Naeng/Accents: Difference between revisions

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==Comparison==
==Cualand Windermere==
:'''''Mi ngith doan chea chmi dur es tach imchäth mis mogor litheath. Fi Pida Brăwied chea sray bintăbiets: "Łănam mot mea ra hăngüs?"'''''
:Std. Talman: [mi ŋiθ toən xeə xmi tur es tʰax imˈxeð mis moˈgor ɴ̆iˈðeəð ‖ fi pʰida pɾəˈwiːət xeə sr̥aj pintʰəˈbiəts || ɬəˈnam mot meə ra (h)əŋyz?]
:Std. Bjeheondian: [mi ŋið duən xiə xmi duɐ ʔes t⁼ax ʔimxɜð miz moˈgɔɐ liðiəð ‖ vi p⁼ida bʁəwiːd xiə zʁaj bint⁼əˈbiːts | ɬəˈnam mot miə ʁa (h)əŋʏz?]


:'''''Swe chea chmi chnung e müets imchäth hăsüs, se doan chäth chea plawăsma: "Șrüch stiw! Ruay mi tsum immognas tach dunse, immălin thaf müets, imchustiw liew, imchusmäch thaf müets, imchumüets tach, te doan imchutach."'''''
Partially creolized; broader Cualand dialects use ''runse, rumfi'' for 1st and 2nd person pronouns
:Std. Talman:
:Std. Bjeheondian: [zwe xiə xmi xnʊŋ ʔɛ myːts ʔimˈxɜð həzʏz ze duən xɛð xiə plawəzma | ʃʁʏyx stiw ‖ ʀuːj mi tsʊm ʔimogˈnaz tax dʊnze | ʔiməˈlin ðav myːts | ʔimxʊstiw liːw | ʔimxʊsmɛɣ ðaː myːts | ʔimxʊmyːts tax | te duən ʔimxutax]


:'''''Prăyon nga fi Pida Brăwied chea tăbiets: "Wăhang, hos ruay mea ra hăngüs, srüe placäp e do croth hiboath șaf ti'uar?"'''''
the construct state suffix is optional ''bălang'' (from English "belong"); in casual speech it may be shortened to ''lang'', ''la'' or even ''plang'', which is the subject of a common folk etymology
:Std. Talman:
:Std. Bjeheondian: [pʁəˈjon ŋa vi piˈda bʁəwiːd xiə təbiːts | wəhaŋ hos ʁuːj miə ʁa həŋʏyz, zʁyː pləkɛp ʔe do kʁoð ibuəθ ʃaf tiʔuɐ]


:'''''Ăfifay chea că'aw e fid: "Lea sed die placănărnga, fi Pida? Bang ruay tsor ti'uar palüc, sach se făbeang imti'uar nătha yaf croth mălem!"'''''
*Fi chum bălang runse Lămanoa - My name is Lămanoa (c.f. Bislama ''Nem blong mi Lămanoa'')
:Std. Talman:
**Might also be ''Fi chum runse Lămanoa''
:Std. Bjeheondian: [ʔəvivaj xiə kəʔaw ʔe vid | liə zed diː pləkənɐŋa, vi pida ‖ baŋ ʁuːj tsɔɐ tiʔuɐ palʏk, zaɣze vəbiəŋ ʔimtiʔuɐ nəða jaf kʁoð məlem]
*tar bălang trun - library (though tar trun is also used)


:'''''"Fi Pida chea sngiem șaf chäth mi ngil, "Fi chäth se eth ruay hăltsrüeng te thăpal fănaw."'''''
== Anbirese Windermere ==
:Std. Talman:
MidWdm mapped to Middle Anbirese thru MidAnb -> ModAnb sound changes; breathy voice -> low tone
:Std. Bjeheondian: [vi pida xiə zŋiːm ʃaf xɜð mi ŋil, vi xɜð ze ʔeð ʁuːj həltsʁyːŋ te ðəpal vənaw]


