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The '''Ris''' language, '''ρανζι ρις''' /r̥ʰand͡z͎ɪ rɪs͎/, is a [[w:language isolate|language isolate]], and is thus not known to be related to any extant language. Ris has a normal-sized inventory of consonants and a fair amount of [[w:allophony|allophony]]. It is a [[w:fusional|fusional]] language and is morphosyntactically [[w:active-stative|active-stative]] and with a fluid subject. The [[w:morphology|morphology]] is evenly split between nominal and verbal inflections. | The '''Ris''' language, '''ρανζι ρις''' /r̥ʰand͡z͎ɪ rɪs͎/, is a [[w:language isolate|language isolate]], and is thus not known to be related to any extant language. Ris has a normal-sized inventory of consonants and a fair amount of [[w:allophony|allophony]]. It is a [[w:fusional|fusional]] language and is morphosyntactically [[w:active-stative|active-stative]] and with a fluid subject. The [[w:morphology|morphology]] is evenly split between nominal and verbal inflections. | ||
== | ==Background== | ||
The '''Ris''' language, '''ρανζι ρις''' /r̥ʰand͡z͎ɪ rɪs͎/, is a [[w: | The '''Ris''' language, '''ρανζι ρις''' /r̥ʰand͡z͎ɪ rɪs͎/, is a [[User:Waahlis/Jivanity|Jivan language]] spoken in the [[w:Caucasus|Caucasus]], across the borders of [[w:Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[w:Armenia|Armenia]] and [[w:Turkey|Turkey]]. It is not known to have any transparent genetic connections to any other language, despite a number of attempts of classification. | ||
The language has been documented in the Caucasus since at least the 9<sup>th</sup> century AD, with the discovery of the '''Hayastani documents''', (Ris: ''Hagiastanou katerrhasthmai'', ''Αγιαστάνου κατήρρασθμαι''). The documents were a Greek transcript of letters in the languages around the [[w:Transcaucasian|Transcaucasian]] settlements. The now fragile documents were written by the Byzantine Greek philosopher Antenor [[w:Yerevan|Erevanon]], in an effort to investigate the ethnic diversity i the region: | |||
It also has an unsusual | |||
{{quote | |||
|text=I have seen many different men of various posture and pride passing these roads, none less awe-inspiring than the other: The ''[[w:Armenians|Armenioi]]'', an intelligent breed, clever and calculating merchants speaking a language not too dissimilar to our own. [...] <!-- Then there are the ''[[w:Georgians|Georgioi]]'', quite similar to the Armenioi, but far moredivided and barbaric in their utterances, just like the warmonging Kurds and Turks. --> Then there are the ''[[Qafesona|Caphessonioi]]'', peaceful, tranquil, with a timid stance towards strangers, speaking a language using the very letters of our own alphabet. The '''[[Ris|Risoi]]''' on the other hand, are interesting, a reclusive tribe of people, shy to speak with their proper, unintelligible speech; preferring to use that of their neighbours [...]'' | |||
|sign=-Antenor Erevanon, 9<sup>th</sup> century Judaeo-Greek philospher and settler | |||
|source=Hayastani documents | |||
}} | |||
The number of speakers of the language is unknown, but the numbers are estimated to be fairly low. Influence by neighbouring languages, such as Armenian and Georgian as well as enclaves of Greek, [[w:Hebrew|Hebrew]] and [[Qafesona]] speakers, threaten the language. In modern times, the greatest threat has been from the universal English language, as more and more Ris speakers use the language in social media. | |||
Grammatically speaking, the Ris language is morphologically [[w:fusional|fusional]] with a few [[w:agglutinative|agglutinative]] characteristics. It has [[Ris#Enclitic|enclitic]] pronouns representing the core arguments of agent and patient. It also has an unsusual [[Ris#Morphosyntactic-alignment|morphosyntactic alignment]]; the [[w:active-stative languages|active-stative]] one, in the [[w:Fluid-S|fluid subject]] subtype. This implies a system of [[Ris#Control|control]] and volition, closely tied to a distinction in [[Ris#Animacy|animacy]]. | |||
Phonologically and phonaesthetically, the language is modelled after [[w:Greek language|Greek]]. Other influences are [[w:native American languages|native American languages]], the [[w:Shona language|Shona language]] and to certain degree [[w:Swedish language|Swedish]]. | Phonologically and phonaesthetically, the language is modelled after [[w:Greek language|Greek]]. Other influences are [[w:native American languages|native American languages]], the [[w:Shona language|Shona language]] and to certain degree [[w:Swedish language|Swedish]]. | ||