (precedes the name) | * {{cuneiform|𒀭}} (DINGIR)) ''dēva'' - god; also used as a determiner for a deity (precedes the name) | ||
* {{cuneiform|𒇻}} (UDU) ''hāvi'' - sheep | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒇽𒌷𒇻}} (LÚ.U<sub>19</sub>.LU) ''endūhse'' - human being | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒊮}} (ŠÀ) ''kēr'' - heart | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒅀}} (''YA'') or {{cuneiform|𒄿𒀀}} (''I.A'') ''-mis, -met,'' etc. - my (clitic possessive pronoun) | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒉌}} (''NI'') ''-sis, set,'' etc. - our (clitic possessive pronoun) | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒄭𒀀}} (ḪI.A'') - plural marker with sumerograms or akkadograms | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒂗}} (EN)) or (''BĒLU'') ''asha'' - master, lord | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒌆}} (TÚG) ''lubāru'' - garment, cloth | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒅴}} (EME) ''danghāh'' - language | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒅗}} (INIM) ''ūtar'' - word; also {{cuneiform|𒅗𒋫𒀪}} (DUG<sub>4</sub>-ta-ah) ''mēmēntah'' - talk, talks, discussion | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒄖}} (GU) ''hōku'' - sound, voice | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒂖}} (''ELLU'') ''harauanid, harauan'' - free, freedom | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒍣}} (ZID) ''harad'' - right, correct | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒌀}} (''QĪTU'') ''gōrīd'' - aim, goal, target | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒆐}} (KÀD) ''nāt-'' - un-, non- | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒋾}} (TI) ''hānt'' - end | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒁍}} (GÍD) ''dalāgh'' - long | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒈗}} (LUGAL) ''hansu'' - king, lord | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒉺}} (PA) ''vēt'' - branch | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒄑}} (GIŠ) ''daru'' - tree | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒈦}} (MAŠ) ''hansētar'' - family | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒈦𒅴}} (MAŠ.EME) ''hansīdēku'' - dialect | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒈨}} (ME) ''kanton'' - hundred (100) | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒈬}} (MU) ''uet'' - year | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒋩}} (SUR) ''serān'' - half | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒋃}} (ŠID) ''?'' - count > {{cuneiform|𒋃𒀊𒌋}} (ŠID-ap-u) ''kasāpu'' - estimate, calculation | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒌆𒌅}} (''TĒMU''-tu) - ''malhantu'' - history | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒍪}} (ZU) ''vādatar'' - knowledge | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒊬}} (SAR) ''hatrid'' - written | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒂂}} (DUGUD) ''kabid'' - important | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒍇}} (''QÀL'') ''lenigh'' - light, easy | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒄾}} (HÚL) ''sanentsīatar'' - joy, enjoyment, happiness | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒌣}} (UMÚN) ''mōlu'' - mind, thought; also {{cuneiform|𒌣𒆕}} (UMÚN-ro) ''enaro'' - purpose | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒁶}} (DÍM) ''samnāiatar'' - creating, creation | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒂖𒌀}} (''ELLU.QĪTU'') ''senhaishar'' - try, trying | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒆳𒌣}} (KUR.UMÚN) ''hansīmōlēn'' - culture | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒄙}} (DUR) ''hūmantit'' - all | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒄑𒊬}} (''KIRŪ'') ''kirītu'' - garden | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒁺}} (GUB) ''istahī'' - to stand | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒆳𒀭}} (KUR.DINGIR) ''nēbetar'' - heaven(s) | |||
* {{cuneiform|𒁔}} (SUN<sub>5</sub>) ''genig'' - humble | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | pṓd || pṓdei || pṓdei | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | pṓdī || pṓden || pṓden | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | pṓdē || pṓdēm || pṓdām | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | pṓdān || pṓdei || pṓdan | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | pṓdēn || pṓdi || pṓdi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| | | pṓdai || pṓdate || pṓdat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | pṓdis || pṓdīs || pṓdās | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| | | pṓdet || pṓdeu || pṓdu | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | hā́vi || hā́vei || hā́vēi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | hā́vē || hā́ven || hā́vēn | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | hāvḗiē || hā́vēm || hā́vīm | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | hā́vin || hā́vei || hā́vīn | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | hā́vī || hā́vā || hā́vibi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| | | hā́vai || hā́vate || hā́vat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | hā́vēs || hā́vīs || hā́vās | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| | | hā́vet || hā́veu || hā́vsu | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | áku || ákoi || ákai | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | ákō || ákōn || ákōn | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | ákēi || ákōm || ákōm | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | ákan || ákoi || ákon | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | ákēn || ákī || ákpi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| | | ákai || ákote || ákot | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | ákēt || ákēs || ákōs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| | | ákei || ákū || áksu | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 862: | Line 918: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | harā́kah || harā́kahe || harā́kahei | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | harā́kāh || harā́kahen || harā́kahen | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | harā́kahē || harā́kahēm || harā́kām | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | harā́kan || harā́kahe || harā́kahan | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | harā́kahēn || harā́kahā || harā́kahpi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| | | harā́kaha || harā́kahte || harā́kahat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | harā́kās || harā́kahī || harā́kahām | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| | | harā́kahi || harā́kahū || harā́kahsu | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 922: | Line 978: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | danghā́h || danghā́he || danghā́hei | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | danghā́hī || danghā́hen || danghā́hen | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | danghā́hē || danghā́hēm || danghā́hām | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | danghā́hān || danghā́he || danghā́han | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | danghā́hēn || danghā́hā || danghā́hpi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| | | danghā́ha || danghā́hte || danghā́hat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | danghā́his || danghā́hīs || danghā́hās | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| | | danghā́hi || danghā́hū || danghā́hsu | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 984: | Line 1,040: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | máhtēr || máhtere || máhterē | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | máhtarī || máhtaren || máhtaren | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | máhtarē || máhtarēm || máhtarām | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | máhterān || máhtere || máhtaran | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | máhtarēn || máhtari || máhtarbi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| | | máhtara || máhtarate || máhtarat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | máhtaris || máhtarīs || máhtarā | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| | | máhteri || máhtareu || máhtarsu | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 1,044: | Line 1,100: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | hadḗn || hadéne || hadénē | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | hadánī || hadánen || hadánen | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | hadánē || hadánēm || hadánām | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | hadénān || hadéne || hadánan | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | hadánēn || hadáni || hadánbi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| | | hadána || hadánate || hadánat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | hadánis || hadánīs || hadánā | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| | | hadéni || hadáneu || hadánsu | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 1,106: | Line 1,162: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | dígu || dígue || díguē | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | dígū || díguen || díguen | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | dígē || dígēm || dígām | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | dígūn || dígue || dígun | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | díguēn || dígui || dígubi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| | | dígua || dígute || dígut | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | dígus || dígūs || dígūs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| | | díguet || dígueu || dígusu | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 1,168: | Line 1,224: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | éshar || éshare || éshei | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | ésharī || ésharen || ésharen | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | ésharē || éshēm || éshām | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | éshān || éshare || ésharan | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | éshēn || éshari || éshabi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| | | éshara || éshate || ésharat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | éshis || éshīs || éshās | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| | | ésharet || ésharū || ésharu | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 1,201: | Line 1,257: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | dáru || dáruī || dáruh | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| drēu || | | drēu || dréuen || dréuen | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | dréuē || drēm || drūm | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | dáru || dáruī || dáruh | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| drū || | | drū || dréi || drúbi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| | | dréua || drúte || drut | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | dréis || drīs || drūs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| | | dréui || dréu || drúsu | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;" | ||
Line 1,230: | Line 1,286: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | duér || duéruī || duéruh | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | durḗu || duréuen || duréuen | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | duréuē || dúrēm || dúrūm | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | duér || duéruī || duéruh | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | dúrū || duréi || durúbi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| | | duréua || durúte || dúrut | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | duréis || dúrīs || dúrūs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| | | duréui || duréu || durúsu | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 400px; text-align: center;" | ||
