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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox proto-language | ||
|name | | name = Proto-Almaic | ||
| | | creator = [[User:MIGUELbM|Miguel Bartelsman]] | ||
| | | altname = Rapa'i | ||
| | | target = Almaic | ||
|region | | region = Almaic plains; Hassjic mountains | ||
| | | era = 5000–3500 a.E. (Lithic) | ||
| familycolor = | |||
|familycolor | | child1 = [[Angaran]] | ||
| | | child2 = [[Yohari]] | ||
| | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Proto- | '''Proto-Almaic''' is the common ancestor of all the Almaic languages, a family of languages widespread in the Yolder and Ausmiran continents. | ||
Proto- | Proto-Almaic is estimated to have been spoken from around 5000 to 3500 a.E., and it's original homeland may have been the Almeran plains from which the language derives its name. Its descendant languages include [[Angaran]] and [[Yohari]]. | ||
== Orthography == | == Orthography == | ||
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== Syntax == | == Syntax == | ||
{| | {{rellink|For examples: [[Proto-Almaic/Test Sentences]]}} | ||
Proto-Angaric is a specifier-initial, adjunct-mixed, head-final language. | |||
XP → (YP) X' | |||
X' → (ZP) X' ''or'' X' (ZP) | |||
X' → (WP) X | |||
=== Structure rules === | |||
| | |||
| | Phrase heads are in '''bold''', adjuncts are in {{color|gray|gray}}, optional elements are surrounded by (parentheses) or, if they can be repeated, by {curly braces} | ||
==== Sentence ==== | |||
* CP | |||
==== Complement Phrase (CP) ==== | |||
* (NP) VP ('''C''') | |||
* VP '''NP''' — Subject backing | |||
==== Verb Phrase (VP) ==== | |||
| | * (NP/DP/CP) (NP/DP/CP) '''V''' {{color|gray|{PP/AdvP} }} (Aux) | ||
| | |||
==== Noun Phrase (NP) ==== | |||
* {{color|gray|{PP} }} (PP/AdjP) '''N''' {{color|gray|{Adj} }} | |||
| | |||
| | ==== Determiner phrase (DP) ==== | ||
| | * (NP) '''D''' | ||
| | * (NP)<sub>{{glossabb|s|Subject, possessor, specifier}}</sub> (NP)<sub>{{glossabb|o|Object, possessee, complement}}</sub> '''D''' — Possessive construction | ||
==== Postposition Phrase (PP) ==== | |||
* (NP/DP/CP) '''PP''' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
=== | ==== Adverb Phrase (AdvP) ==== | ||
* (AdvP) '''AdvP''' | |||
==== Adjective Phrase (AdjP) ==== | |||
* (AdvP/PP) '''AdjP''' | |||
==== Conjunction Phrase (ConjP) ==== | |||
* XP/ConjP XP '''Conj''' | |||
== Grammar == | == Grammar == | ||
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''''' | '''''“…Agahi emon 'e vanza mo: …”'''''<br> | ||
/aˈga.hi eˈmõ ʔe ˈvan.za | /aˈga.hi eˈmõ ʔe ˈvan.za mo/ | ||
{| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;" | {| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;" | ||
|- style="font-weight: bold;" | |- style="font-weight: bold;" | ||
| | | agahi || to || emon || 'e || vanza || mo | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sheep || {{glossabb|pl}} || horses || {{glossabb|pat}} || say || {{glossabb|pst}} | | sheep || {{glossabb|pl}} || horses || {{glossabb|pat}} || say || {{glossabb|pst}} | ||
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{| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;" | {| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;" | ||
|- style="font-weight: bold;" | |- style="font-weight: bold;" | ||
| sa=mi || anke || ikado || 'e || atuza || oh=nagoh || 'e || sin-sa || to || emon || 'e || | | sa=mi || anke || ikado || 'e || atuza || oh=nagoh || 'e || sin-sa || to || emon || 'e || mantta-sa | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{glossabb|1s|First person singular}}={{glossabb|gen}} || heart || {{glossabb|2p|Second person plural}} || {{glossabb|pat}} || hurt || {{glossabb|indf}}=man || {{glossabb|pat}} || see-{{glossabb|ger}} || {{glossabb|pl}} || horse || {{glossabb|pat}} || drive={{glossabb|ger}} | | {{glossabb|1s|First person singular}}={{glossabb|gen}} || heart || {{glossabb|2p|Second person plural}} || {{glossabb|pat}} || hurt || {{glossabb|indf}}=man || {{glossabb|pat}} || see-{{glossabb|ger}} || {{glossabb|pl}} || horse || {{glossabb|pat}} || drive={{glossabb|ger}} | ||
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'''''“…To emon vanza mo:…”'''''<br> | '''''“…To emon vanza mo:…”'''''<br> | ||
/to eˈmõ ˈvan.za | /to eˈmõ ˈvan.za mo/ | ||
{| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;" | {| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;" | ||
|- style="font-weight: bold;" | |- style="font-weight: bold;" | ||
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''''' | '''''“…«agahi 'e mihe sadomi anke atuza la 'e mahulo sin:…”'''''<br> | ||
/ | /aˈga.hi ʔe ˈmi.he saˈdo.mi ˈaŋ.ke aˈtu.za la ʔe maˈhu.lo sĩ/ | ||
{| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;" | {| style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; border-left: 5px solid #00000022; padding-left: 0.5em;" | ||
|- style="font-weight: bold;" | |- style="font-weight: bold;" | ||
| | | agahi || 'e || mihe || sado=mi || anke || atuza || la || 'e || mahulo || sin | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sheep || {{glossabb|pat}} || listen || {{glossabb|1px|First person plural exclusive}}={{glossabb|gen}} || heart || hurt || {{glossabb|det}} || {{glossabb|pat}} || when || see | | sheep || {{glossabb|pat}} || listen || {{glossabb|1px|First person plural exclusive}}={{glossabb|gen}} || heart || hurt || {{glossabb|det}} || {{glossabb|pat}} || when || see |