Lax An: Difference between revisions

The '''Lax-An''' language (LA) is the linguistic reconstruction of the first language spoken by those (Humans) first brought into (the Void). Scholars hypothesize that LA was the result of a merging of Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Afro-Asiatic languages and estimate that it was spoken as a simple language until (year) (era), when the language was split into (Proto-Scholar) and (Proto-Dev-Merc-Polit) due to cultural isolation and exposure to both new cultures and new vocabulary.

PIE is thought to have had a complex system of morphology that included inflections (suffixing of roots, as in who, whom, whose), and ablaut (vowel alterations, as in sing, sang, sung). Nouns used a sophisticated system of declension and verbs used a similarly sophisticated system of conjugation.

There is no written evidence of Proto-Indo-European, so all knowledge of the language is derived by reconstruction from later languages using linguistic techniques such as the comparative method and the method of internal reconstruction.

a six-vowel system which consists of short /a/, /i/, /u/ and long /aa/, /ii/, /uu/;

voiced and voiceless pharyngeal fricatives;

a glottal stop that is used to distinguish word meaning;

a three-way contrast between voiced, voiceless, and emphatic consonants which may be realized as velarized, glottalized, pharyngealized, ejective, orimplosive.

use of semivowels /w/ and /j/ in the role of consonants.

Labiovelar consonants include [kw, gw, xw, ngw] which are pronounced like [k, g, x, ng] but with rounded lips.

Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). They include [k, g, x, ng].

Palatovelar consonants are articulated with the back part of the tongue against the hard palate. They include [k', g', x', ng']. For example, [k'] is pronounced as the k in keen.

| 1 || ama || I || ʾanā || I || me || I

| 2 || atu || you (sing) || atta || you || túh₂ || you

| 3 || hu || he || hú || he || * || *

| 4 || weva || we || nəħna || we || wéy || we

| 5 || uton || you (pl) || attōn || you || yū || you

| 6 || hem || they || hum || they || * || *

| 7 || kad || this || hāðē || this || kod || this

| 9 || una || here || hunā || here || * || *

| 10 || unag || there || hunāka || there || * || *

| 11 || manes || who || mannu || who || kʷis || who

| 12 || mæ || what || mā || what || * || *

| 13 || æge || where || ʾaykā || where || * || *

| 14 || mofæ || when || mâθay || when || * || *

| 15 || ægen || how || ʾaykan || how || * || *

| 17 || dum || all || tVm || all || * || *

| 18 || hal || many || HawVl || many || * || *

| 20 || adat || few || ḫədāṭ || few || * || *

| 21 || ælfre || other || ʾaħér || other || h₂el-yó || other

| 22 || vonu || one, 1 || ʾaħadu || one || (H)óynos || one

| 23 || bwash || two, 2 || baʕiĉ̣ || two || dwóh₁ || two

| 24 || xæyas || three, 3 || šalāš || three || tréyes || three

| 26 || uben || five, 5 || ḫ/ḥup/bin || five || pénkʷe || five

| 27 || kof || big || kabVr || big || * || *

| 28 || lug || long || ĉaʔd || long || dluh₂gʰós || long

| 29 || lefo || wide || rəħub || wide || * || *

| 30 || fen || thick || ʿvīṭā || thick || bʰenǵʰ || thick

| 31 || jalu || heavy || ɣaluč̣ || heavy || gʷer(h₂) || heavy

| 32 || ges || small || kus || small || mey || small

| 33 || regos || short || qâṣâr || short || mreǵʰú || short

| 34 || henga || narrow || qatnu || narrow || h₂enǵʰ || narrow

| 35 || tanus || thin || rVḳ || thin || ténh₂us || thin

| 36 || gamen || female || ʔamin || woman || gʷḗn || woman

| 37 || xero || male || ʒ/ǯa || man || wiHrós || man

| 38 || manica || human being || ga/ič(-aʔ) || human being || mánus || human being

