Ris: Difference between revisions

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The '''Ris''' language, '''ῤάνζι ρις''' /r̥ʰand͡z͎ɪ rɪs͎/, is a [[w:conlang|constructed language]], but does have a fictional background set in the real world. It is spoken on Sicily and on Cyprus and has about 300,000 native speakers. Or 1. Depends on how you count.
The '''Ris''' language, '''ῤάνζι ρις''' /r̥ʰand͡z͎ɪ rɪs͎/, is a [[w:conlang|constructed language]], but does have a fictional background set in the real world. It is spoken on Sicily and on Cyprus and has about 300,000 native speakers. Or 1. Depends on how you count.


==Phonology and orthography==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
The following is the inventory of consonants in the Ris language. There are 18 contrastive consonants.
The following is the inventory of consonants in the Ris language. There are 18 contrastive consonants.
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==Orthography==
Ris is primarily written in the [[w:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]], but the original alphabet was in fact [[w:Greek alphabet|Greek]]. In its classical and modern form, the alphabet has 24 letters, ordered from alpha to omega; or "ai mḗ otḗma" in Ris.
{|class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align: center;"
|-
|[[File:Greek acute.png|50px]]
|[[File:Greek grave.png|50px]]
|-
|Acute || Grave
|-
|[[File:Greek asper.png|50px]]
|[[File:Greek asper acute.png|50px]]
|-
|Asper || Asper acute
|}
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 600px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" scope="col" style="width:30px;"|Orthography
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:30px;"|Greek
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:30px;"|Latin
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width:50px;"|Pronunciation
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 50px; "|Ris
! scope="col" style="width: 50px; "|Ouis
|-
|Α α
|''άλπα''
|A a
|''ai''
| colspan="2"|/a/
|-
|Β β
|''βήτα''
|B b
|''bou''
|/b/
|/β/
|-
|Γ γ
|''γάμμα''
|G g
|''gou''
|/g/
|/ɣ/
|-
|Δ δ
|''δέλτα''
|D d
|''da''
|/d/
|/ð/
|-
|Ε ε
|''έψιλαν''
|E e
|''egnás''
| colspan="2" |/ɛ/
|-
|Ζ ζ
|''ζήτα''
|Z z
|''za''
| colspan="2"|/d͡z ~ d͡z͎ ~ z ~ z͎/
|-
|Η η
|''ήτα''
|Ē ē
|''etḗma''
|/eː/
|/eɪ̯/
|-
|Θ θ
|''θήτα''
|Th
|''tha''
|/tʰ/
|/θ/
|-
|Ι ι
|''ιότα''
|I i
|''iou''
| colspan="2" |/ɪ/
|-
|Κ κ
|''κάππα''
|K k
|''kau''
| colspan="2" |/k/
|-
|Λ λ
|''λάπτα''
|L l
|''la''
| colspan="2" |/l/
|-
|Μ μ
|''μύα''
|M m
|''ḗma''
| colspan="2" |/m/
|-
|Ν ν
|''νύα''
|N n
|''ḗna''
| colspan="2"|/n/
|-
|Ξ ξ
|''ξία''
|X x
|''ḗxa''
| colspan="2" |/ks͎ ~ gz͎/
|-
|Ο ο
|''ομίκραν''
|O o
|''ognás''
| colspan="2" |/ɔ/
|-
|Π π
|''πία''
|P p
|''pau''
| colspan="2"|/p/
|-
|Ρ ρ
|''ρὸ''
|R r
|''ría''
| colspan="2" |/r/
|-
|Σ σ ς
|''σίγμα''
|S s
|''sa''
| colspan="2" |/s͎/
|-
|Τ τ
|''τάυ''
|T t
|''tau''
| colspan="2" |/t/
|-
|Υ υ
|''ύψιλαν''
|Y y
|''hytḗma''
| colspan="2" |/ʉ/
|-
|Φ φ
|''φία''
|Ph
|''pha''
|/pʰ/
|/f/
|-
|Χ χ
|''χία''
|Kh
|''kha''
|/kʰ/
|/x/
|-
|Ψ ψ
|''ψία''
|Ps
|''ḗpsa''
| colspan="2"|/ps͎/
|-
|Ω ω
|''ώμεγα''
|Ō ō
|''otḗma''
|/oː/
|/oɪ̯/
|}
|}


Revision as of 19:47, 16 June 2013

πρανάσση, ἄι ουαθά πανἂννη!
pranássē, hai ouathá panā́nnē!
Remember: You walk with your feet!


