Naengic languages: Difference between revisions

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The '''Ashanic languages''' form a subbranch of the [[Lakovic languages]]. It includes some of the most spoken Lakovic languages, such as [[Windermere]]. It is characterized by the Ashanic Chain Vowel Shift:
The '''Naengic languages''' form a subbranch of the [[Lakovic languages]], including forms of [[Naeng]] and the vernacular [[Tergetian]] languages. It is characterized by some shared innovations:
#PLak *ä > a
#The Naengic Vowel Shift: A chain vowel shift ä > a > o > u > ü. Exception: -aʔ became -a, not -o.
#PLak *a > o
#Shift to strong final stress.
#PLak *o > u
#An associative plural *φam which could be used after a noun.
#PLak *u > y.
#A 4-tense system of past, present, future and imperative/subjunctive.
==Proto-Ashanic phonology==
#A full set of personal pronouns, with an associative plural suffix in the 2nd and 3rd person plural and a grammaticalization of ''*tʔej sa'' 'this side' for 1st person plural exclusive.
#Retains preposed possessive pronouns. (Classical Windermere had those.)
 
PLak φetn Xtar > *hìnθar > inθar by Grassmann
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
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==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Both the trigger system, gender, and TAM were still productive. Windermere and Ciêng both fossilized all of this morphology, but in a different order.
*Classical Windermere fossilized the trigger system first.
*Ciêng lost the aspect inflections first and the remaining morphology was quickly lost (and tonogenesis happened easily), as it was derivational.
[[Category:Lakovic languages]]
[[Category:Lakovic languages]]

Latest revision as of 17:18, 27 July 2022

The Naengic languages form a subbranch of the Lakovic languages, including forms of Naeng and the vernacular Tergetian languages. It is characterized by some shared innovations:

  1. The Naengic Vowel Shift: A chain vowel shift ä > a > o > u > ü. Exception: -aʔ became -a, not -o.
  2. Shift to strong final stress.
  3. An associative plural *φam which could be used after a noun.
  4. A 4-tense system of past, present, future and imperative/subjunctive.
  5. A full set of personal pronouns, with an associative plural suffix in the 2nd and 3rd person plural and a grammaticalization of *tʔej sa 'this side' for 1st person plural exclusive.
  6. Retains preposed possessive pronouns. (Classical Windermere had those.)

PLak φetn Xtar > *hìnθar > inθar by Grassmann

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Domed Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ŋ /ŋ/
Stop plain p /p/ t /t/ k /k/ ʔ /ʔ/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative s /s̻/ ś /s̺/ š /ʃ/ h /h/
Affricate c /ts̻/ ć /ts̺/ (č /tʃ/)
Approximant w /w/ l /l/ r /r/ y /j/

Vowels

Proto-Ashanic had 6 vowels and register tone:

i ü u e o a = /i y u e o a/

ì ǜ ù è ò à = /i y u e o a/ + breathy voice

Phonotactics

Final consonant clusters were allowed, unlike in Windermere; they are the source of final voiced stops in Windermere.

Prefinal syllables only allowed the vowels /a i u/.

Stress

Stress was likely on the final syllable.

Grammar