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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox proto-language
|name         = Proto-Almean
| name       = Proto-Almaic
|altname      =  
| creator    = [[User:MIGUELbM|Miguel Bartelsman]]
|nativename    = Rapa'i
| altname    = Rapa'i
|pronunciation = /ʀaˈpa.ʔi/
| target      = Almaic
|region       = Almean plains; Hassjic mountains.
| region     = Almaic plains; Hassjic mountains
|extinct      = ca. 3500 a.E.
| era        = 5000–3500 a.E. (Lithic)
|era          = Lithic period
| familycolor =  
|familycolor   =  
| child1      = [[Angaran]]
|fam1          = Almeic
| child2     = [[Yohari]]
|family        = Proto-Almean
|creator      = Miguel Bartelsman
|created      = 2020
|setting      = Conworld Angara
|script        = Latin
|iso3          = none
|image        =
|imagesize    =
|imagealt     =  
|imagecaption  =
|imageheader  =
|map          =
|mapsize      =
|mapalt        =
|mapcaption    =
|map2          =
|mapalt2      =
|mapcaption2  =
|boxsize      =
|notice        = IPA
}}
}}


'''Proto-Almean''' is the common ancestor of all the Almean languages, a family of languages widespread in the Yolder and Ausmiran continents.
'''Proto-Almaic''' is the common ancestor of all the Almaic languages, a family of languages widespread in the Yolder and Ausmiran continents.


Proto-Almean is estimated to have been spoken from around 5000 to 3500 a.E., and it's original homeland may have been the Almeran plains from which the language derives its name. Its descendant languages include [[Angaran]] and [[Yohari]].
Proto-Almaic is estimated to have been spoken from around 5000 to 3500 a.E., and it's original homeland may have been the Almeran plains from which the language derives its name. Its descendant languages include [[Angaran]] and [[Yohari]].


== Orthography ==
== Orthography ==
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== Syntax ==
== Syntax ==


{| {{Table/bluetable}}
{{rellink|For examples: [[Proto-Almaic/Test Sentences]]}}
! style="min-width: 100px;" | WALS Ch.
 
! style="min-width: 200px;" | Structure
Proto-Angaric is a specifier-initial, adjunct-mixed, head-final language.
! style="min-width: 400px;" | Examples
 
|-
XP → (YP) X'
| WALS 81 - 84
 
| SOXV
X' → (ZP) X' ''or'' X' (ZP)
| — [S: the dog] [O: the cat] [X: to the tree] [V: chases]
 
|-
X' → (WP) X
| WALS 85
 
| Prepositions
=== Structure rules ===
| — [PP: to] [N: the tree]
 
|-
Phrase heads are in '''bold''', adjuncts are in {{color|gray|gray}}, optional elements are surrounded by (parentheses) or, if they can be repeated, by {curly braces}
| WALS 86
 
| Genitive Noun
==== Sentence ====
| — [G: the cat's] [N: toy]
* CP
|-
 
| WALS 87
==== Complement Phrase (CP) ====
| Noun Adjective
* (NP) VP ('''C''')
| — [N: dog] [Adj: big]
* VP '''NP''' — Subject backing
|-
 
| WALS 88
==== Verb Phrase (VP) ====
| Noun Determiner
* (NP/DP/CP) (NP/DP/CP) '''V''' {{color|gray|{PP/AdvP} }} (Aux)
| — [N: dog] [Det: that]
 
|-
==== Noun Phrase (NP) ====
| WALS 89
* {{color|gray|{PP} }} (PP/AdjP) '''N''' {{color|gray|{Adj} }}
| Numeral Noun
 
| — [Num: three] [N: balls]
==== Determiner phrase (DP) ====
|-
* (NP) '''D'''
| WALS 94
* (NP)<sub>{{glossabb|s|Subject, possessor, specifier}}</sub> (NP)<sub>{{glossabb|o|Object, possessee, complement}}</sub> '''D''' &mdash; Possessive construction
| Internal subordinator word
 
| — [S: the dog] [Adv: if] [V: sees]
==== Postposition Phrase (PP) ====
|-
* (NP/DP/CP) '''PP'''
| WALS 100
| Active alignment
| — [Act: the dog] [Pas: the cat] [V: chases] <br>— [Act: the dog] [V: walks] <br>— [Pas: the cat] [V: falls]
|-
| WALS 122
| Gap
| [S:[R: a wool have-not] sheep] [O:horses] [V:sees]
|-
| WALS 123
| Relativization on Obliques
| — [Act: the dog] [Pas: the cat] [V: chases] <br>— [Act: the dog] [V: walks] <br>— [Pas: the cat] [V: falls]
|}


=== Relative constructions ===
==== Adverb Phrase (AdvP) ====
* (AdvP) '''AdvP'''


Proto-angaran builds relative constructions with the help of demonstratives. Generally speaking, a correlative construction with a demonstrative in the relative and main clauses is the most versatile, but Passive-relative constructions can drop the demonstrative from the main clause, and Active-relative constructions can drop all the demonstratives and fully rely in word order instead.
==== Adjective Phrase (AdjP) ====
* (AdvP/PP) '''AdjP'''