===Sandbox===
== Nurian Windermere ==
TODO: use the vowel shifts for Eevo?
A reading tradition used in Bjeheond. It's largely because of Nurian that Modern Windermere has so many vowels.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial<br/>''mofăsing''
!  |Alveolar<br/>''mosăbies''
!  |Lateral<br/>''molăgoan''
!  |Palatal<br/>''moyăclech''
!  |Velar<br/>''moscong''
!  |Glottal<br/>''motășac''
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal<br/>''mocră'i''
| '''m''' -> ''m''
| '''n''' -> ''n''
|
|
| '''ng''' -> ''ng''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive<br/>''bintăptep''
! |<small>voiced<br/>''yătger''</small>
| '''b''' -> ''b''
| '''d''' -> ''ď''
|
|
| '''g''' -> ''g''
|
|-
! |<small>voiceless<br/>''chatger''</small>
| '''p''' -> ''p''
| '''t''' -> ''t''
|
|
| '''c''' -> ''k''
| <b>'</b> -> ''q'' (glottal stop)
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate<br/>''bintsăda''
|
| '''ts''' -> ''c''
| '''tł''' -> ''c&#775;''
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative<br/>''binchlas''
! |<small>spirant<br/>''binthăre''</small>
| '''f''' -> ''v''
| '''th''' -> ''đ''
|
|
| '''ch''' -> ''ch''
|
|-
! |<small>nonspirant <br/>''binsăreaf''</small>
|
| '''s''' -> ''z''
| '''ł''' -> ''th''
| '''ș''' -> ''ż''
|
| '''h''' -> ''h''
|-
! colspan="2" |Resonant<br/>''binnădüeng''
| '''w''' -> ''w''
|
| '''l''' -> ''l''
| '''y''' -> ''j''
| '''r''' -> ''r''
|
|}


Standard Pategian (Tamrona): /vny:t taʊ, vi tsu:m rɪ mɔt eɪmi wɔ:kər, rɪ ɬɛ:f lɪ:w møyts taɪ rɪ draɪl vɑ tɑ:mraʊnɑ:/
'''a e i o u ü aa ee ii oo uu yy ă''' -> MidWdm ɑ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ ʏ æ e i o u y ə -> ā e i o u ēo ēa ē ī ō ū īe (schwa)


Standard Bjeheondian (Sănach): /vnʊɪt taɔ, vi tsu:m rɪ mɔt ɪ:mi wɔ:kər, rɪ ɬə:f lɪ:w mø:ts tae rɪ drael vɑ sənɑ:x/
== Netagin Windermere ==
A reading tradition used in Tumhan
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial<br/>''mofăsing''
!  |Alveolar<br/>''mosăbies''
!  |Lateral<br/>''molăgoan''
!  |Palatal<br/>''moyăclech''
!  |Velar<br/>''moscong''
!  |Glottal<br/>''motășac''
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal<br/>''mocră'i''
| '''m''' -> ''m''
| '''n''' -> ''n''
|
|
| '''ng''' -> ''ng''
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive<br/>''bintăptep''
! |<small>voiced<br/>''yătger''</small>
| '''b''' -> ''b''
| '''d''' -> ''ď''
|
|
| '''g''' -> ''h''
|
|-
! |<small>voiceless<br/>''chatger''</small>
| '''p''' -> ''p''
| '''t''' -> ''ť''
|
|
| '''c''' -> ''k''
| <b>'</b> -> ''q''
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate<br/>''bintsăda''
|
| '''ts''' -> ''ć''
| '''tł''' -> ''c''
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative<br/>''binchlas''
! |<small>spirant<br/>''binthăre''</small>
| '''f''' -> ''v''
| '''th''' -> ''d''
|
|
| '''ch''' -> ''x''
|
|-
! |<small>nonspirant <br/>''binsăreaf''</small>
|
| '''s''' -> ''ź''
| '''ł''' -> ''z''
| '''ș''' -> ''ś''
|
| '''h''' -> ''h''
|-
! colspan="2" |Resonant<br/>''binnădüeng''
| '''w''' -> ''w''
|
| '''l''' -> ''l''
| '''y''' -> ''j''
| '''r''' -> ''r''
|
|}


