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Togarmite: Difference between revisions
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Faulty accusative marker=== | ===Faulty accusative marker=== | ||
The faulty accusative marker '' | The faulty accusative marker ''it'' is used. It behaves like the MSA accusative case and the Welsh soft mutation for direct objects: when there is a constituent separating the verb or predicate from a second constituent, ''it'' comes between the two constituents regardless of whether the second constituent is actually a direct object. Example: | ||
*'' | *''Halek wyfė li '''it''' šlėšt klavi, wy ȝeto lėš li '''it''' nuk.'' = I used to have three dogs, and now I don't have any. | ||
*''Yn | *''Yn ðėrest li ryšė li '''it''' ȝyšėt rab tamuni veit.'' = My teacher wants me to do a lot of homework. | ||
===Questions=== | ===Questions=== | ||
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===Existentials=== | ===Existentials=== | ||
The word ''iš'' is used to indicate existence. It is also used with the preposition ''ly'' 'to' or the possessive pronouns to indicate possession. The negative of ''iš'' is ''lėš''. | The word ''iš'' is used to indicate existence. It is also used with the preposition ''ly'' 'to' or the possessive pronouns to indicate possession. The negative of ''iš'' is ''lėš''. | ||
*''Lėš | *''Lėš mygėm ėn kølšar nyȝum.'' = There is no place where everyone is happy. | ||
*''Ha iš | *''Ha iš lek ša3t?'' = Do you (f. sg.) have time? | ||
=== Clauses === | === Clauses === | ||
*"if" = ''em'' | *"if" = ''em'' | ||
*"then" = ''šøm'' | *"then" = ''šøm'' | ||
*"though" = '' | *"though" = ''ak'', ''kenak'' | ||
===Relative clauses=== | ===Relative clauses=== | ||
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For relative clauses whose heads are prepositional objects in the relative clause, there are three strategies: | For relative clauses whose heads are prepositional objects in the relative clause, there are three strategies: | ||
*the relativizer is treated as a resumptive pronoun which takes the preposition, like English ''which'': ''yn | *the relativizer is treated as a resumptive pronoun which takes the preposition, like English ''which'': ''yn γavry lið žė nėk ohav ym mauhav'', lit. 'the man to which I gave the gift'. This syntax arose from the influence of surrounding languages like English. | ||
*the preposition goes to the end of the clause: ''yn | *the preposition goes to the end of the clause: ''yn γavry žė nėk ohav ym mauhav lið'' lit. 'the man which I gave the gift to'. This syntax arose from the native Semitic construction which used a resumptive pronoun on the preposition: after the resumptive pronoun lost the stress, the preposition lost its pronominal suffix and moved to the end of the clause. | ||
*A combination of both strategies can be used: ''yn | *A combination of both strategies can be used: ''yn γavry lið žė nėk ohav ym mauhav lið'', lit. 'The man to which I gave the gift to'. This is the most common strategy with the other two considered archaic. | ||
==Derivation== | ==Derivation== | ||