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Persiran (view source)

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{{private}}
{{Infobox language
|name = Persiran
|nativename = Persirija
|pronunciation= /peʁ'siʁija/
|region =
|states =
|nation = Persirus
|speakers = 301,486
|date = 2012
|familycolor= Indo-European
|family= [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
|ancestor= Savian
|script= Latin
|agency=
|iso1= pr
|iso2= prs
|iso3= prs
|notice=IPA
}}




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|  
|  
|}
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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|-
|-
! style="" |Close
! style="" |Close
|  
| i
|  
|  
|  
|  
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! style="" |Near-close
! style="" |Near-close
|  
|  
| ɪ
|  
|  
|  
| ʊ
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
! style="" |Close-mid
| e ø
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| o
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Mid
! style="" |Mid
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|-
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
! style="" |Open-mid
| ɛ œ
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| ʌ ɔ
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Near-open
! style="" |Near-open
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| ɐ
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|  
|}
|}
===Stress===
Stress varies upon the part of speech and the way the word is constructed.
In most, if not all, 2 syllable verbs, when in dictionary form, the stress is on the tense ending.
:"etrej" (to be) = <b>é</b>-trej
:"aštej" (to buy) = aš-<b>téj</b>
For verbs over 2 syllables, the stress is either 2nd to last syllable, or last syllable.
:"sujetej" (to wish (for)) = su-je-<b>téj</b>
Stress in nouns aren't really regular.
Most 2 syllable nouns have the stress on the last syllable. However, most nouns that end with "i" have the stress on the first syllable.
:"mačkon" (house) = mač-<b>kón</b>
:"panać" (bread) = pa-<b>náć</b>
:"valač" (village) = <b>vál</b>-ač (/'vɐlɪt͡ʃ/)
:"livški" (book) = <b>lív</b>-ški (/'livʃkɪ/)
For 3 syllables, the stress is usually on the 2nd syllable.
:"labričnie" (maze) = la-<b>bríč</b>-nie (/la'bʁit͡ʃnje/)
In words having over 3 syllables, the stress is usally on the 2nd to last syllable, but there are exceptions.
Usually, if the number of syllables increase by 1 as a result of the number suffix, the stress is almost always on the 2nd to last syllable.
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
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===Orthography===
===Orthography===
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. -->
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. -->
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Letter !! Pronunciation !! Name
|-
| Aa || /ɐ/ || a
|-
| Bb || /b/ || bej
|-
| Dd || /d/ || dej
|-
| Ee || /ɛ/ || ie
|-
| Ff || /f/ || fej
|-
| Ii* || /i/ or /j/ || i
|-
| Jj || /j/ || joj
|-
| Kk || /k/ || kej
|-
| Ll || /l/ || el
|-
| Łł || /ɭ/ || łej
|-
| Mm || /m/ || em
|-
| Nn || /n/ || en
|-
| Oo || /o/ || o
|-
| Pp || /p/ || pej
|-
| Rr || /ʁ/ || er
|-
| Tt || /t/ || tej
|-
| Ss || /s/ || es
|-
| Šš || /ʃ/ || ša
|-
| Ćć || /t͡s/ || ećie
|-
| Čč || /t͡ʃ/ || če
|-
| Uu || /ʊ/ || u
|-
| Vv || /v/ || vej
|-
| Zz || /z/ || zej
|-
| Žž || /ʒ/ || aža
|}
&#x002a; The letter "i" is pronounced as /i/ when by itself; however, when it precedes another vowel it is pronounced as /j/.
<br>
<br>
When a vowel is unstressed and in the last syllable of a word, it may have a different pronunciation. Please take note of the following:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| <b>a</b> || /ɪ/
|-
| <b>e</b> || /ʌ/
|-
| <b>i</b> || /ɪ/
|-
| <b>o</b> || /ø/
|-
| <b>u</b> || /œ/
|}
<br><br>
When a vowel is followed by a "j", it adds a short "i" sound, similar to the "Й" letter in Russian. The pronunciations of "aj", "ej", "ij", "oj", and "uj" are in the following table:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| <b>aj</b> || /aɪ/
|-
| <b>ej</b> || /e/
|-
| <b>ij</b> || /ij/
|-
| <b>oj</b> || /ɔɪ/
|-
| <b>uj</b> || /ʊj/
|}


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
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! Middle !! Passive
! Middle !! Passive
|-
|-
| <center>oč</center> || <center>oš</center>
| <center>oš</center> || <center>oč</center>
|}
|}


