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Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"
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Chrysophylax (talk | contribs) m (Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages") |
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" scope="row"|Approximant | ! colspan="2" scope="row"|Approximant | ||
| colspan="2"|'''''w''' | | colspan="2"|'''''w''' [β̞]'' | ||
| | | | ||
| colspan="2"|'''l''' /l/ | | colspan="2"|'''l''' /l/ | ||
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====Syllabic consonants==== | ====Syllabic consonants==== | ||
/m/ and /l/ have syllabic counterparts '''ḿ''' /m̩/ and '''ĺ''' /l̩/. | /m/ and /l/ have syllabic counterparts '''ḿ''' /m̩/ and '''ĺ''' /l̩/. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
====Short vowels==== | ====Short vowels==== | ||
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!|ai | !|ai | ||
!|au | !|au | ||
!| | !|ài | ||
!| | !|àu | ||
!|ei | !|ei | ||
!|eu | !|eu | ||
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The initial consonant has no restrictions. | The initial consonant has no restrictions. | ||
The following glide can be '''y'''/j/ or '''w'''/ | The following glide can be '''y'''/j/ or '''w'''/β̞/>[w]. | ||
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!|ky | !|ky | ||
|- | |- | ||
|/bj/||/pj/||/ | |/bj/||/pj/||/dβ̞/||/dj/||/tβ̞/||/tj/||/gβ̞/||/gj/||/kβ̞/||/kj/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|jy | !|jy | ||
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!|þy | !|þy | ||
|- | |- | ||
|/dzj/||/ | |/dzj/||/tsβ̞/||/tsj/||/tθβ̞/||/tθj/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|fy | !|fy | ||
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!|xy | !|xy | ||
|- | |- | ||
|/ɸj/||/βj/||/sj/||/zj/||/ | |/ɸj/||/βj/||/sj/||/zj/||/ɬβ̞/||/ɬj/||/xβ̞/||/xj/ [ç]/||/ɣβ̞/||/ɣj/ [ʝ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|mw | !|mw | ||
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!|ŋy | !|ŋy | ||
|- | |- | ||
|/ | |/mβ̞/||/mj/||/nj/||/ŋj/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|lw | !|lw | ||
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|/lw/||/lj/ | |/lw/||/lj/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Nucleus==== | ====Nucleus==== | ||
The nucleus can be any vowel, except for '''iu üa üe üi üö ui''' /iu ya yɛ yi yœ ui/ when the onset consists of an initial consonant and a glide. | The nucleus can be any vowel, except for '''iu üa üe üi üö ui''' /iu ya yɛ yi yœ ui/ when the onset consists of an initial consonant and a glide. | ||
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===Allophony=== | ===Allophony=== | ||
* | *Voiceless plosives are usually unreleased at coda. | ||
*Plosives and affricates are aspirated at onset. | *Plosives and affricates are slightly aspirated at onset. | ||
*'''h''' /x/ is realised as '''[ç]''' before and after /i(:)/, /y(:)/, and before /j/. | *'''h''' /x/ is realised as '''[ç]''' before and after /i(:)/, /y(:)/, and before /j/. | ||
*'''x''' /ɣ/ is realised as '''[ʝ]''' before and after /i(:)/, /y(:)/, before /j/, and '''[ʔ]''' at the end of a syllable. | *'''x''' /ɣ/ is realised as '''[ʝ]''' before and after /i(:)/, /y(:)/, before /j/, and '''[ʔ]''' at the end of a syllable. | ||
*'''w''' /β/ is realised as '''[ | *'''w''' /β/ is realised as '''[β̞]''' as a glide (second consonant) in a syllable. | ||
*'''t''' /t/ are realised as '''[ʔ]''' at the end of a syllable. | *'''t''' /t/ are realised as '''[ʔ]''' at the end of a syllable. | ||
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====Mood==== | ====Mood==== | ||
*'''Potential'''<br>The potential mood marks: | *'''Potential'''<br>The potential mood marks: | ||
**A possibility of the event happening. | **A possibility of the event happening.<br>e.g. Toi isdoup ''obnakyop''. "They ''may'' buy this house." | ||
*'''Permissive'''<br>The permissive mood marks: | *'''Permissive'''<br>The permissive mood marks: | ||
*#Presence of authorisation, permission for the event to happen. | *#Presence of authorisation, permission for the event to happen.<br>e.g. Yu ''iluyá'' dőn. "You are not ''allowed to enter''."<br>e.g. Yu dö''iluyá''. "You are ''allowed'' not ''to enter''." | ||
*#That it is appropriate for the event to happen. | *#That it is appropriate for the event to happen.<br>e.g. Yuba wüof ''emőyá'' etöh. "You ''may'' slowly ''leave'' now." | ||
*'''Abilitative'''<br>The abilitative mood marks: | *'''Abilitative'''<br>The abilitative mood marks: | ||
*#An capability of the event to happen, or the agent to cause the event. | *#An capability of the event to happen, or the agent to cause the event. | ||
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They are endowed with reason and conscience and should treat each other in a spirit of brotherhood. | They are endowed with reason and conscience and should treat each other in a spirit of brotherhood. | ||
====The Tower of Babel (unfinished translation)==== | |||
'''Wes upyeu, u paileyeu löüm fá hwei kyonya sesḿ gün.''' | |||
[βɛsˈupjɛŭ | ʔu ˌpailejɛŭ lœy̆m ˈɸaː xβ̞eĭ kjɔn.ja sezm̩ ɡyn] | |||
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. | |||
'''Tĺbo wakowem þàkfeullespye, i Sináeu uhöl kaisḿ; eno u wekeneu emgeunüm.''' | |||
[tl̩bɔ ˈβakoβɛm ˌtθɜk̚ɸɛulːɛspjɛ | ʔi ˌsinaː.ɛu ˈʔuxœl kaism̩ ‖ ɛnou βɛk̚nɛu ˈ(β̞)ɛmɡɛunym] | |||
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. | |||
'''Yasou tĺbi çamkwel sesḿ: hàgó, sebi xemcó céheno leba ünoibàmetó. Keu tĺbi xemcóhĺ xog, libonĺ guxme lahönüm.''' | |||
[jasou tl̩bi ˈtɬamkβ̞ɛl sezm̩ ‖ xɜˈɡoː | sɛbi ɣɛmˈtsoː ˈtseːxnɔ lɛba ynɔibɜmɛˈtoː ‖ kɛu tl̩bi ɣɛmˈtsoːxl̩ ɣɔɡ | ˈlibɔnl̩ ɡuʔmɛ ˈlax(œ)nym] | |||
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
{{Iaskyon articles}} | {{Iaskyon articles}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
</noinclude> | </noinclude> | ||