Teivo: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
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! !! colspan="10" | Consonants !! colspan="5" | Short vowels !! colspan="5" | Long vowels
! !! colspan="9" | Consonants !! colspan="5" | Short vowels !! colspan="5" | Long vowels
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| Phoneme || /p/ || /t/ || /k/ || /ʔ~Ø/ || /m/ || /n/ || /t͡s/ || /w~β/ || /r~ɾ~l/ || /a/ || /e/ || /i/ || /o/ || /u/ || /aː/ || /eː/ || /iː/ || /oː/ || /uː/
| Phoneme || /p/ || /t/ || /k/ || /ʔ~Ø/ || /m/ || /n/ || /t͡s/ || /w~β/ || /r~ɾ~l/ || /a/ || /e/ || /i/ || /o/ || /u/ || /aː/ || /eː/ || /iː/ || /oː/ || /uː/

Revision as of 08:36, 10 July 2019

South-East Moran language
Teivo qii
Moraot.png
Pronunciation[/ˈteɪ.βo.ʔiː/]
Created byRaistas
Settingplanet Morev
EthnicityJyrwutyr
Native speakers34 000 (271 local year)
Moran
  • South-East Moran language
Early form
Proto-Moran
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Teivo (native name: teivo qii) is an Eastern Moran language spoken by the people, living on the islands of Tau and Imano - the eastern part of the Mora archipelago. The language is closely related to North-East Moran and even share its name with it (both teivo hia and teivo qii mean "language of the east").

The Teivo language, like its relatives, lacks an established orthography. Mtari scholars documented these languages using their own variations of the Mtari script, but the natives rarely know how to write. Nowadays the orthography of Gvahor is used for all Moran languages, created for his papers about the Moran culture and language and was the first to do a research on Moran grammar.

History

The Eastern Moran subgroup started developing after the Moran people had settled on the archipelago. Approximately 1,000 years ago they migrated to the Takimia islands where Teivo slowly developed into a separate language and about 500 years ago it split into Teivo Hia and Teivo Qii, so they still share a large degree of mutual intelligibility. South Moran is their closest common relative, which they share a few common innovations with.

Phonology

Teivo, belonging to the Eastern branch, has a quite distinct phonology from other Moran subgroups. Its phonetic inventory is the smallest among the Moran languages. Teivo retains typical Moran syllable structures of CV and VC. The CVC type is very uncommon, just like in proposed Proto-Moran.

Consonants

An unusual feature of the Eastern branch is the lack of sibilant fricatives. South-East Moran lacks fricatives all together, except for "v", which can be pronounced in a wide range of [β~v~w~ʊ] and some speakers do not pronounce it at all near rounded vowels, so "teivo" would become [ˈteɪ.o].

Consonants
Labial Dental Velar Glottal
Stop p t k ʔ[1]
Affricate t͡s[2]
Nasal m n
Approximant w~β[3] r~ɾ[4]
  1. ^ Can become a fricative /ɦ/ or even /ɣ/ in fast speech on the island of Tau, but typically is not pronounced at all, except word-initially.
  2. ^ Is an allophone of /t/ before /i/, but is also present sporadically in other environments.
  3. ^ The phonemes /w/ and /u/ are sometimes close in articulation, but /u/ is never elided, for example tauo ("straw") is always pronounced [ˈtaʊ.o]
  4. ^ The /r/ phoneme is most frequently realised as [ɾ], especially after long vowels and diphthongs, sometimes it is pronounced as [ɹ] and [r] (trilled) is preferred word-initially and before consonants and [l] can be found in the same environment in the speech of Tau.

All Teivo consonants, except for /w/ and /ʔ/ (written as "v" and "q" respectively) can be geminated, but they are considered consonant sequences and not separate phonemes.

Vowels

Teivo vowels can be short and long. Long vowels are pronounced for approximately twice as long as their short counterparts. They can be considered as either sequences of the short vowels, or counted separately as phonemes. The difference in quality between long and short vowels is very small.

Vowels
Front Back
Close i, iː u, uː[1]
Mid e eː o, oː
Open a, aː
  1. ^ The /u/ phoneme is pronounced closer [ʉ], the long /uː/ is rare, but when present, is always a fully back vowel.

The Teivo diphthongs are not counted as separate phonemes, since they are historically sequences of two vowels and some speakers still pronounce them this way.

Phonotactics

Teivo phonotactics is often described using a term "mora" instead of a "syllable", which is a combination of a short vowel and a preceding consonant (if present). Long vowels, diphthongs and syllables with coda consonants are counted as two moras. With these units it is easier to set up morpheme boundaries and show conjugation patterns.

Orthography

Consonants Short vowels Long vowels
Phoneme /p/ /t/ /k/ /ʔ~Ø/ /m/ /n/ /t͡s/ /w~β/ /r~ɾ~l/ /a/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/ /aː/ /eː/ /iː/ /oː/ /uː/
Orthography p t k q m n c v r a e i o u aa ee ii oo uu