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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = Knashta
|name           = Knashta
|nativename = Knašta (Latin) Кнашта (Cyrillic)
|setting        = North America
|pronunciation = ['knæʃta]
|nativename     = Knašta<br />Кнашта
|region = Corstekistan
|pronunciation = 'knæʃta
|minority =
|state          = Corstekistan
|speakers = Unknown
|familycolor   = Indo-Korinthic
|date =
|fam2           = Knashtic
|familycolor = Indo-Korinthic
|creator        = User:Jansky
|fam1 = Indo-Korinthic
|clcr           = qtz
|fam2 = Knashtic
|script1        = Latn
|fam3 =  
|script2        = Cyrl
|map           =  
|dia1          = Flaxilþrand
|mapcaption    =
|iso1 =  
|iso2 =
|iso3 = qtz
|script        = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]], [[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic script]]
}}
}}


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|   
|   
| h
| h
|-
! style="" |Retroflex
|
|
|
| ʐ  ʂ
|
|
| 
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Approximant
! style="" |Approximant
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<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->


===Orthography===
==Orthography==


There are currently two accepted orthographies for Knašta: Latin and Cyrillic.
There are currently two accepted orthographies for Knašta: Latin and Cyrillic.
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===== Digraphs =====
===== Digraphs =====


All dipthongs except for [ɔɪ] are represented by one letter. The letter combination '''oj'' represents [ɔɪ].
All dipthongs except for [ɔɪ] are represented by one letter. The letter combination '''oj''' represents [ɔɪ].


The sounds [ɟ͡ʝ] and [c͡ç] are represented by the digraphs '''tǵ''' and '''tq''' respectively.
The sounds [ɟ͡ʝ] and [c͡ç] are represented by the digraphs '''tǵ''' and '''tq''' respectively
 
The sound [ʝ], normally represented by '''ǵ''', can also be represented by '''lj'''.
 
===== Retroflex Consonants =====
 
The two retroflex consonants [ʂ] and [ʐ] are allophones of [s] and [z] after [r], [ɾ], and [ɹ]. For example, the word '''okorsa''' (of course), is pronounced [okoɾʂa].
 
The appearance of retroflex consonants elsewhere indicates a word that has been borrowed from Mandarin. The digraph '''rs''' is used to represent [ʂ], and '''rz''' is used for [ʐ]. If a vowel appears before rs or rz and the r is to be silent (indicating that the rs or rz is used to indicate only a retroflex consonant), the vowel must have a grave accent placed over it.
 
====== Examples ======
 
'''ỳrzen (爱人）''' [aɪ̯ʐɛn] - lover - the grave accent is necessary to prevent the incorrect pronunciation [aɪ̯ɾʐɛn]
<br/>
'''rsan (山)''' [ʂan] - mountain
<br/>
'''gwòrsangfa (国上法)''' [gʷoʂaŋfa] - constitution


===== The Grave Accent =====
===== The Grave Accent =====
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<br/>
<br/>
<nowiki>***</nowiki>Í also represents other sounds. See [[Knašta/Third I]] for more information.
<nowiki>***</nowiki>Í also represents other sounds. See [[Knašta/Third I]] for more information.


====Cyrillic====
====Cyrillic====
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The letters ''ť'' and ''ď'' have no counterparts in Knašta Cyrillic. Instead, they are represented by a combination of ''т'' for ''ť'' or ''д'' for ''ď'' and a iotified letter (for example the word ''pysťo'' (country) in Knašta Latin is ''пѵстё'' in Knašta Cyrillic).
The letters ''ť'' and ''ď'' have no counterparts in Knašta Cyrillic. Instead, they are represented by a combination of ''т'' for ''ť'' or ''д'' for ''ď'' and a iotified letter (for example the word ''pysťo'' (country) in Knašta Latin is ''пѵстё'' in Knašta Cyrillic).
=== Morphological Aspects ===
While the Knašta orthography strives to be phonetic, it also strives to ensure the regularity of grammar in written language. This means that there are some differences between the written language and the spoken pronunciation with some grammatical affixes.
==== Double Ka ====
If there is a double ''ka'', like in '''parlenskakatsí''' (I speak), then only one ''ka'' is pronounced, and the previous consonant is geminated. For example, '''parlenskakatsí''' is pronounced [paɾlɛnsːkats].
==== Plural Suffix -Sin ====
If the plural suffix '''-sin''' occurs after a polysyllabic word ending in s and a vowel, then the s is geminated and the vowel becomes silent. For example, the word '''klasa''' (class), ends in an s and the vowel ''a''. Its plural form is written '''klasasin''', but is pronounced [klasːɪn].


