Togarmite: Difference between revisions

No change in size ,  14 December 2021
m
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Line 1,513: Line 1,513:
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Faulty accusative marker===
===Faulty accusative marker===
The faulty accusative marker '''' is used. It behaves like the MSA accusative case and the Welsh soft mutation for direct objects: when there is a constituent separating the verb or predicate from a second constituent, '''' comes between the two constituents regardless of whether the second constituent is actually a direct object. Example:
The faulty accusative marker ''it'' is used. It behaves like the MSA accusative case and the Welsh soft mutation for direct objects: when there is a constituent separating the verb or predicate from a second constituent, ''it'' comes between the two constituents regardless of whether the second constituent is actually a direct object. Example:


*''Halex wyfė li '''''' šlėšt xlabi, wy ȝeþo lėš li '''''' nux.'' = I used to have three dogs, and now I don't have any.
*''Halek wyfė li '''it''' šlėšt klavi, wy ȝeto lėš li '''it''' nuk.'' = I used to have three dogs, and now I don't have any.
*''Yn dėrest li ryšė li '''''' ȝyšėþ rab þamuni beiþ.'' = My teacher wants me to do a lot of homework.
*''Yn ðėrest li ryšė li '''it''' ȝyšėt rab tamuni veit.'' = My teacher wants me to do a lot of homework.


===Questions===
===Questions===
Line 1,524: Line 1,524:
===Existentials===
===Existentials===
The word ''iš'' is used to indicate existence. It is also used with the preposition ''ly'' 'to' or the possessive pronouns to indicate possession. The negative of ''iš'' is ''lėš''.
The word ''iš'' is used to indicate existence. It is also used with the preposition ''ly'' 'to' or the possessive pronouns to indicate possession. The negative of ''iš'' is ''lėš''.
*''Lėš mykėm ėn xølšar nyȝum.'' = There is no place where everyone is happy.
*''Lėš mygėm ėn kølšar nyȝum.'' = There is no place where everyone is happy.
*''Ha iš lex zman?'' = Do you (f. sg.) have time?
*''Ha iš lek ša3t?'' = Do you (f. sg.) have time?


=== Clauses ===
=== Clauses ===
*"if" = ''em''
*"if" = ''em''
*"then" = ''šøm''
*"then" = ''šøm''
*"though" = ''ax'', ''xenax''
*"though" = ''ak'', ''kenak''


===Relative clauses===
===Relative clauses===
Line 1,537: Line 1,537:
For relative clauses whose heads are prepositional objects in the relative clause, there are three strategies:
For relative clauses whose heads are prepositional objects in the relative clause, there are three strategies:


*the relativizer is treated as a resumptive pronoun which takes the preposition, like English ''which'': ''yn gabry lid žė nėx ohab ym mauhab'', lit. 'the man to which I gave the gift'. This syntax arose from the influence of surrounding languages like English.
*the relativizer is treated as a resumptive pronoun which takes the preposition, like English ''which'': ''yn γavry lið žė nėk ohav ym mauhav'', lit. 'the man to which I gave the gift'. This syntax arose from the influence of surrounding languages like English.
*the preposition goes to the end of the clause: ''yn gabry žė nėx ohab ym mauhab lid'' lit. 'the man which I gave the gift to'. This syntax arose from the native Semitic construction which used a resumptive pronoun on the preposition: after the resumptive pronoun lost the stress, the preposition lost its pronominal suffix and moved to the end of the clause.
*the preposition goes to the end of the clause: ''yn γavry žė nėk ohav ym mauhav lið'' lit. 'the man which I gave the gift to'. This syntax arose from the native Semitic construction which used a resumptive pronoun on the preposition: after the resumptive pronoun lost the stress, the preposition lost its pronominal suffix and moved to the end of the clause.
*A combination of both strategies can be used: ''yn gabry lid žė nėx ohab ym mauhab lid'', lit. 'The man to which I gave the gift to'. This is the most common strategy with the other two considered archaic.
*A combination of both strategies can be used: ''yn γavry lið žė nėk ohav ym mauhav lið'', lit. 'The man to which I gave the gift to'. This is the most common strategy with the other two considered archaic.


==Derivation==
==Derivation==
138,726

edits