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Ithkuil: Difference between revisions
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→Morphophonology
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=== Morphophonology === | === Morphophonology === | ||
Ithkuil words can be divided into just two | Ithkuil words can be divided into just two parts of speech, ''formatives'' and ''adjuncts''. Formatives can function both as nouns and as verbs, derived from the root and depending on the morpho-semantic context.<ref name="morphophonology">[http://ithkuil.net/02_morpho-phonology.html A Philosophical Design for a Hypothetical Language - Chapter 2: Morpho-phonology]</ref> | ||
====Formatives==== | ====Formatives==== | ||
Roots are Ithkuil's most basic semantic units. All Ithkuil formatives are derived from a limited number of roots. Each root consists of a cluster of 1–4 consonants (five-consonant clusters are also available, but remain without an assigned meaning).<ref name="morphophonology"/> The current | Roots are Ithkuil's most basic semantic units. All Ithkuil formatives are derived from a limited number of roots. Each root consists of a cluster of 1–4 consonants (five-consonant clusters are also available, but remain without an assigned meaning).<ref name="morphophonology"/> The current lexicon of Ithkuil can potentially consist of approximately 3,600 word roots.<ref name="morphophonology" /> So far, just over 1000 have been assigned translations.<ref name="lexicon">[http://www.ithkuil.net/lexicon.htm The Lexicon]</ref> From the root, word stems are formed by affixing the vocalic affix that indicates pattern, stem type, and function, and by stressing a particular syllable to indicate informal or formal designation.<ref name="morphophonology" /><ref name="morphology">[http://www.ithkuil.net//03_morphology.html A Philosophical Design for a Hypothetical Language - Chapter 3: Basic Morphology]</ref> | ||
There are three stems associated with each root. Each stem comes in three patterns, one holistic and two complementary ones. Holistic stem 1 typically refers to the most general manifestation of a root, whereas holistic stems 2 and 3 typically refer to more specific manifestations associated with the root. Each holistic stem has two complementary stems associated with it, which refer to the complementary concepts related to the holistic stem.<ref name="morphophonology"/> The specific meaning of complementary stems depends somewhat on the root. These are derived from the word roots by prefixing a vowel or diphthong that also indicates the grammatical category ''function''.<ref name="morphophonology"/> Two examples are given in the tables below: | There are three stems associated with each root. Each stem comes in three patterns, one holistic and two complementary ones. Holistic stem 1 typically refers to the most general manifestation of a root, whereas holistic stems 2 and 3 typically refer to more specific manifestations associated with the root. Each holistic stem has two complementary stems associated with it, which refer to the complementary concepts related to the holistic stem.<ref name="morphophonology"/> The specific meaning of complementary stems depends somewhat on the root. These are derived from the word roots by prefixing a vowel or diphthong that also indicates the grammatical category ''function''.<ref name="morphophonology"/> Two examples are given in the tables below: | ||