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
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<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->


Knašta has a SVO (subject-verb-object) word order. It uses subject-verb inversion to mark questions. However, due to the prevalence of the implied agent form, the subject is often null, and questions are only marked by a rise in intonation or the placement of an interrogative pronoun.
Knašta has a default SVO (subject-verb-object) word order. However, in certain clauses as discussed below VSO (verb-subject-object) word order is used. Yes or no questions are marked with the final particle '''或不 (ů ní)''', which literally means "or not".


====Examples of Basic Sentence Order====
====Examples of Basic Sentence Order====


Joj adora vošní.
'''我 爱 你.'''
<br/>
<br/>
I love you (I love you)
I love you (I love you)


Til-tweskava jo.
'''会tweska汝 我.'''
<br/>
<br/>
will-kill.you me (You will kill me)
will-kill.you me (You will kill me)


Ameskanés vošní jo?
'''Ameska你 我 或不?'''
<br/>
<br/>
love you me (Do you love me?)
love.you me or.not (Do you love me?)


Til-metsíkatsa drast?
<br/>
will-get.we that (Are we going to get that?)
Kw'avesknés?
<br/>
what'have.you (What do you have?)


Kwy můsťen fétsanés vošní drast?
'''Kwy 得 做你 那?'''
<br/>
<br/>
why must do you that (Why do you have to do that?)
why must do.you that (Why do you have to do that?)


====Questions====
====Questions====
As stated above, all questions in Knašta use a strict VSO word order. Unlike in English where the verbal phrase is split (example: '''Are''' you '''being''' unkind?), in Knašta the entire verbal phrase remains together:
Ameska minǰeska íl drast?
<br/>
like eat he that (Does he like to eat that?)
Questions are marked with a rise in intonation toward the end of the sentence. This is the only distinguishing factor in some questions that use the implied agent form:
Ameskanés drast?
<br/>
like.you that (Do you like that?)
Ameskanés drast.
<br/>
like.you that (You like that)


Interrogative pronouns come first:
Interrogative pronouns come first:
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====VSO Word Order====
The VSO word order is used in declarative sentences in two cases: if the time or location is specified at the beginning, or after certain conjunctions and prepositions. In many cases, the use of the implied agent form renders this moot, however.
'''明日 会去 我的 moða 在magazatí.'''
<br/>
tomorrow will go my mother to the store. (Tomorrow my mother will go to the store)


'''离2008 了了是 Obama 这leďeska 区汇的.'''
<br/>
from 2008 has been Obama the president of the United States (Obama has been the president of the United States since 2008)


'''他 不能 去 因 了îtérdítsí 他的 moða 他的 去呢.'''
<br/>
he can't go because banned his mother his going (He can't go because he mother forbid him to go)


'''了要我 去， 可 了îdérdítsí 我的 foða 它.'''
<br/>
I wanted to go but banned my father it (I wanted to go, but my father forbid it)


====Adjectives and Adverbs====
====Adjectives and Adverbs====
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==== Relative Clauses ====
==== Relative Clauses ====


Relatives clauses involving drast (this, that), and kí always use the SVO word order:
Relatives clauses involving drast (this, that), and kí (who) always use the SVO word order:


'''Sé ňos kí ǰis dos aržentsísin'''
'''Sé ňos kí ǰis dos aržentsísin'''
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===The North Wind and the Sun===
===The North Wind and the Sun===
 
{{main|Literature:The North Wind and the Sun#Knašta}}
[[File:Sé Sůflatsjon Norð és sé Sol.ogg]]
[[File:Sé Sůflatsjon Norð és sé Sol.ogg]]


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[[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Indo-Korinthic Languages]] [[Category:Knašta]]
[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Indo-Korinthic Languages]] [[Category:Knašta]]
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