Kyrdan Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Proto-Kyrdan and its main descendants. This particular list is based on a 207 word list, although not all original words are present, because Kyrdan speakers were not familiar with some of these terms or concepts and thus their languages lack words for them. Some words were replaced with terminology, familiar to Kyrdan speakers (for example: 56 “leaf” or 57 “root” were replaced with “microbial mat” and “origin”), while other words were simply left out.

No. English Proto-Kyrdan Kirtumur Kērsalur Cirdamur
1 I *qa- ha- ha- a-
2 you (singular) *ā- ō- ā- ā-
3 he i- yi-/ye- xi-
7 this yi- yu- i-
8 that *da ta ta da
9 here niyum yaim xei
10 there *da-im? tam taim dei
11 who *gʷar~kʷar khar khwar gar
12 what *war war war yar
13 where kei war neamasa yarcēm
14 when *kʷim~kʷiŋ khim kwhim giŋ
15 how *kōn khōn khōn kōn
16 not *ma~mi ma~mi mi ma
17 all *andu antu antu andu
18 many *eřku erku išku
19 some
20 few
21 other
22 one
23 two
24 three
25 four
26 five
27 big
28 long
29 wide
30 thick
31 heavy
32 small
33 short
34 narrow
35 thin
36 woman
37 man (adult male)
38 man (human being)
39 child
40 wife
41 husband
42 mother
43 father
44 living
creature
53 pipe
55 seed
capsule
56 archaea
57 origin
58 membrane
60 microbial
mat
61 rope
62 skin
63 flesh
64 blood
65 bone
66 body
67 egg, cyst
69 end
70 cover cap capham ŋic
71 hair
72 head
73 ear
74 eye
75 nose
76 mouth
77 tooth
78 tongue (organ)
79 fingernail
80 foot
81 leg
82 knee
83 hand
84 corner
85 belly
86 guts
87 neck
88 back
89 breast
90 heart
91 liver mupilnu item mupilnu etem sipildamnu idem
92 to drink
93 to eat
94 to bite
95 to suck
inhale
96 to spit
exhale
97 to vomit utitem aneca
98 to blow intu ceiya
99 to breathe ceiya
100 to laugh
101 to see
102 to hear
103 to know
104 to think
105 to smell
106 to fear
107 to sleep
108 to live
109 to die kala
110 to kill tō kala
111 to fight
112 to chase
113 to hit
114 to cut
115 to split
116 to stab
117 to scratch
118 to dig
119 to swim
120 to fly
121 to walk
122 to come
123 to lie (as in a bed)
124 to sit
125 to stand
126 to turn (intransitive)
127 to fall
128 to give
129 to hold
130 to squeeze
131 to rub
132 to wash
133 to wipe
134 to pull
135 to push
136 to throw
137 to tie
138 to sew
139 to count
140 to say
141 to sing
142 to play
143 to float
144 to flow
145 to freeze
146 to swell
147 sun
148 moon
149 star
150 water *wa wa wa ya
151 rain
152 river
153 lake
154 sea
155 salt
156 stone
157 sand
158 dust
159 earth
160 cloud
161 fog
162 sky
163 wind
164 snow
165 ice
166 smoke
167 fire
168 ash
169 to burn
170 road
171 mountain
172 red
173 green
174 yellow
175 white ē
176 black
177 night
178 day
179 year
180 warm
181 cold
182 full
183 new
184 old
185 good
186 bad
187 rotten
188 dirty
189 straight
190 round
191 sharp (as a knife)
192 dull (as a knife)
193 smooth
194 wet
195 dry
196 correct
197 near
198 far
199 right
200 left
201 at
202 in ni- ni-
203 with *-da? -ta
204 and ō kwa ŋa
205 if lē-
206 because *mu mu- mu mu-
207 name *ķal kal kal cal