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Ithkuil: Difference between revisions
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| region = none | | region = none | ||
| speakers = none | | speakers = none | ||
| familycolor = philosophical language | | familycolor = violet | ||
| fam1 = philosophical language | |||
| creator = John Quijada | | creator = John Quijada | ||
| created = | | created = 1978–2016<!--Refers to development, not actual use--> | ||
| script = [[Logogram|logographic]] | | script = [[Logogram|logographic]] | ||
| iso3 = none | | iso3 = none | ||
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'''[[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]:''' [<span class="IPA">ˈpʊlːˋ ʊˈɪˊqɪʃx ˈmaʔwaʟɡ ɛʁjɑʊfɤˈnɪɛnˉ ˈpæθwɯç aʊˈxɤʔjaɬt xnɛʔwiɬˈtaʔʂʊɪ tʊa kɪt œlːˈaˊ jaˈqazmʊɪv lɪʔjɯɾˈzɪʂkaʔ p’amːˊ aɪlɔˈwɤtʃːa ʃʊʔˈjɛhtaʂ</span><nowiki>]</nowiki> '''[//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Ithkuil_pull_uiqisx.ogg <span style="white-space:initial;">Listen</span>]:''' [[File:Speaker Icon.svg|frameless|10x10px]]]]Ithkuil evolved over 45 years as a linguistic experiment beyond Western Indo-European languages in response to [[w:Linguistic relativity|the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis]] and [[w:Charles J. Fillmore|Charles J. Fillmore]]’s case grammar into "a complex, intricate array of interwoven grammatical concepts [...] inspired by ideas inspired by countless hours studying texts in [[w:theoretical linguistics|theoretical linguistics]], [[w:cognitive grammar|cognitive grammar]], [[w:psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]], [[w:language acquisition|language acquisition]], [[w:linguistic relativity|linguistic relativity]], semantics, semiotics, philosophy, [[w:fuzzy set theory|fuzzy set theory]], and even [[w:Quantum Physics|quantum physics]]. " | '''[[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]:''' [<span class="IPA">ˈpʊlːˋ ʊˈɪˊqɪʃx ˈmaʔwaʟɡ ɛʁjɑʊfɤˈnɪɛnˉ ˈpæθwɯç aʊˈxɤʔjaɬt xnɛʔwiɬˈtaʔʂʊɪ tʊa kɪt œlːˈaˊ jaˈqazmʊɪv lɪʔjɯɾˈzɪʂkaʔ p’amːˊ aɪlɔˈwɤtʃːa ʃʊʔˈjɛhtaʂ</span><nowiki>]</nowiki> '''[//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Ithkuil_pull_uiqisx.ogg <span style="white-space:initial;">Listen</span>]:''' [[File:Speaker Icon.svg|frameless|10x10px]]]]Ithkuil evolved over 45 years as a linguistic experiment beyond Western Indo-European languages in response to [[w:Linguistic relativity|the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis]] and [[w:Charles J. Fillmore|Charles J. Fillmore]]’s case grammar into "a complex, intricate array of interwoven grammatical concepts [...] inspired by ideas inspired by countless hours studying texts in [[w:theoretical linguistics|theoretical linguistics]], [[w:cognitive grammar|cognitive grammar]], [[w:psycholinguistics|psycholinguistics]], [[w:language acquisition|language acquisition]], [[w:linguistic relativity|linguistic relativity]], semantics, semiotics, philosophy, [[w:fuzzy set theory|fuzzy set theory]], and even [[w:Quantum Physics|quantum physics]]. " | ||
For his influences, Quijada cites the obscure "morpho-phonology of [[w:Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] verb complexes, the [[w:Grammatical mood|moods]] of verbs of certain [[w:Indigenous languages of the Americas|American Indian languages]], the [[w:Grammatical aspect|aspectual]] system of [[w:Niger–Kordofanian languages|Niger–Kordofanian languages]], the [[w:Ergative case|nominal]] [[w:Noun case|case systems]] of [[w:Basque language|Basque]] and [[w:Northeast Caucasian languages|Dagestanian languages]], the [[w:enclitic|enclitic]] system of the [[w:Wakashan languages|Wakashan languages]], the positional orientation systems of [[w:Tzeltal language|Tzeltal]] and [[w:Guugu Yimithirr language|Guugu Yimithirr]], the [[w:Semitic root|Semitic triliteral root]] morphology, and the hearsay and possessive categories of [[w:Suzette Elgin|Suzette Elgin]]'s [[Láadan]] language". The writing system's logical design borrows principles from [[w:Ge'ez script|Ethiopic]] and [[w:Brahmi script|Brahmi]] scripts, but employs a unique morpho-phonemic principle.<ref name="intro" /> The script used throughout the Ithkuil grammar bears superficial resemblance to [[w:Hebrew script|Hebrew]] square script and the various [[w:Klingon script|Klingon]] fonts, and Ilaksh has also used a "cartouche script" and a cursive format. Because Ithkuil is designed for users to be precise in their speech, it is quite difficult to express humorous concepts in Ithkuil.