Kṽarna: Difference between revisions

← Older edit

Kṽarna (view source)

Revision as of 02:30, 20 January 2017

2,441 bytes added , 20 January 2017

m

Text replacement - "Category:Conlangs" to "Category:Languages"

Chrysophylax

Administrators

4,735

edits

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
-== Phonology ==
+= Phonology =
 All vowels can be long. The vowels in paratheses are borrowed from other languages and are not native
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 117: / Line 117: @@
 |r r̥
 |
-|
+|'''
 |
 |
@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 |-
 |Lateral fric.
-|
+|'''
 |
 |
@@ Line 157: / Line 157: @@
-== Ortography ==
+= Ortography =
 Kwarna uses the Latin alphabet with a couple of extensions
-== Grammar ==
+= Grammar =
-=== Pronouns ===
+== Pronouns ==
 {| class="wikitable"
 !English
@@ Line 192: / Line 192: @@
-=== Articles ===
+== Articles ==
 There are no articles in Kwarna. The accusative suffix "-juva" can be used to indicate that you are talking about a specific item
-=== Conjugation ===
+== Conjugation ==
-==== Presens Conjugation ====
+=== Presens Conjugation ===
 ŧağa → to be
 -ğa is the stem of the verb. If the pronouns starts with a vowel (e.g. Ẽo), then the "ğ" stays. For any other case, the "ğa" is removed completly, and the pronoun is added to the remaining verb
@@ Line 202: / Line 202: @@
 ŧağa → ŧa(ğ) → ŧağẽo (I am) → ŧalaña (you are)
-====Past Conjugation====
+===Past Conjugation===
 The past works almost the same as the presens, but instead of adding the pronouns to the stem of the verb, the pronouns are added to the stem of the verb + "gu"
-ŧağa → ŧa- → ŧagu (past stem)
+ŧağa → ŧa- → ŧagu (past stem)<br />
+ŧagṽẽo¹ (I was)<br />
+ŧagulaña (you were)<br />
+¹When the pronoun start with a vowel, the "u" is being replaced with a ṽ
+===Future Conjugation===
+The past works almost the same as the presens, but instead of adding the pronouns to the stem of the verb, the pronouns are added to the stem of the verb + "la"
+ŧağa → ŧa- → ŧala (future stem)<br />
+ŧalağẽo (I will be)<br />
+ŧalalaña (you will be)<br />
+=== Negation ===
+Negation is indicated by a „đa“ directly after the stem of the verb.
+'''I do not like being in school'''<br />
+Ẽojẽo koli gamađağẽo đağa<br />
+Ẽo-jẽo koli gama-đa-ğ-ẽo đa-ğa<br />
+''1SG-ALL school like-NEG-ğ-PRS.1SG be.inside-INF''<br />
+I-to school like-not-I be inside<br />
+Me school not like to be inside<br />
+== To be ==
+he word „to be“ can either be „ŧağa“ or it can be added to the end of a word.
+The endings are as follows:<br />
+{| class="wikitable"
+|I am
+| -dim
+|-
+|You are
+| -deš
+|-
+|He/she/it/ is
+| -duras
+|-
+|We
+| -dimae
+|-
+|You(pl.)
+| -dešae
+|-
+|They
+| -durasae
+|}
+interneŧudim – I am on the internet<br />
+kolitudimae – We are at school<br />
+žafalañamotuduras – He is in your house<br />
+frizørlañamotudeš-mı; - Are you at your barber?<br />
+ŧertadeš-mı; - Where are you?<br />
-ŧagṽẽo¹ (I was)
+===Negation===
+Negation works by adding „ço“ before the form
-ŧagulaña (you were)
+kolitudimae – we are at school <br />
+kolituçodimae – we are not at school<br />
-¹When the pronoun start with a vowel, the "u" is being replaced with a ṽ
-====Future Conjugation====
+====I want to be====
-The past works almost the same as the presens, but instead of adding the pronouns to the stem of the verb, the pronouns are added to the stem of the verb + "la"
+„I want to be“ has its own form, it is formed by using the „to be“ forms + „agura“ (desire)
+Kolitudimagura – I want to be at school<br />
+Kolituçodimagura – I do not want to be at school <br />
+== Prepositions ==
+Prepositions in Kṽarna are either integrated into the verb or are added at the end of a noun.
+ŧağa → to be<br />
+đağa → to be in(side)<br />
+'''Koli đağ-ẽo'''<br />
+''School be.inside-PRS.1SG''<br />
+I am in school<br />
+Otherwise, the prepostions are added to the end of a noun<br />
+{| class="wikitable"
+|Case name
+|Description in English
+|Ending in Kwarna
+|-
+|Allative
+|to (place/person)
+| -ja
+|-
+|Allative
+|to (thing)
+| -jẽo
+|-
+|Genitiv
+|of
+| -mo
+|-
+|Inessive
+|in
+| -tu (ŧu²)
+|-
+|Accusative
+|
+| -juva
+|-
+|Instrumental
+|³
+| ³
+|}
+²If word ends in a "t" (internet), it is replaced with -ŧu (interneŧu)
-ŧağa → ŧa- → ŧala (future stem)
+³Instrumental (with)
-ŧalağẽo (I will be)
+. If last letter consonant: devoice consonant and add “a” <br />
+(a) If consonant has no devoiced part, write consonant twice (lañaler -> lañalerra) <br />
+. If last letter is vowel: replace vowel with “ø”<br />
+. If last vowel is „ø“, „oes“ is used<br />
+. If it is „ẽo“, the form is irregular - kaeftø<br />
-ŧalalaña (you will be)
+Here is an example of a more advanced sentence using „-ja“
-=== Negation ===
+Žafaja halđa milaña-mı; → When are you going to the house?<br />
-To negate a sentence, the prefix nää- is added to the verb. An example: "Ikka nää-wõri" [ɪka nɛ:'wø:ri]= I am not.
+Žafa-ja halđa mi-laña-mı;<br />
+House-ALL when go-PRS.2SG Q?<br />
+(Note: The question mark is a colon in Kṽarna)<br />
-=== Questions ===
+Here is an example of a sentence using the Instrumental case:
-To indicate a question, the word order is changed (like in English) and the suffix -zõ is added onto the verb. An example: Ikka wõri = I am<br/>
-Wõrizõ ikka? [wø:ri'zø: ɪka] = Am I?
-[[Category:Conlangs]]
+lañø zuğẽo, venųğẽomo → I am speaking to you, my friend <br />
+lañ-ø zuğ-ẽo venų-ğẽo-mo <br />
+SG-INS speak-PRS.1SG friend-1SG-GEN<br />
+[[Category:Languages]]
 [[Category:A posteriori]]
 [[Category:Languages]]