Ris
Rhánzi ris
Ris.png
Pronunciation[/ˈ/]
Created by–
Native toItaly, Cyprus; Sicily
Native speakers301,486 (2012)
Menmer languages
  • Ris
Early form
Proto-Men
Language codes
ISO 639-1ri
ISO 639-2ri
ISO 639-3qhr
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Ris is my attempt to unite the sketchy constructed languages of mine; those lost forever in incomprehensible grammar, unsatisfying aesthetics and cumbersome phonologies. They stand united by the one shared feature - their relationship to the Greek language; my greatest influence no matter the language.

The Ris language, ῤάνζι ρις /r̥ʰand͡z͎ɪ rɪs͎/, is a language isolate, and is thus not known to be related to any extant language. Ris has a normal-sized inventory of consonants and a fair amount of allophony. It is a fusional language and is morphosyntactically active-stative and with a fluid subject. The morphology is evenly split between nominal and verbal inflections.

Background

The Ris language, ῤάνζι ρις /r̥ʰand͡z͎ɪ rɪs͎/, is a constructed language, but does have a fictional background set in the real world. It is spoken on Sicily and on Cyprus and has about 300,000 native speakers. Or 1. Depends on how you count.

Phonology

Consonants

The following is the inventory of consonants in the Ris language. There are 18 contrastive consonants.

Ris consonants
Consonants
Bilabial Denti-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
plain whispered
Nasals plain m /m/ n /n/ [ŋ]
Plosives aspirated ph /pʰ/ th /tʰ/ kh /kʰ/ [ʔ]
unvoiced p /p/ t /t/ k /k/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricatives unvoiced s /s͎/ h /ç ~ x ~ h/
voiced z /d͡z ~ d͡z͎ ~ z ~ z͎/ [ʝ]
Trills aspirated r /r̥ʰ/
voiced r /r/
Approximants ou /w/
Laterals l /l ~ ʎ/

Consonant allophony

Allophony is common to many consonants, and sandhi forces them to be realised different in different environments.

The glottal fricative

The phoneme /h/, the so called glottal fricative, is in free variation with the unvoiced palatal fricative /ç/ as well as the unvoiced velar fricative /x/.

ἒτροι
hétroi
/ˈhɛtrɔɪ̯/ = /ˈxɛtrɔɪ̯/ = /ˈçɛtrɔɪ̯/
normal, okay

The velar fricative is the most common one, but the phones are all affected by palatalisation from front vowels, producing the palatal fricative [ç].

ὒο ἢστιμι
hýo hḗstimi
/ˈhʉ̩.ɔ/ = [ˈhʉ̩.ɔ] /ˈheːs͎tɪmɪ/ → [ˈçeːs͎tɪmɪ]
to leave .ind.m. pride .f
Palatalisation

Palatalisation occurs due to two main factors:

  • Internally: Front vowels tend to palatalise preceding consonants if the syllable is stressed.
    • C[-pal, -rhotic, -appr] → C[+pal, -rhotic, -appr] /_V[+front, +stress]_
  • Externally: A final near-close near-front vowel, /ɪ/, palatalises the initial consonant of the following word.

All consonants but the rhotic trills and the labio-velar semivowel are affected.


