Shum: Difference between revisions
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|nativename = llhau syuun | |nativename = llhau syuun | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation= | ||
|setting = [[Verse: | |setting = [[Verse:Schngellstein]] | ||
|region = Bjeheond | |region = Bjeheond | ||
|familycolor=hmong-mien | |familycolor=hmong-mien | ||
|fam1= | |fam1= | ||
|script= | |script= | ||
|iso3= | |iso3= | ||
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'''Shum''' ( | '''Shum''' (''shoom''; native name ''llhau syuun'') is a tonal language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of Inthar's old sketches, Reber Wiebian. | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
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| Murmured stop || '''bh''' /bʰ/ || || '''ddh''' /d̪ʰ/ || || '''dh''' /ɖʰ/ || '''dlh''' /ɖᶩʰ/ || '''jh''' /ɟʰ/ || '''gh''' /ɡʰ/ || | | Murmured stop || '''bh''' /bʰ/ || || '''ddh''' /d̪ʰ/ || || '''dh''' /ɖʰ/ || '''dlh''' /ɖᶩʰ/ || '''jh''' /ɟʰ/ || '''gh''' /ɡʰ/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''nn''' /n̪/ || || '''n''' /ɳ/ || '''nl''' /ɳᶩ/ || ''' | | Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''nn''' /n̪/ || || '''n''' /ɳ/ || '''nl''' /ɳᶩ/ || '''nj''' /ɲ/ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Murmured nasal || '''mh''' /mʰ/ || || '''nnh''' /n̪ʰ/ || || '''nh''' /ɳʰ/ || '''nlh''' /ɳᶩʰ/ || ''' | | Murmured nasal || '''mh''' /mʰ/ || || '''nnh''' /n̪ʰ/ || || '''nh''' /ɳʰ/ || '''nlh''' /ɳᶩʰ/ || '''njh''' /ɲʰ/ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Fricative || || || '''ss''' /s/ || || '''s''' /ʂ/ || || '''sy''' /ç~ɕ/ || || '''h''' /h/ | | Fricative || || || '''ss''' /s/ || || '''s''' /ʂ/ || || '''sy''' /ç~ɕ/ || || '''h''' /h/ | ||
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===Registers=== | ===Registers=== | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
| Line 96: | Line 94: | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Shum is completely isolating and head-initial. | |||
* '' | * ''tlan'' (I), ''mhais'' (boat) ⇒ ''mhais tlan'' (my boat) | ||
* ''ruub'' (eye), ''be'' (water) ⇒ ''be ruub'' (tears) | * ''ruub'' (eye), ''be'' (water) ⇒ ''be ruub'' (tears) | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
Shum pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (''tlan'' is used only in textbooks) | |||
==Numbers== | ==Numbers== | ||
| Line 121: | Line 119: | ||
*nlhaha 'fire' | *nlhaha 'fire' | ||
*be 'water' | *be 'water' | ||
* | *tlan 'I' | ||
*mhais 'boat' | *mhais 'boat' | ||
Latest revision as of 23:10, 3 February 2022
| Shum | |
|---|---|
| llhau syuun | |
| Created by | Praimhín |
| Setting | Verse:Schngellstein |
| |
Shum (shoom; native name llhau syuun) is a tonal language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of Inthar's old sketches, Reber Wiebian.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Initials
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Retroflex Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless stop | p /p/ | tt /t̪/ | t /ʈ/ | tl /ʈᶩ/ | c /c/ | k /k/ | |||
| Aspirated stop | ph /pʰ/ | tth /t̪ʰ/ | th /ʈʰ/ | tlh /ʈᶩʰ/ | ch /cʰ/ | kh /kʰ/ | |||
| Voiced stop | b /b/ | dd /d̪/ | d /ɖ/ | dl /ɖᶩ/ | j /ɟ/ | g /ɡ/ | |||
| Murmured stop | bh /bʰ/ | ddh /d̪ʰ/ | dh /ɖʰ/ | dlh /ɖᶩʰ/ | jh /ɟʰ/ | gh /ɡʰ/ | |||
| Nasal | m /m/ | nn /n̪/ | n /ɳ/ | nl /ɳᶩ/ | nj /ɲ/ | ||||
| Murmured nasal | mh /mʰ/ | nnh /n̪ʰ/ | nh /ɳʰ/ | nlh /ɳᶩʰ/ | njh /ɲʰ/ | ||||
| Fricative | ss /s/ | s /ʂ/ | sy /ç~ɕ/ | h /h/ | |||||
| Approximant | v /ʋ/ | ll /l/ | l /ɺ̢/ | y /j/ | |||||
| Murmured approximant | vh /ʋʰ/ | llh /lʰ/ | lh /ɺ̢ʰ/ | ||||||
| Trill | r /r/ |
Rimes
- aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a mid (33) tone (spelled at it ut ah ih uh)
- aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a low (22) tone (spelled att itt utt aha ihi uhu)
- a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: em~ẽ: im~ĩ: om~õ: um~ũ: (spelled a e i o u ai au aa ee ii oo uu) with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones; the tone letters are as follows:
| Tone | Mid | Low | Rising | Falling | Dipping | High dipping |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spelling | n | b | d | j | s |
Registers
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Shum is completely isolating and head-initial.
- tlan (I), mhais (boat) ⇒ mhais tlan (my boat)
- ruub (eye), be (water) ⇒ be ruub (tears)
Pronouns
Shum pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (tlan is used only in textbooks)
Numbers
Syntax
Word order is SVO; adjectives and relative clauses come before nouns; there are postpositions instead of prepositions; determiners and classifiers are placed before the noun; complementizers are head-initial.
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Lexicon
- nlhaha 'fire'
- be 'water'
- tlan 'I'
- mhais 'boat'