; Active (sheep)
==== Conjunction Phrase (ConjP) ====
:; Regular clause
* XP/ConjP XP '''Conj'''
:: The sheep wool not has.
:::''The sheep had no wool.''
:; Gapping
:: The sheep [wool not has] horses saw.
::: ''The sheep (who) had no wool saw horses.''
:: A horse sheep [wool not has] saw.
::: ''A horse saw the sheep (who) had no wool.''
:; Demonstrative
:: The sheep [that wool not has] horses saw.
::: ''The sheep that had no wool saw horses.''
:: A horse sheep [that wool not has] saw.
::: ''A horse saw the sheep that had no wool.''
:; Correlative
:: [sheep that wool not has], sheep that horses saw.
::: ''The sheep has no wool, that sheep saw horses.''
; Passive (wagon)
:; Regular clause
:: The horse a wagon pulling.
::: ''The horse pulling a wagon.''
:; Demonstrative
:: The sheep a wagon [the horse that pulling] rides.
::: ''The sheep rides a wagon, that the horse is pulling.''
:; Correlative
:: [The horse wagon that pulling], the sheep wagon that rides.
::: ''The horse is pulling a wagon, the sheep rides that wagon.''
; Oblique (hill)
:; Regular clause
:: The sheep them from a hill saw
::: ''The sheep saw them from a hill''
:; Correlative
:: [The sheep them from hill that saw], we hill that love
::: ''The sheep we saw from that hill, we love that hill''


== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==
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'''''“…ahdomi za ohppami godo 'e lanjicipu, …”'''''<br>
'''''“…ahdomi za ohppami godo 'e lanjicipu, …”'''''<br>
/ˈah.do mi za ohˈp’a.mi ˈgo.do ʔe ˌla.ɲiˈxi.pu/
/ahˈdo.mi za ohˈp’a.mi ˈgo.do ʔe ˌla.ɲiˈxi.pu/
{| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"  
{| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"  
|- style="font-weight: bold;"
|- style="font-weight: bold;"
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'''''“…o zakuna ohnagoh 'e dakkencipu qasi. …”'''''<br>
'''''“…o zakuna ohnagoh 'e dakkencipu qasi. …”'''''<br>
/o zaˈku.na ohnago ʔe ˌda.k’eŋˈxi.pu qaˈsi/
/o zaˈku.na ˌoh.naˈgo ʔe ˌda.k’eŋˈxi.pu ˈqa.si/
{| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"  
{| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"  
|- style="font-weight: bold;"
|- style="font-weight: bold;"
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|}
|}
''“…and another carrying a man fast. …”''
''“…and another carrying a man fast. …”''
'''''“…Agahi emon 'e vanza mo: …”'''''<br>
/aˈga.hi eˈmõ ʔe ˈvan.za mo/
{| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"
|- style="font-weight: bold;"
| agahi || to || emon || 'e || vanza || mo
|-
| sheep || {{glossabb|pl}} || horses || {{glossabb|pat}} || say || {{glossabb|pst}}
|}
''“…The sheep said to the horses: …”''
'''''“…«Sami anke ikado 'e atuza ohnagoh 'e sinsa to emon 'e manttasa.»…”'''''<br>
/ˈsa.mi ˈaŋ.ke iˈkado ʔe aˈtu.za ohˈna.go ʔe ˈsin.sa to ˈe.mõ ʔe manˈt’a.sa/
{| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"
|- style="font-weight: bold;"
| sa=mi || anke || ikado || 'e || atuza || oh=nagoh || 'e || sin-sa || to || emon || 'e || mantta-sa
|-
| {{glossabb|1s|First person singular}}={{glossabb|gen}} || heart || {{glossabb|2p|Second person plural}} || {{glossabb|pat}} || hurt || {{glossabb|indf}}=man || {{glossabb|pat}} || see-{{glossabb|ger}} || {{glossabb|pl}} || horse || {{glossabb|pat}} || drive={{glossabb|ger}}
|}
''“…«My soul weeps for you, seeing a man driving horses.»…”''
'''''“…To emon vanza mo:…”'''''<br>
/to eˈmõ ˈvan.za mo/
{| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"
|- style="font-weight: bold;"
| to || emon || vanza || mo
|-
| {{glossabb|pl}} || horse || say || {{glossabb|pst}}
|}
''“…The horses said: …”''
'''''“…«agahi 'e mihe sadomi anke atuza la 'e mahulo sin:…”'''''<br>
/aˈga.hi ʔe ˈmi.he saˈdo.mi ˈaŋ.ke aˈtu.za la ʔe maˈhu.lo sĩ/
{| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;"
|- style="font-weight: bold;"
| agahi || 'e || mihe || sado=mi || anke || atuza || la || 'e || mahulo || sin
|-
| sheep || {{glossabb|pat}} || listen || {{glossabb|1px|First person plural exclusive}}={{glossabb|gen}} || heart || hurt || {{glossabb|det}} || {{glossabb|pat}} || when || see
|}
''“…«Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: …”''


On a hill, a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses." The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool." Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.
On a hill, a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses." The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool." Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.
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