Heleasic: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(203 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Unser'' = autonym; ''Sinn'' = here: 'language'; from ''n̓səl̓x-cin'') is a postmodern descendant of [[w:Okanagan_language|Okanagan Salish]], spoken on [[User:IlL/Lõis|Lõis]]. It is inspired by [[Ancient Wiebian]] (a descendant of a Salish-like language).
 
{{Infobox language
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|setting = [[Verse:Lõis|Lõis]]
|nativename = ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ
|pronunciation = /hlizì glɑ̂t/
|region = India
|states =
|speakers = 90 million
|date = 2015
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam1=Indo-European
|fam2=Hellenic
|fam3=Ancient Greek
|script=
}}
 
'''Heleasic''' (natively: ἡ ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ ''ha hlizì gglât'' /hə hlizì glɑ̂t/) is a tonal descendant of Ancient Greek spoken in Lõis's East India, inspired by Khmer, Hebrew and English. It has final stress and 3 tones. The name of the language comes from [[Verse:Lõis/Heleasia|Heleasia]] (Ὲλεασία ''Hiljazía'' /hlizíə/ < PIE *séles-wn-tih₂, ~ Sanskrit ''Sarasvatī''), a mystical river found in L-Ancient Greek legends.
 
Numbers: hɛ́n, tʰŷ, trê, tɪsə́ɹ, pɛ́nt, hɛ́s, hɛ̀ft, oxtɑ́, ɪnêɪ, tʰɛ̂
 
Apology, first sentence:
:/pɑ̂smɪ hɪzê, ɑ̂ ədɪnâɪ əntə̀ɹ, ɪvədɐ̂z hɪvò tɑ̂n kəzɪgorɑ̂nɪm, gɑ́ ù kʰoɹɪz/
:how 2PL.NOM, VOC Athenian.PL man.PL.NOM PRET-be_affected by DEF.PL.GEN accuser-PL.GEN-1SG, 1SG.NOM NEG know.PRES
:''How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I cannot tell...''
:[Ancient Greek: Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα]
 
koɹɪzɑ̀ 'know' is from χωρίζω 'separate, divide, distinguish'
 
==Diachronics==
When should stress shift occur? Only certain endings should drop: (-ος, -α, -ον should drop)
 
πτερόν pterón > πτερ ftèɹ 'wing'
 
ξηρός xērós > ξηρ sʰæ̀ɹ 'dry'
 
θέμα théma > θέμ tʰém 'thing'; pl. θέματα thémata > tʰémàð > θεμᾶτ  tʰɪmâð 'things'


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Same as Standard German, with the addition of '''ŧ''' /!~!ʰ/ and '''đ''' /g!~ŋ!/.
===Consonants===
*Stops: p b ph f v t d th θ ð k g kh x (ʔ)
*Fricatives: s z sh h
*Resonants: m n l r (w)
 
===Vowels===
/ɐ ɛ o ɪ ə ɑ æ e i u y iə uə aɪ eɪ aʊ oʊ əɹ æɹ ɒɹ eɹ iɹ yɹ ʊɹ/
 
Only /ə əɹ o ɪ/ may occur in unstressed syllables.
 
===Tones===
Heleasic has 3 tones: high, low, and falling.
 
===Mutation===
 
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Pronouns===
*1sg: γω ga
*2sg: συ sy
*3sg: τος/τη/το thos/thæ/tho
*4: κειν kheen
*1pl: μεις mees
*2pl: σεις sees
*3pl: τοι thei (common)/τα tha (neuter)
low tone when non-emphatic, high tone when emphatic
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Possessed forms:
====Declension====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
Cases: Nominative and oblique
|-
 
! Person !! Singular !! Plural
Gender and case marked by mutations: e.g. γλῶττ /klɑ̂t/ 'a language (nom)'; ἡ ʰγλῶττ /hə glɑ̂t/ 'the language (nom)'
|-
 