| 39 || pewud || child || w/yVd || child || nepeh₃t || grandson/nephew

| 40 || exo || wife || ʾiššâ || wife || snúsos || daugter-in-law

| 42 || mame || mother || ʔVma || mother || méh₂tēr || mother

| 43 || pape || father || bab || father || ph₂tḗr || father

| 44 || onem || animal || ʕum-ʕam || animal || * || *

| 45 || ku || fish || bus || fish || dʰǵʰu || fish

| 46 || sewa || bird || sabaḥ || bird || h₂éwis || bird

| 48 || nyn || louse || ʔint || louse || knid || louse

| 49 || sefan || snake || sVf || snake || h₂engwi || snake

| 51 || dowu || tree || rVwVy || tree || dóru || tree

| 52 || cur || forest || suʕVr || forest || * || *

| 55 || xel || seed || či/ul || seed || * || *

| 56 || sep || leaf || ĉap || leaf || * || *

| 57 || sera || root || ĉVr || root || wréh₂ds || root

| 59 || umpa || flower || ʔanbab || flower || * || *

| 60 || sæn || grass || sayam || grass || koino || grass

| 61 || sul || rope || sur || rope || * || *

| 62 || ape || skin || ʔad-Vm || skin || pel || skin

| 63 || mex || meat || fVʔ || meat || mēms || meat

| 64 || exa || blood || dam || blood || h₁ésh₂r̥ || blood

| 65 || gas || bone || ḳ(ʷ)as || bone || kost || bone

| 66 || taru || fat || pidar || fat || smeru || fat

| 67 || zaho || egg || sawVḥ || egg || h₂ōwyóm || egg

| 69 || ce || tail || č̣ihr || tail || * || *

| 71 || fol || hair || sVʔVm || hair || pulh₂ || hair

| 74 || æhuk || eye || ʕayVn || eye || h₃ekʷ || eye

| 75 || nyha || nose || naḫVr || nose || hnéh₂s || nose

| 76 || efas || mouth || ʔa-pay || mouth || h₁oh₁s || mouth

| 77 || adus || tooth || kV(ʔ)Vs || tooth || h₃dónts || tooth

| 82 || kena || knee || g(ʷ)inʒ || knee || ǵónu || knee

| 83 || tæpa || hand || ṭapiḥ || hand || man || hand

| 85 || hudu || belly || hun || belly || udero || belly

| 86 || yta || guts || * || * || eh₁ter || guts

| 88 || ya || back || yiʔ || back || * || *

| 90 || kyl || heart || li/ubb || heart || ḱḗr || heart

| 91 || ehywa || liver || tiraw/ʔ || liver || yeh₁kwr̥ || liver

| 93 || ed || eat || birVh || eat || h₁ed || to eat

| 94 || kek || bite || ḳVḳ || bite || denḱ || to bite

| 96 || pyx || spit || pičw || to spit || sp(y)eu || to spit

| 97 || gen || vomit || ḳ(ʷ)VʔVʕ || vomit || wem || to vomit

| 98 || sewe || blow || fiwaq || blow || weh₁ || to blow

| 99 || nuse || breathe || nVsVp || breathe || pneu || to breathe

| 102 || glu || hear || * || * || ḱlew || to hear

| 103 || ewa || know || siwan || know || ǵneh₃ || to know

| 105 || senæ || smell || sVn || smell || h₃ed || to smell

| 106 || fure || fear || furVh || fear || * || *

| 108 || gew || live || gir || live || gʷeiH₃w || to live

| 110 || ken || kill || ɣVwar || kill || gʷʰen || to kill

| 112 || xohe || hunt || c̣ayad || hunt || * || *

| 113 || ple || hit || nig(ʕ) || strike || pleh₂k || to hit

| 115 || fedak || split || fVṭVḳ || split || * || *

| 118 || hot || dig || hut || dig || * || *

| 119 || nehu || swim || nVbVy || swim || néh₂-u || to swim

| 120 || per || fly || pVr || fly || pet || to fly

| 122 || jam || come || may || come || gʷem || to come

| 123 || lek || lie || * || * || legʰ || to lie

| 124 || sdes || sit || tis || sit || sed || to sit

| 126 || han || turn || ʕVn || turn || * || *

| 127 || de || fall || diḥ || fall || * || *

| 128 || bela || give || barVʕ || give || deh₃ || to give

| 129 || sek || hold || kum || hold || segʰ || to hold