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:* <b>Ekrijajaso</b> : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite"
:* <b>Ekrijajaso</b> : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite"


===Adjectives / Adverbs===
Adjectives and adverbs are the same thing in Persiran. Adjectives/Adverbs always end in "-a", and can be used to modify nouns, adjectives, adverbs, or verbs. Adjectives/Adverbs always follow the word they modify. (If W = word and A = adjective/adverb, the order would be WA)
<br>
<br>
There is no agreement with adjectives/adverbs with the word they modify.
===Derivational Morphology===
====Nouns to Adjectives/Adverbs====
# Take the dictionary form of a noun, and take away the ending that represents number (ex. "mera" -> "mer" / "panać" -> "pana")
# Add an "a" onto the end. If the noun (without the number ending) ends with an "a", add an "ja". (ex. "mer" + "a" = "mera" / "pana" + "ja" = "panaja")
::Note: Some nouns already end with an "a" and don't change like "mera" (mother).
# The example ("mera" -> "mera") turned "mother" into "motherly". The example ("panać" -> "panaja") turned "bread" into "bready".
====Adjectives/Adverbs to Nouns====
# Remove the "a" ending from the end of the adjective. (ex. "bela" -> "bel")
# Add the affix "av" to the end. (ex. "bel" + "av" = "belav")
# The example ("bela" -> "belav") turned "beautiful" into "beauty".
====Verbs to Nouns====
=====Gerunds=====
This is the basic way of forming a gerund.
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "surej" -> "sur")
# Add the affix "el" to the end. (ex. "sur" + "el" = "surel")
# The example ("surej" -> "surel") turned "to smile" into "smile".
=====Doers=====
This is the way of turning a verb into someone who performs that action.
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "curej" -> "cur")
# Add the affix "eć" to the end. (ex. "cur" + "eć" = "cureć")
# The example ("curej" -> "cureć") turned "to run" into "runner".
====Verbs to Adjectives/Adverbs====
=====Basic Adjectives/Adverbs=====
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective/adverb.
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "danšej" -> "danš")
# Add the affix "a" to the end. ("danš" + "a" = "danša")
# The example ("danšej" -> "danša") turned "to danse" into "dancing" or "dancingly".


=====Past Participles=====
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective that generally ends in "-ed" in English, or a past participle.
# Take the dictionary form of a verb and add the passive voice ending "oč" to the end. (ex. "aštej" -> "aštejoč")
# Break the verb into pieces (root, tense, and voice). (ex. "aštej" = "ašt" + "ej" + "oč")
# Remove the "ej" affix. (ex. "ašt" + "ej" + "oč" -> "ašt" + "oč" and "ašt" + "oč" = "aštoč")
# Add the affix "a" at the end. (ex. "aštoč" + "a" = "aštoča")
# The example ("aštej" -> "aštoča") turned "to buy" into "bought".


===Particles===
Articles do not exist in Persiran. Definiteness, indefiniteness, or partitiveness is inferred depending on the context of the sentence.


<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
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==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Word Order===
Word order is usually SVO, like in English.
<br /><br>
However, since case is identified in each noun, word order doesn't really matter. Therefore, if you wanted to emphasize something, you can say it first without changing the meaning of the sentence.
<br /><br>
The only word order that is strict is in prepositional phrases. It must be PREPOSITION followed by the OBJECT.<br><br>
<b>Note: If a word ends in a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) and the next word starts with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u), then a "j" should be added onto the end of the first word, so that it flows nicer.</b>
:"A etrej" -> "Aj etrej" (i am)<br><br>
===Qualifiers===
Qualifiers always directly follow the word they're modifying.
:"ševeš mara" = brown hair (the qualifier "mara" (brown) would come after "ševeš" (hair) since that is the word it is modifying)
:"bela tru" = very beautiful (the qualifier "tru" (very) would come after "bela" (beautiful) since that is the word it is modifying)
:"a curoj rapa" = i ran quickly (the qualifier "rapa" (quickly) would come after "curoj" (ran) since that is the word it is modifying)
<br><br>
===Determinatives===
There are no articles.
<br><br>
Quantifiers come right before the word they are modifying (many, 5, three, etc..)
:"tri tantantontaje" = three pairs of pants
:"va d persirije" = many people (many is an expression: "va d")
<br><br>
There is only one Demonstrative ("vi"). It is added onto a noun by using a dash ("-") and then the word. Demonstratives can also be used alone.
:"livški-vi" = this/that book
:"šiomie-vi" = these/those dogs
:"vij etrej drolša" = that is funny


<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->


[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]
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