Wiebian: /vnoɪt taɔ, vi tsu:m ʀɪ mɔt ɪ:mi wɔ:kəʀ, ʀɪ ɬə:f lɪ:w mø:ts tae ʀɪ dʀael vɑ wɪ:p/
'''a e i o u ü aa ee ii oo uu yy ă''' -> MidWdm ɑ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ ʏ æ e i o u y ə -> a e ie o ů u e ė i o ů u ă
 
Theater pronunciation: /vny:t təʊ, vi tsu:m riə mɔt iəmi woəkər, riə ɬə:f liəw myəts təi riə [???]/
 
Bălang:
 
Euldondjama:
 
==Bjeheondian accents==
Bjeheondian accents tend to have more conservative consonants but less conservative vowels.
 
Voiceless stops /p t k/ are usually unaspirated [p⁼ t⁼ k⁼] in Bjeheondian accents. Voiced stops /b d g/ are fully voiced. Front fricatives /f θ s/ are by default voiced [v ð z]; they only devoice to [f θ s] when followed by an "inherently voiceless" consonant, i.e. one of /p t k ts x h ʔ/. (Thus obstruent voicing assimilation can be said to work like in Slavic languages or Israeli Hebrew.)
===Standard USB===
/əm ən əl ər/ become [m̩ n̩ l̩ ɐ] in closed unstressed syllables.
 
Standard Bjeheondian Windermere keeps ''ä'' as a separate vowel /ɐ~ɜ/ except before ''r''.
 
/r/ is uvular [ʁ] and vocalizes when not before a vowel, as follows:
*''ar'' = ''är'' → [aɐ~a]
*''er'' → [ɛɐ]
*''ear'' → [eɐ]
*''or'' → [ɔɐ]
*''oar'' → [oɐ]
*''ir'' = ''ier'' → [iɐ]
*''ür'' = ''üer'' → [yɐ]
*''ur'' = ''uar'' → [uɐ]
 
Vocalization of R has caused a chain vowel shift:
*''ie üe ue ea oa'' > [ɪ ø ʊ ɛ̝ ɔ̝]
*''i u e o'' > [əɪ əʊ ae ao]
*''a ä'' > [ɒ̝ æ̝] (like Hungarian ''a e'')
 
The intonation is like Israeli Hebrew except it's stress-timed.
 
===Fincreaș===
Classical Windermere ''tł'' stays distinct unlike in other dialects.
===Broad Fincreaș===
===Wieb===
The Wiebian accent is the source of the change of /r/ to uvular [ʀ] in Bjeheondian (cf. Phnom Penh Khmer and Israeli Hebrew).
 
Other Bjeheondian accents are shifting towards the Wieb accent.
 
===Tsăloș===
Ä is like /e/
 
Ü is exolabial like swedish
 
While u is endolabial
 
And ü is typically a monophthong while i is between /i:/ and /əi/
 
Ea, ie, oa and ua are lax
===Tumhanian accent===
/fi pɻits̠ tə'mɛː ja ŋɔs̠'ɻɛːx ɬəu/ Fi brits Dămea ya ngothreach Ław
 
