Ris: Difference between revisions

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==Grammar==
==Grammar==
====Number====
====Number====
Ris has three numbers, all of which are equally common in the language. The Ris numbers are different to those of English, instead using a so-called [[w:singulative number|collective-singulative]] distinction.
Ris has three numbers, all of which are equally common in the language. The Ris numbers are different to those of English, instead using a system similar to a [[w:singulative number|collective-singulative]] distinction.


The distinction infers that the basic form of a noun is the [[w:collective number|collective]], which is indifferent to the number and unmarked. However, in Ris, the collective form has an additional meaning, and can also signify [[w:dual number|dual]]s. It is thus the singulative that most often goes unmarked.
=====Singular number=====  
 
The [[w:singular|singular]] ({{sc|sg}}) denotes one, single noun, and roughly corresponds to the English equivalent of [[w:singular|singular]]. A singularnoun is a single item, either of a collective noun or even a mass noun.
=====Singulative=====  
The [[w:singulative|singulative]] ({{sc|sg}}) denotes one, single noun, and roughly corresponds to the English equivalent of [[w:singular|singular]]. A singulative noun is a single item, either of a collective noun or even a mass noun.
{{Gloss/indexable
{{Gloss/indexable
|phrase = Thuo trema.
|phrase = Thuo trema.
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| index = 9
| index = 9
}}
}}
=====Dual-collective=====
=====Plural numbers=====
The [[w:dual number|dual]]-[[w:collective number|collective]] number ({{sc|dc}}) is a special number to the Ris language. The dual-collective primarily marks the collective sense, whereas English uses the plural. It does however also signify two nouns, a pair, in certain contexts.
======Indefinite plural======
The [[w:definiteness|indefinite]] [[w:plural|plural]] number ({{sc|indef.pl}}) is a special number to the Ris language. The indefinite plural primarily marks a collective number, whereas English uses the plural, or any indefinite amount in general.  
 