! 1
NOM: ἄνθρωπος > əntɹɑ̂ph; ἄνθρωποι > əntɹophì
|| ''ein-'' || ''ei -t''
 
|-
OBL: ἀνθρώπου > əntɹophù; ἀνθρώπων > əntɹophɑ̂n
! 2
 
|| ''an-'' || ''ei -em''
*nom. ho, hæ (L), to; pl. hei, hei, ta
|-
*obl. tu (L), tē, tu (L), pl. tô (N)
! 3
 
|| ''ei -s'' || ''ei -er''
====Possessive suffixes====
|}
1sg: ''-(e)m''
 
2sg: ''-(e)s''
 
3sg: ''-(e)t''
 
1pl: ''-men''
 
2pl: ''-sen''
 
3pl: ''-ten''
 
===Adjectives===


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
Verbs lost personal inflection but retained many of the Ancient Greek tenses: infinitive, present, imperfect, perfect, future imperfect, future perfect, conditional, conditional perfect, imperative
|+ ''Present tense affixes''
|-
! Person !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1
|| ''-en'' || ''-em''
|-
! 2
|| ''ge-'' || ''be-''
|-
! 3
|| ''Ø'' || ''-er''
|}


==Word list==
Verbs have passive forms, inherited from the Ancient Greek passive -ται and -το.
*1-10 = ''nachs, erel, huss, muss, silst, zechst, sisperk, dims, ard, üferst''
*11, 12, ... = ''nachs kul üfst, ärel kul üfst, ...''
*20 = ''erlst''
*30 = ''hussest''
*40 = ''mussest''
*50 = ''silstest''
*60 = ''zechstest''
*70 = ''sispest''
*80 = ''dimsest''
*90 = ''ardest''
*100 = ''ärsichst''
*salmon = ''Ünte''
*egg = ''Ause''
*water = ''Seusch''
*short = ''zeŧŧeloch''
*black = ''quei''
*what? = ''stimm''
*in, at = ''er''
*name = ''Schwist''
*to work = ''schurm''


==Phrasebook==
*'to instruct': ''phdówin, phdów, ephdów, pephdôwg, phdówz, pephdówks, phdówi, pephdôwgi, phdów!'' /pʰdǒwɪn, pʰdǒw, ʔəpʰdôw, pəpʰdôwg, pʰdǒwz, pəpʰdôwks, pʰdǒwɪ, pəpʰdôwgɪ/
*''Ast Quechst.'' = Good morning
**'to be instructed': ''phdówte, phdówet, ephdówet, pephdôwget, phdówzet, pephdówkset, phdówit, pephdôwgit, phdówet!'' /pʰdǒwtə, pʰdǒwət, ʔəpʰdôwət, pəpʰdôwət, pʰdǒwzət, pəpʰdôwksət, pʰdǒwɪt, pəpʰdôwgɪt/
*''Ast Saruld.'' = Good day.
*''Ast Schnecken.'' = Good evening.
*''Ast Sunker.'' = Good night.
*''Schier Anspaus?'' = How are you?
*''Zei geast?'' = 'Are you well?'
*''Zei hunast.'' = 'I am well.'
*''Stimm Anschwist?'' = 'What is your name?''
*''Einschwist [NAME].'' = 'My name is [NANE].'
*''Wie spinŧe?'' = 'How old are you?'
*''Spinŧen...'' = 'I am ... years old.'


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Hellenic languages]]
[[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Salishan languages]]

Latest revision as of 16:25, 8 February 2020

Heleasic
ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ
Pronunciation[/hlizì glɑ̂t/]
Created byIlL
SettingLõis
Native speakers90 million (2015)
Indo-European
  • Hellenic
    • Ancient Greek
      • Heleasic

Heleasic (natively: ἡ ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ ha hlizì gglât /hə hlizì glɑ̂t/) is a tonal descendant of Ancient Greek spoken in Lõis's East India, inspired by Khmer, Hebrew and English. It has final stress and 3 tones. The name of the language comes from Heleasia (Ὲλεασία Hiljazía /hlizíə/ < PIE *séles-wn-tih₂, ~ Sanskrit Sarasvatī), a mystical river found in L-Ancient Greek legends.