==Talman Windermere==
===General Wen Dămea accent===
*''ä'' merges with ''e'' and both are pronounced [e].
*Merged high vowels before /r/ are as follows:
**ir = ier = [iər]
**ür = üer = [yər]
**ur = uar = [uər]
*/l/ is vocalized to [ɤ̯ˤ] and becomes [χˤ] after aspirated consonants.
**/el ol il yl ul eəl oəl iəl yəl uəl/ = [ɛɤ̯ˤ ɔɤ̯ˤ ɪɤ̯ˤ ʏɤ̯ˤ ʊɤ̯ˤ eːɤ̯ˤ oːɤ̯ˤ iːɤ̯ˤ yːɤ̯ˤ uːɤ̯ˤ]
*/p t k/ are aspirated unless after a fricative, and /ə/ is deleted after aspirated consonants.
*Stressed vowels are lengthened in final open syllables and before /m n ŋ r b d g f~v θ~ð/. This is how final voiced and voiceless stops are distinguished.
**TODO table: Canadian raising-like effects:
**''i'': long: [i:] ~ short: [ɪ]
**''ie'': long: [iə] ~ short: [jə]
*/f θ s/ are voiced after vowels to [v ð z], unless a voiceless consonant follows in sandhi.
===Diglossia===
Windermere spoken in former Imperial Windermere territory) is diglossic: Modern Windermere is more of a lingua franca between people who natively speak various descendants of [[Classical Windermere]], in contrast to Classical Windermere, which is used in Mărotlite liturgy, literature, and newscasting.


== Palkhan Windermere ==
[[Category:Windermere]]
[[Category:Windermere]]

Latest revision as of 09:29, 11 October 2022

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Cualand Windermere

Partially creolized; broader Cualand dialects use runse, rumfi for 1st and 2nd person pronouns

the construct state suffix is optional bălang (from English "belong"); in casual speech it may be shortened to lang, la or even plang, which is the subject of a common folk etymology

  • Fi chum bălang runse Lămanoa - My name is Lămanoa (c.f. Bislama Nem blong mi Lămanoa)
    • Might also be Fi chum runse Lămanoa
  • tar bălang trun - library (though tar trun is also used)

Anbirese Windermere

MidWdm mapped to Middle Anbirese thru MidAnb -> ModAnb sound changes; breathy voice -> low tone

Nurian Windermere

A reading tradition used in Bjeheond. It's largely because of Nurian that Modern Windermere has so many vowels.

Labial
mofăsing 		Alveolar
mosăbies 		Lateral
molăgoan 		Palatal
moyăclech 		Velar
moscong 		Glottal
motășac
Nasal
mocră'i 		m -> m n -> n ng -> ng
Plosive
bintăptep 		voiced
yătger 		b -> b d -> ď g -> g
voiceless
chatger 		p -> p t -> t c -> k ' -> q (glottal stop)
Affricate
bintsăda 		ts -> c tł -> ċ
Fricative
binchlas 		spirant
binthăre 		f -> v th -> đ ch -> ch
nonspirant
binsăreaf 		s -> z ł -> th ș -> ż h -> h
Resonant
binnădüeng 		w -> w l -> l y -> j r -> r

a e i o u ü aa ee ii oo uu yy ă -> MidWdm ɑ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ ʏ æ e i o u y ə -> ā e i o u ēo ēa ē ī ō ū īe (schwa)

Netagin Windermere

A reading tradition used in Tumhan

Labial
mofăsing 		Alveolar
mosăbies 		Lateral
molăgoan 		Palatal
moyăclech 		Velar
moscong 		Glottal
motășac
Nasal
mocră'i 		m -> m n -> n ng -> ng
Plosive
bintăptep 		voiced
yătger 		b -> b d -> ď g -> h
voiceless
chatger 		p -> p t -> ť c -> k ' -> q
Affricate
bintsăda 		ts -> ć tł -> c
Fricative
binchlas 		spirant
binthăre 		f -> v th -> d ch -> x
nonspirant
binsăreaf 		s -> ź ł -> z ș -> ś h -> h
Resonant
binnădüeng 		w -> w l -> l y -> j r -> r

a e i o u ü aa ee ii oo uu yy ă -> MidWdm ɑ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ ʏ æ e i o u y ə -> a e ie o ů u e ė i o ů u ă

Palkhan Windermere

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