Line 1,259: | Line 1,315: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | dívu || dívuī || dívuh | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | dvḗu || dvéuen || dvéuen | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | dvéuē || dvēm || dvūm | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | dívu || dívuī || dívuh | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| dvū || | | dvū || dvéi || dvúbi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| | | dvéua || dvúte || dvut | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | dvéis || dvīs || dvūs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| | | dvéui || dvéu || dvúsu | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 1,314: | Line 1,370: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| ūga, ūg || || || tuh || || || apa<sup>m</sup>, ape<sup>f</sup>, apā<sup>n</sup> || || apei<sup>m/f</sup>, apai<sup>n</sup> || - | | ūga, ūg || ūē || uē || tuh || īū || iū || apa<sup>m</sup>, ape<sup>f</sup>, apā<sup>n</sup> || epei<sup>m/f</sup>, epoi<sup>n</sup> || apei<sup>m/f</sup>, apai<sup>n</sup> || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| amne; me || || || tūe || || || apē || || apen || | | amne; me || anūon; nuas || anson; nas || tūe; te || ūon; uas || uson; vas || apē || epen || apen || tentse; sē | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| meghi; mi || || || tuebi; tūi || || || apān || || apām || | | meghi; mi || anūān; nuan || ansān; nan || tuebi; tūi, ti || ūān; uan || usān; van || apān || epēm || apām || tentsi; sā | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| amē; mē || || || tuē || || || apēn || || apan || | | amē; mē || anūe; nūs || anse; nās || tuē; tē || ūe; ūs || use; vōs || apēn || epei || apan || tentsē; sē | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| amā || || || tuā || || || apī || || apti || | | amā || anūā || ansā|| tuā || ūā || usā || apī || epti || apti || tentsā | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| amai || || || tuai || || || apāi || || || | | amai || anūai || ansai || tuai || ūai || usai || apāi || epat || apat || tentsai | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| amet || || || tuet || || || apēs || || || | | amet || anūet || anset || tuet || ūet || uset || apēs || epīs || apās || tentset | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| amāt || || || tuāt || || || apāt || || || | | amāt || anūāt || ansāt || tuāt || ūāt || usāt || apāt || epeu || apsu || tentsāt | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 1,341: | Line 1,397: | ||
====Possessive pronouns==== | ====Possessive pronouns==== | ||
Possessive pronouns come in two types: adjectival pronouns and clitic pronouns. | Possessive pronouns come in two types: adjectival pronouns and clitic pronouns. | ||
=====Clitic forms===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 450px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 450px; text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="5" | Clitic possessive pronouns: first person singular | ! colspan="5" | Clitic possessive pronouns: first person singular | ||
Line 1,404: | Line 1,460: | ||
| colspan="2" | -tat || colspan="2" | -tut | | colspan="2" | -tat || colspan="2" | -tut | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 450px; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="5" | Clitic possessive pronouns: first person plural | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: | |||
! colspan=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" style="width: | ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px;" | Case !! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual-plural | ||
! colspan=" | |||
! colspan=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 90px;" | Masc-fem !! style="width: 90px;" | Neuter !! style="width: 90px;" | Masc-fem !! style="width: 90px;" | Neuter | ||
! | |||
! style="width: | |||
! | |||
! style="width: | |||
! | |||
! style="width: | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | -sis || -set || -ses || -set | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | colspan="2" | -sas || colspan="2" | -san | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| āmnē || āmnēiē || āmnē || colspan="2" | āmnēm || āmnōm || āmnām || āmnīm || āmnōm | | colspan="2" | -sit || colspan="2" | -sot | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| āmnes || āmnin || āmnā || colspan="2" | āmnei || āmnoi || āmnei || āmnēi || āmnai | | -san || -set || -sus || -set | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | |||
| colspan="2" | -sit || colspan="2" | -sot | |||
|- | |||
! Allative | |||
| colspan="2" | -set || colspan="2" | -set | |||
|- | |||
! Ablative | |||
| colspan="2" | -sis || colspan="2" | -ses | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| colspan="2" | -sat || colspan="2" | -sut | |||
|} | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 450px; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="5" | Clitic possessive pronouns: second person plural | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px;" | Case !! colspan="2" | Singular !! colspan="2" | Dual-plural | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 90px;" | Masc-fem !! style="width: 90px;" | Neuter !! style="width: 90px;" | Masc-fem !! style="width: 90px;" | Neuter | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| -uis || -uet || -ues || -uet | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| colspan="2" | -uas || colspan="2" | -uan | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| colspan="2" | -uit || colspan="2" | -uot | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| -uan || -uet || -uus (-ūs) || -uet | |||