| 131 || male || rub || ʕVruk || rub || melh₁ || to rub

| 132 || lew || wash || waʕab || wash || leh₂w || to wash

| 133 || fet || wipe || fVtt || wipe || * || *

| 135 || tu || push || tur || push || * || *

| 136 || fep || throw || ĉVl || throw || swep || to throw

| 137 || kanu || tie || ḳanVw || tie || * || *

| 138 || syhup || sew || ʕVḳVp || sew || syuh₁ || to sew

| 139 || ud || count || ʕud || count || * || *

| 142 || reh || play || riw || play || * || *

| 143 || daf || float || ṭaf || float || * || *

| 145 || gerex || freeze || ḳVrVs || freeze || * || *

| 146 || ba || swell || bVʕ || swell || * || *

| 148 || mehyn || moon || ḳiḥ || moon || mḗh₁n̥s || moon

| 149 || estyr || star || suhw || star || h₂stḗr || star

| 151 || mun || rain || buʕun || rain || h₂ekmon || rain

| 152 || ekæ || river || siw/ʔVn || river || h₂ekw-eh₂ || river

| 153 || hep || lake || wVʕVr || lake || h₂ep || lake

| 154 || eam || sea || yam || sea || * || *

| 155 || ham || salt || ḥamʕ/ʔ || salt || sal || salt

| 158 || fæ || dust || fay/ʔ || sand || pers || dust

| 159 || aric || earth || ʔariĉ̣ || earth || dʰéǵʰōm || earth

| 160 || næbo || cloud || ɣay/wb || cloud || nébʰos || cloud

| 161 || snuf || fog || luf || fog || sneudh || fog

| 163 || sawa || wind || sa(w/yV)ḥ || wind || ḱewero || wind

| 164 || sne || snow || * || * || sneigwh || snow

| 165 || ek || ice || * || * || yeg || ice

| 167 || jer || fire || gir || fire || h₁égnis || fire

| 168 || jur || ash || gur || ash || h₃és-i || ash

| 169 || yr || burn || ʔu/ir || burn || swel || to burn

| 171 || wur || mountain || ḫurs || mountain || gʷerh₃ || mountain

| 173 || ureg || green || wVraḳ || green || * || *

| 176 || cem || black || č̣ilam || black || h₂ems || black

| 177 || nake || night || naw/yn || night || nókʷts || night

| 178 || era || day || hVraw/y || day || h₂eǵh || day

| 180 || sers || warm || sirVf || warm || tep || warm

| 181 || juwa || cold || ḥVwas || cold || gel || cold

| 182 || uro || full || ḫVr || full || pl̥h₁nós || full

| 183 || mæho || new || may/ʔ || new || néwos || new

| 184 || hasen || old || yas || old || senh₁ó || old

| 188 || sud || dirty || suʔit || be dirty || * || *

| 189 || ysar || straight || yasar || straight || * || *

| 191 || zed || sharp || ħadd || sharp || h₂eḱ || sharp

| 193 || elak || smooth || ḥalaḳ || be smooth || * || *

| 194 || eda || wet || daʔ || wet || wed || wet

| 195 || tuz || dry || kVʒ || dry || ters || dry

| 197 || kærf || near || qâróv || near || * || *

| 198 || we || far || way || far || wi || far

| 199 || delum || right || walyam || right || deḱs || right

| 200 || xewas || left || šimāl || left || sewyós || left

| 201 || apy || at || ba || at || opi || at

| 202 || pen || in || bi || in || (h₁?)en || in

| 203 || be || with || bi || with || pe || with

| 204 || kwa || and || wa || and || kʷe || and

| 206 || bedal || because || biğlal || because || * || *

| 207 || xynam || name || sim || name || h₁nómn̥ || name

| * || an || ancestor || * || * || h₂en- || ancestor

| * || dedar || brother || di/ad || brother || bʰréh₂tēr || brother

| * || sesar || sister || si/ut || sister || swésōr || sister

| * || zanu || son || ʒ/ǯaʔ || son || suHnús || son

| * || date || daughter || si/ut || daughter || dʰugh₂tḗr || daughter

[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A posteriori]]