Plain /m/ /n/ /p /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ /g/ /pʰ/ /tʰ/ /kʰ/ /s/ /z/ /h/ /l/
Palatalised [mɲ] [ɲ] [pj] [t͡ʃ] [c] [bj] [ɟ] [ʝ] [p] [t] [k] [ʃ] [ʒ] [ç] [ʎ]


ρἂκι τή ἢστιμι τί κατεράσχοι
rā́ki tḗ hḗstimi? tí kateráskhoi?
/ˈrakɪ/ → [ˈracɪ] /ˈteː/ → [ˈt͡ʃeː] /ˈheːs͎tɪmɪ/ → [ˈçeːs͎tɪmɪ] /ˈtɪ katɛˈraskʰɔɪ̯/ → [ˈt͡ʃɪ catɛˈraskʰɔɪ̯]
root .in.gen how pride. .f.pat Where did I write it?

Phonological processes

Vowels

Quote.png
Ptḗgna i rháki? Tān ptḗgi i khrísti!
—Common Ris saying, Idioms and phrases in Ris: An analysis. pg. 34

The saying The hollow triangle? Rather the Christmas tree! is a nationalist idiom which represents the Ris people's belief that their language is superior to their neighbours. This is due to their vowel inventory creating an image of either an hollow triangle, or a pine tree.


There are 7 vowel phonemes in the Ris language. In Ris, the system of vowels are known as ptḗgna i rháki - 'the hollow triangle', due to their symmetrical places of articulation.

Ris vowels
Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close short y /ʉ/
long ȳ /ʉː/
Near-close short i /ɪ/ ou /ʊ/
long ī /ɪː/ ou /ʊː/
Close-mid ē /eː/ ō /oː/
Mid
Open-mid e /ɛ/ o /ɔ/
Near-open
Open short a /ä/
long ā /äː/

Orthography

Ris is primarily written in the Latin alphabet, but the original alphabet was in fact Greek. In its classical and modern form, the alphabet has 24 letters, ordered from alpha to omega; or "ai mḗ otḗma" in Ris.

File:Greek acute.png File:Greek grave.png
Acute Grave
File:Greek asper.png File:Greek asper acute.png
Asper Asper acute


Orthography
Greek Latin Pronunciation
Ris Ouis
Α α άλπα A a ai /a/
Β β βήτα B b bou /b/ /β/
Γ γ γάμμα G g gou /g/ /ɣ/
Δ δ δέλτα D d da /d/ /ð/
Ε ε έψιλαν E e egnás /ɛ/
Ζ ζ ζήτα Z z za /d͡z ~ d͡z͎ ~ z ~ z͎/
Η η ήτα Ē ē etḗma /eː/ /eɪ̯/
Θ θ θήτα Th tha /tʰ/ /θ/
Ι ι ιότα I i iou /ɪ/
Κ κ κάππα K k kau /k/
Λ λ λάπτα L l la /l/
Μ μ μύα M m ḗma /m/
Ν ν νύα N n ḗna /n/
Ξ ξ ξία X x ḗxa /ks͎ ~ gz͎/
Ο ο ομίκραν O o ognás /ɔ/
Π π πία P p pau /p/
Ρ ρ ρὸ R r ría /r/
Σ σ ς σίγμα S s sa /s͎/
Τ τ τάυ T t tau /t/
Υ υ ύψιλαν Y y hytḗma /ʉ/
Φ φ φία Ph pha /pʰ/ /f/
Χ χ χία Kh kha /kʰ/ /x/
Ψ ψ ψία Ps ḗpsa /ps͎/
Ω ω ώμεγα Ō ō otḗma /oː/ /oɪ̯/

Morphology

Nominal

Declension

Declension of gýtē
Animate marked collective
ma.an gýtē - fish
singulative dual-collective plurative
Patientive gýtē gytḗn gytḗr
Agentive gytḗr gytḗrne gytḗra
Dative gytḗs gytḗnse gytḗi
Instrumental gytḗn gytḗnne gytḗs
Genitive gýtēa gýtēan gytēái
Locative gýtēia gýtēian gýtēiar
Vocative gýta gýtan gytár

Samples

  • thýo hā́ katḗrrazas
  • tḗ rhánzatha
  • gytḗra ouārathí ērikí
  • inḗ gýtē mna.
  • Atḗ, inḗ gytḗn ~ Atḗ, inḗ gýtē ne!
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