In addition, it also signify a pair of nouns, in certain contexts. The reason for this is historical; the old indefinite ending was similar in form to the dual ending, and eventually, the distinction between them disappeared.
{{Gloss/indexable
{{Gloss/indexable
|phrase = Aroumena {{blue|gunte}} thuisto.
|phrase = Aroumena {{blue|gunte}} thuisto.
|IPA = /aˈrʊːmɛna ˈɣʉːntə ˈtʰwiːstɔ/
|IPA = /aˈrʊːmɛna ˈɣʉːntə ˈtʰwiːstɔ/
| morphemes = aroumena {{blue|gunte}} thu-ist-o
| morphemes = aroumena {{blue|gunte}} thu-ist-o
| gloss = always fish.I-PAT.{{blue|DC}} to_want-IND.IPFV-1.PAT.SG  
| gloss = always fish.I-PAT.{{blue|INDEF.PL}} to_want-IND.IPFV-1.PAT.SG  
| translation = I always want fish.
| translation = I always want [two] fish(es).
| index= 10
| index= 10
}}{{Gloss/indexable
}}{{Gloss/indexable
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|IPA = /ˈaːkʼantɪ ʊs ɪˈmɪːstɪr ˈpʼʊːna/
|IPA = /ˈaːkʼantɪ ʊs ɪˈmɪːstɪr ˈpʼʊːna/
| morphemes = {{blue|aganti}} ous im-ist-ir bhou-{{blue|na}}
| morphemes = {{blue|aganti}} ous im-ist-ir bhou-{{blue|na}}
| gloss = head.II/LOC.{{blue|DC}} too  to_have-POT.IPFV-3.PAT.DC fat.II-PAT.{{blue|DC}}
| gloss = head.II/LOC.{{blue|INDEF.PL}} too  to_have-POT.IPFV-3.PAT.DC fat.II-PAT.{{blue|INDEF.PL}}
| translation = You can have fat on your head as well.
| translation = You can have fat on your head as well.
|index = 11
|index = 11
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|IPA = /ˈke:raknə nʊˈkɪːstɪnə/
|IPA = /ˈke:raknə nʊˈkɪːstɪnə/
| morphemes = kerax-{{blue|ne}} nouk-ist-ine
| morphemes = kerax-{{blue|ne}} nouk-ist-ine
| gloss = bird.II-INV.PAT.{{blue|DC}} to_fly-IND.IPFV-3.INV.PAT.DC  
| gloss = bird.II-INV.PAT.{{blue|INDEF.PL}} to_fly-IND.IPFV-3.INV.PAT.DC  
| translation = Birds fly.
| translation = Birds fly.
|index = 12
|index = 12
}}
}}
=====Plurative=====
======Definite plural======
The [[w:plurative|plurative]] ({{sc|pl}}) marks when there are multiple nouns, but more than two. It does not have the collective sense that the English equivalent does, which means plurals automatically get an article of contexts.
The [[w:plurative|plurative]] ({{sc|pl}}) marks when there are multiple nouns, but more than two. It does not have the collective sense that the English equivalent does, which means plurals automatically get an article of contexts.
{{Gloss/indexable
{{Gloss/indexable
|phrase = Ani ngou mou, mnio bhalloi bhallistina .
|phrase = Ani ngou mou, mnio {{blue|bhalloi}} bhallistina .
|IPA = /aˈnɪː ˈŋgʊːˌmʊ ˈŋ͡mɪ̩ːɔ ˈpʰaːlːɔj ˈpʰaːlːɪstɪna/
|IPA = /aˈnɪː ˈŋgʊːˌmʊ ˈŋ͡mɪ̩ːɔ ˈpʰaːlːɔj ˈpʰaːlːɪstɪna/
| morphemes = ani ngou mou mni-o bhall-oi bhall-ist-ina
| morphemes = ani ngou mou mni-o bhall-{{blue|oi}} bhall-ist-ina
| gloss = before eye.III/LOC.INDF.PL my/LOC.SG to_see-IND.IPFV-1.PAT.SG  ball.IV-PAT.{{blue|DEF.PL}} to_roll-IND.IPFV-3{{blue|DEF.PL}}.PAT
| gloss = before eye.III/LOC.INDF.PL my/LOC.SG to_see-IND.IPFV-1.PAT.SG  ball.IV-PAT.{{blue|DEF.PL}} to_roll-IND.IPFV-3{{blue|DEF.PL}}.PAT
| translation = I see balls rolling before my eyes.
| translation = I see balls rolling before my eyes.
| index= 13
| index= 13
}}{{Gloss/indexable
}}{{Gloss/indexable
|phrase =  Ai ourani ouekitsoi.
|phrase =  Ai ourani {{blue|ouekitsoi}}.
|IPA = /aj ˈʊːranɪ ˈweːkiˌt͡sɔj/
|IPA = /aj ˈʊːranɪ ˈweːkiˌt͡sɔj/
| morphemes = ai ouran-i oekits-oi
| morphemes = ai ouran-i oekits-oi
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|index = 14
|index = 14
}}{{Gloss/indexable
}}{{Gloss/indexable
|phrase = Inaskho tabellithoulianta.
|phrase = Inaskho {{blue|tabellithoulianta}}.
|IPA = /ˈɪːnaskʰɔ taˌpʼɛlːɪtʰʊˈlɪ̩ːanta/
|IPA = /ˈɪːnaskʰɔ taˌpʼɛlːɪtʰʊˈlɪ̩ːanta/
| morphemes = in-askh-o tabellithouli-anta
| morphemes = in-askh-o tabellithouli-{{blue|anta}}
| gloss = to_be-IND.CES-1SG.PAT marker_pen.IV-INST.{{blue|DEF.PL}}
| gloss = to_be-IND.CES-1SG.PAT marker_pen.IV-INST.{{blue|DEF.PL}}
| translation = I'm out of marker pens.<ref name="beta"></ref>
| translation = I'm out of marker pens.<ref name="beta"></ref>
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