<ref> | For his influences, Quijada cites the obscure "morpho-phonology of [[w:Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] verb complexes, the [[w:Grammatical mood|moods]] of verbs of certain [[w:Indigenous languages of the Americas|American Indian languages]], the [[w:Grammatical aspect|aspectual]] system of [[w:Niger–Kordofanian languages|Niger–Kordofanian languages]], the [[w:Ergative case|nominal]] [[w:Noun case|case systems]] of [[w:Basque language|Basque]] and [[w:Northeast Caucasian languages|Dagestanian languages]], the [[w:enclitic|enclitic]] system of the [[w:Wakashan languages|Wakashan languages]], the positional orientation systems of [[w:Tzeltal language|Tzeltal]] and [[w:Guugu Yimithirr language|Guugu Yimithirr]], the [[w:Semitic root|Semitic triliteral root]] morphology, and the hearsay and possessive categories of [[w:Suzette Elgin|Suzette Elgin]]'s [[Láadan]] language". The writing system's logical design borrows principles from [[w:Ge'ez script|Ethiopic]] and [[w:Brahmi script|Brahmi]] scripts, but employs a unique morpho-phonemic principle.<ref name="intro" /> The script used throughout the Ithkuil grammar bears superficial resemblance to [[w:Hebrew script|Hebrew]] square script and the various [[w:Klingon script|Klingon]] fonts, and Ilaksh has also used a "cartouche script" and a cursive format. Because Ithkuil is designed for users to be precise in their speech, it is quite difficult to express humorous concepts in Ithkuil.<ref>[https://www.newyorker.com/cartoons/bob-mankoff/a-l Ça üšlá. ''The New Yorker'', access-date=2018-08-10]</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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The [[w:Linguistic relativity|Sapir–Whorf hypothesis]] postulates that a person's language influences their perceptions and cognitive patterns. Stanislav Kozlovsky proposed<ref name=kozl>(Russian) [http://old.computerra.ru/xterra/205420/ «Скорость мысли», Станислав Козловский] – ''Speed of thought'' by Stanislav Kozlovsky, ''Computerra'', №26–27, June 20, 2004</ref> in the Russian popular-scientific magazine ''Computerra'' that a fluent speaker of Ithkuil, accordingly, would think "about five or six times as fast" as a speaker of a typical natural language. The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis would suggest that, Ithkuil being an extremely precise and [[w:synthetic language|synthetic language]], its speakers would have a more discerning, deeper understanding both of everyday situations and of broader phenomena, and of abstract philosophical categories. | The [[w:Linguistic relativity|Sapir–Whorf hypothesis]] postulates that a person's language influences their perceptions and cognitive patterns. Stanislav Kozlovsky proposed<ref name=kozl>(Russian) [http://old.computerra.ru/xterra/205420/ «Скорость мысли», Станислав Козловский] – ''Speed of thought'' by Stanislav Kozlovsky, ''Computerra'', №26–27, June 20, 2004</ref> in the Russian popular-scientific magazine ''Computerra'' that a fluent speaker of Ithkuil, accordingly, would think "about five or six times as fast" as a speaker of a typical natural language. The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis would suggest that, Ithkuil being an extremely precise and [[w:synthetic language|synthetic language]], its speakers would have a more discerning, deeper understanding both of everyday situations and of broader phenomena, and of abstract philosophical categories. | ||
However, strong forms of the hypothesis, which postulate that language ''determines'' thought and not only influences it, have been disproven within mainstream linguistics.<ref> | However, strong forms of the hypothesis, which postulate that language ''determines'' thought and not only influences it, have been disproven within mainstream linguistics.<ref>[Ahearn, Laura. ''Living language: an introduction to linguistic anthropology'', Wiley Blackwell, Oxford. ISBN 9781405124416. Page 69.]</ref> Moreover, in line with this, Quijada has stated he does not believe a speaker would think necessarily any faster, because even though Ithkuil is terse, a single word requires a lot more thought before it can be spoken than it would in a natural language.<ref name=FAQ>[http://www.ithkuil.net/faqs.html FAQ]</ref> | ||
"For these reasons, I believe use of Ithkuil would probably allow one to think more deeply, critically, and analytically; but think faster? I doubt it." | "For these reasons, I believe use of Ithkuil would probably allow one to think more deeply, critically, and analytically; but think faster? I doubt it." | ||
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* [http://ithkuil-russian.narod.ru/ Information site] (Russian) | * [http://ithkuil-russian.narod.ru/ Information site] (Russian) | ||
[[Category:Fusional languages]] | [[Category:Fusional languages]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Philosophical languages]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Ithkuil]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | |||
[[Category:A priori]] | |||