|- | |||
! Instrumental | |||
| colspan="2" | -uit || colspan="2" | -uot | |||
|- | |||
! Allative | |||
| colspan="2" | -uet || colspan="2" | -uet | |||
|- | |||
! Ablative | |||
| colspan="2" | -uis || colspan="2" | -ues | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| colspan="2" | -uat || colspan="2" | -uut (-ūt) | |||
|} | |||
=====Adjectival forms===== | |||
Adjectival possessive pronouns are declined like adjectives. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 730px; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="10" | Adjectival possessive pronouns: first person singular | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" | Case | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Singular | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Dual | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| āmnes || āmni || āmnā || colspan="2" | āmnei || āmnoi || āmnei || āmnēi || āmnai | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| āmnī || āmnē || āmnō || colspan="2" | āmnen || āmnōn || āmnen || āmnēn || āmnōn | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| āmnē || āmnēiē || āmnē || colspan="2" | āmnēm || āmnōm || āmnām || āmnīm || āmnōm | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| āmnes || āmnin || āmnā || colspan="2" | āmnei || āmnoi || āmnei || āmnēi || āmnai | |||
|- | |||
! Instrumental | |||
| āmnibi || āmnī || āmnibi || āmnī || āmnā || āmnī || colspan="3" | āmnibi | |||
|- | |||
! Allative | |||
| colspan="3" | āmnai || colspan="3" | āmnate || colspan="3" | āmnat | |||
|- | |||
! Ablative | |||
| āmnis || colspan="2" | āmnēs || colspan="3" | āmnīs || colspan="2" | āmnās || āmnōs | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| colspan="2" | āmnet || āmnei || colspan="2" | āmneu || āmnu || colspan="3" | āmnu | |||
|} | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 730px; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="10" | Adjectival possessive pronouns: second person singular | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" | Case | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Singular | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Dual | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| tūes || tūi || tūā || colspan="2" | tūei || tūoi || tūei || tūēi || tūai | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| tūī || tūē || tūō || colspan="2" | tūen || tūōn || tūen || tūēn || tūōn | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| tūē || tūēiē || tūē || colspan="2" | tūēm || tūōm || tūām || tūīm || tūōm | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| tūes ||tūin || tūā || colspan="2" | tūei || tūoi || tūei || tūēi || tūai | |||
|- | |||
! Instrumental | |||
| tūbi || tūī || tūbi || tūī || tūā || tūī || colspan="3" | tūbi | |||
|- | |||
! Allative | |||
| colspan="3" | tūai || colspan="3" | tūate || colspan="3" | tūat | |||
|- | |||
! Ablative | |||
| tūis || colspan="2" | tūēs || colspan="3" | tūīs || colspan="2" | tūās || tūōs | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| colspan="2" | tūet || tūei || colspan="2" | tūeu || tūu || colspan="3" | tūu | |||
|} | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 730px; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="10" | Adjectival possessive pronouns: third person singular | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" | Case | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Singular | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Dual | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| āpes || āpi || āpā || colspan="2" | āpei || āpoi || āpei || āpēi || āpai | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| āpī || āpē || āpō || colspan="2" | āpen || āpōn || āpen || āpēn || āpōn | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| āpē || āpēiē || āpē || colspan="2" | āpēm || āpōm || āpām || āpīm || āpōm | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| āpes || āpin || āpā || colspan="2" | āpei || āpoi || āpei || āpēi || āpai | |||
|- | |||
! Instrumental | |||
| āpebi || āpī || āpebi || āpī || āpā || āpī || colspan="3" | āpebi | |||
|- | |||
! Allative | |||
| colspan="3" | āpai || colspan="3" | āpate || colspan="3" | āpat | |||
|- | |||
! Ablative | |||
| āpis || colspan="2" | āpēs || colspan="3" | āpīs || colspan="2" | āpās || āpōs | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| colspan="2" | āpet || āpei || colspan="2" | āpeu || āpu || colspan="3" | āpu | |||
|} | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 730px; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="10" | Adjectival possessive pronouns: first person dual | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" | Case | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Singular | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Dual | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| ānes || āni || ānā || colspan="2" | ānei || ānoi || ānei || ānēi || ānai | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| ānī || ānē || ānō || colspan="2" | ānen || ānōn || ānen || ānēn || ānōn | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| ānē || ānēiē || ānē || colspan="2" | ānēm || ānōm || ānām || ānīm || ānōm | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| ānes || ānin || ānā || colspan="2" | ānei || ānoi || ānei || ānēi || ānai | |||
|- | |||
! Instrumental | |||
| ānibi || ānī || ānibi || ānī || ānā || ānī || colspan="3" | ānibi | |||
|- | |||
! Allative | |||
| colspan="3" | ānai || colspan="3" | ānate || colspan="3" | ānat | |||
|- | |||
! Ablative | |||
| ānis || colspan="2" | ānēs || colspan="3" | ānīs || colspan="2" | ānās || ānōs | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| colspan="2" | ānet || ānei || colspan="2" | āneu || ānu || colspan="3" | ānu | |||
|} | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 730px; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="10" | Adjectival possessive pronouns: second person dual | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" | Case | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Singular | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Dual | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 210px;" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Masculine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Feminine</small> | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | <small>Neuter</small> | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| ūies || ūī || ūiā || colspan="2" | ūiei || ūioi || ūiei || ūiēi || ūiai | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| ūiī || ūiē || ūiō || colspan="2" | ūsen || ūiōn || ūien || ūiēn || ūiōn | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| ūiē || ūiēiē || ūiē || colspan="2" | ūiēm || ūiōm || ūiām || ūīm || ūiōm | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| ūies || ūīn || ūiā || colspan="2" | ūiei || ūioi || ūiei || ūiēi || ūiai | |||
|- | |||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | ūibi || ūī || ūibi || ūī || ūiā || ūī || colspan="3" | ūibi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| colspan="3" | | | colspan="3" | ūiai || colspan="3" | ūiate || colspan="3" | ūiat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | ūīs || colspan="2" | ūiēs || colspan="3" | ūīs || colspan="2" | ūiās || ūiōs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | ūiet || ūiei || colspan="2" | ūieu || ūiu || colspan="3" | ūiu | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 730px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 730px; text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="10" | Adjectival possessive pronouns: | ! colspan="10" | Adjectival possessive pronouns: first person plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" | Case | ! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" | Case | ||
Line 1,468: | Line 1,754: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | ānses || ānsi || ānsā || colspan="2" | ānsei || ānsoi || ānsei || ānsēi || ānsai | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | ānsī || ānsē || ānsō || colspan="2" | ānsen || ānsōn || ānsen || ānsēn || ānsōn | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | ānsē || ānsēiē || ānsē || colspan="2" | ānsēm || ānsōm || ānsām || ānsīm || ānsōm | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | ānses || ānsin || ānsā || colspan="2" | ānsei || ānsoi || ānsei || ānsēi || ānsai | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | ānsibi || ānsī || ānsibi || ānsī || ānsā || ānsī || colspan="3" | ānsibi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| colspan="3" | | | colspan="3" | ānsai || colspan="3" | ānsate || colspan="3" | ānsat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | ānsis || colspan="2" | ānsēs || colspan="3" | ānsīs || colspan="2" | ānsās || ānsōs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | ānset || ānsei || colspan="2" | ānseu || ānsu || colspan="3" | ānsu | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 730px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 730px; text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="10" | Adjectival possessive pronouns: | ! colspan="10" | Adjectival possessive pronouns: first person plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" | Case | ! rowspan="2" style="width: 100px;" | Case | ||
Line 1,510: | Line 1,796: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| | | ūses || ūsi || ūsā || colspan="2" | ūsei || ūsoi || ūsei || ūsēi || ūsai | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| | | ūsī || ūsē || ūsō || colspan="2" | ūsen || ūsōn || ūsen || ūsēn || ūsōn | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| | | ūsē || ūsēiē || ūsē || colspan="2" | ūsēm || ūsōm || ūsām || ūsīm || ūsōm | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| | | ūses || ūsin || ūsā || colspan="2" | ūsei || ūsoi || ūsei || ūsēi || ūsai | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| | | ūspi || ūsī || ūspi || ūsī || ūsā || ūsī || colspan="3" | ūspi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| colspan="3" | | | colspan="3" | ūsai || colspan="3" | ūsate || colspan="3" | ūsat | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| | | ūsis || colspan="2" | ūsēs || colspan="3" | ūsīs || colspan="2" | ūsās || ūsōs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | ūset || ūsei || colspan="2" | ūseu || ūsu || colspan="3" | ūsu | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 730px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 730px; text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="10" | Adjectival possessive pronouns: third person dual-plural | ! colspan="10" | Adjectival possessive pronouns: third person dual-plural | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
Harākti is a SVO language and in that respect it is different from Hittite or Latin (which are both SOV languages). The language shows its typical word order even in the earliest texts and it appears it became SVO soon after it branched off from Proto-Indo-European. However, due to its morphology, the word order is very free. | |||
Adjectives usually precede the noun. Harākti is also a pro-drop language, so personal pronouns are often omitted. | |||
==Texts== | ==Texts== | ||
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'''External texts:''' | '''External texts:''' | ||
* [[Literature:Schleicher's_fable/Harākti|Schleicher's fable]], titled ''Hāvi nu ākuē''. | |||
* [[First_Linguifex_Relay/Harākti/Cuneiform|Kāni petāhen]] or the ''Song of Birds'', part of the [[First Linguifex Relay]]. | * [[First_Linguifex_Relay/Harākti/Cuneiform|Kāni petāhen]] or the ''Song of Birds'', part of the [[First Linguifex Relay]]. | ||
[[Category:Harākti]][[Category:Languages]][[Category: | [[Category:Harākti]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:A posteriori]] |