Lakovic languages

Not to be confused with the Lahob languages.

Lakovic
Created by	–
Geographic distribution	Talma, Bjeheond, Etalocin
Linguistic classification	One of Tricin's primary language families
Proto-language	Proto-Lakovic
Subdivisions	Windermere Western Bjeheondian Tumhanian

The Lakovic languages (/ləˈkoʊvɪk/ luh-KOHV-ik; Eevo: brits Lycóov; Rhythoed: fi imbrits Lăcoaf) are a language family native to Talma.

Todo

Other (short) suffixes?

Phylogeny

• Proto-Lakovic
  • Old Windermere
    • Classical Windermere
      • Modern Windermere
    • a Scots analog
  • Tergetian
  • Ksieħ
  • Western Bjeheondian
    • Tsjoen
    • Häskä
  • Tumhanian
    • Schong

Proto-Lakovic phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Lateral	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/				ŋ /ŋ/
"Stop"	plain	p /p/	t /t/				k /k/	ʔ /ʔ/
	spirant	f /f/	þ /θ/				x /x/
Fricative			s /s̻/	š /s̺/	ś /ɬ/			h /h/
Affricate			c /ts̻/	č /ts̺/	ć /tɬ/
Approximant		w /w/		r /r/	l /l/	y /j/

Vowels

Proto-Lakovic had 6 vowels and register tone:

i ü u e o a = /i y u e o a/

ì ǜ ù è ò à = /i y u e o a/ + breathy voice

Phonotactics

Final consonant clusters were allowed, unlike in Windermere.

Stress

Stress was likely on the final syllable.

Proto-Lakovic morphology

Nouns

• direct case marker: id-
• indirect case marker: how-

Verbs and adjectives

Verbs and adjectives agreed with nouns in gender. For example:

• šmer toʔ = a good man (m);
• ʔama toʔs = a good mother (f)

Gender agreement was lost in most descendants, except in Tergetian and the West Bjeheondian languages.

TODO: triggers, aspects

Numbers

check Æ tone reflexes

• first, breathy voice gives 3/1 vs 2/4 split
• then final consonants and voicing gives various outcomes

Proto-Lakovic	Talman		Western Bjeheondian		Tumhanian
	Windermere Lăcoaf	Tergetian	Tsjoen Tsjoen	Häskä	Schong	Æ
*àtòn "one"	doan		eudun			tů
*raþ "two"	rath		rat			ras
*sciw "three"	stiw		sju			tjůb
*mšàx "four"	smech		mpjeoh		njaa?	njærb
*imǜc "five"	müets		eumjoets			vur
*tax "six"	tach		dah			tars
*àpòþ "seven"	boath		eubut			pob
*słep "eight"	łep		xjep			læ̊g
*ʔlòy "nine"	loay		eoloe			løb
*θaf "ten"	thaf		tav			tås
*suyàw "eleven"	săyew		seojo			søb
*srüx "twelve"	srüch		sryh			rurs

Derivational morphology

• Breathy voice ablaut: nominalization (f)
• pì-~pù- = agentive (m)

Proto-Lakovic syntax

Proto-Lakovic had flexible word order, but the most common word order was VSO.