Numbers: hɛ́n, tʰŷ, trê, tɪsə́ɹ, pɛ́nt, hɛ́s, hɛ̀ft, oxtɑ́, ɪnêɪ, tʰɛ̂

Apology, first sentence:

/pɑ̂smɪ hɪzê, ɑ̂ ədɪnâɪ əntə̀ɹ, ɪvədɐ̂z hɪvò tɑ̂n kəzɪgorɑ̂nɪm, gɑ́ ù kʰoɹɪz/
how 2PL.NOM, VOC Athenian.PL man.PL.NOM PRET-be_affected by DEF.PL.GEN accuser-PL.GEN-1SG, 1SG.NOM NEG know.PRES
How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I cannot tell...
[Ancient Greek: Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα]

koɹɪzɑ̀ 'know' is from χωρίζω 'separate, divide, distinguish'

Diachronics

When should stress shift occur? Only certain endings should drop: (-ος, -α, -ον should drop)

πτερόν pterón > πτερ ftèɹ 'wing'

ξηρός xērós > ξηρ sʰæ̀ɹ 'dry'

θέμα théma > θέμ tʰém 'thing'; pl. θέματα thémata > tʰémàð > θεμᾶτ tʰɪmâð 'things'

Phonology

Consonants

  • Stops: p b ph f v t d th θ ð k g kh x (ʔ)
  • Fricatives: s z sh h
  • Resonants: m n l r (w)

Vowels

/ɐ ɛ o ɪ ə ɑ æ e i u y iə uə aɪ eɪ aʊ oʊ əɹ æɹ ɒɹ eɹ iɹ yɹ ʊɹ/

Only /ə əɹ o ɪ/ may occur in unstressed syllables.

Tones

Heleasic has 3 tones: high, low, and falling.

Mutation

Morphology

Pronouns

  • 1sg: γω ga
  • 2sg: συ sy
  • 3sg: τος/τη/το thos/thæ/tho
  • 4: κειν kheen
  • 1pl: μεις mees
  • 2pl: σεις sees
  • 3pl: τοι thei (common)/τα tha (neuter)

low tone when non-emphatic, high tone when emphatic

Nouns

Declension

Cases: Nominative and oblique

Gender and case marked by mutations: e.g. γλῶττ /klɑ̂t/ 'a language (nom)'; ἡ ʰγλῶττ /hə glɑ̂t/ 'the language (nom)'

NOM: ἄνθρωπος > əntɹɑ̂ph; ἄνθρωποι > əntɹophì

OBL: ἀνθρώπου > əntɹophù; ἀνθρώπων > əntɹophɑ̂n

  • nom. ho, hæ (L), to; pl. hei, hei, ta
  • obl. tu (L), tē, tu (L), pl. tô (N)

Possessive suffixes

1sg: -(e)m

2sg: -(e)s

3sg: -(e)t

1pl: -men

2pl: -sen

3pl: -ten

Adjectives

Verbs

Verbs lost personal inflection but retained many of the Ancient Greek tenses: infinitive, present, imperfect, perfect, future imperfect, future perfect, conditional, conditional perfect, imperative

Verbs have passive forms, inherited from the Ancient Greek passive -ται and -το.

  • 'to instruct': phdówin, phdów, ephdów, pephdôwg, phdówz, pephdówks, phdówi, pephdôwgi, phdów! /pʰdǒwɪn, pʰdǒw, ʔəpʰdôw, pəpʰdôwg, pʰdǒwz, pəpʰdôwks, pʰdǒwɪ, pəpʰdôwgɪ/
    • 'to be instructed': phdówte, phdówet, ephdówet, pephdôwget, phdówzet, pephdówkset, phdówit, pephdôwgit, phdówet! /pʰdǒwtə, pʰdǒwət, ʔəpʰdôwət, pəpʰdôwət, pʰdǒwzət, pəpʰdôwksət, pʰdǒwɪt, pəpʰdôwgɪt/
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Heleasic&oldid=184274"