Togarmite/Old/Gzarot: Difference between revisions

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| ''banáyθum''  
| ''banáyθum''  
| ''banáyθin''  
| ''banáyθin''  
| ''banā́w''  
| ''banė́w''  
| ''banė́''
| ''banė́''
|-
|-
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| ''nubnáyθum''  
| ''nubnáyθum''  
| ''nubnáyθin''  
| ''nubnáyθin''  
| ''nubnā́w''  
| ''nubnė́w''  
| ''nubnė́''
| ''nubnė́''
|-
|-
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| ''dummáyθum''  
| ''dummáyθum''  
| ''dummáyθin''  
| ''dummáyθin''  
| ''dummā́w''  
| ''dummė́w''  
| ''dummė́''
| ''dummė́''
|-
|-

Revision as of 21:55, 23 August 2019

Gzarot (Hebrew, sg. gizra 'figure, form, pattern') in Togarmite are variations of an inflectional (especially verbal) paradigm that are determined by the choice of consonants in the consonantal root. Thus, a paradigm has not only a regular gizra but various irregular ones, which occur most commonly when

  • the consonantal root contains a "guttural" (ʔ ȝ h) or a semivowel (j w);
  • the consonantal root contains a n, since nC tends to assimilate into CC
  • the consonantal root has 2 letters.

2-ȝ

  • √t-ȝ-m 'to choose'

-ā/a- instead of -ō/u- before C3 in prefix conjugation

faȝāl

taȝā́m 'he chose'
→ Person
↓ Tense
1sg 2sg.m 2sg.f 3sg.m 3sg.f 1pl 2pl.m 2pl.f 3pl.m 3pl.f
past taȝámθī taȝámθa taȝámθe taȝā́m taȝā́maθ taȝámnė taȝámθum taȝámθin taȝā́mū taȝā́mė
present ʔatėȝā́m θatėȝā́m θatėȝā́mī yatėȝā́m yatėȝā́mī natėȝā́m θatėȝā́mū θatėȝámna yatėȝā́mū yatėȝámna
future ʔatȝā́m θatȝā́m θatȝā́mī yatȝā́m yatȝā́mī natȝā́m θatȝā́mū θatȝámna yatȝā́mū yatȝámna
optative ʔatȝamánna θatȝamánna θatȝamī́nna yatȝamánna yatȝamī́nna natȝamánna θatȝamū́nna θatȝamnánna yatȝamū́nna yatȝamnánna
jussive ʔátȝam θátȝam θátȝamī yátȝam yátȝamī nátȝam θátȝamū θatȝámna yátȝamū yatȝámna
imperative - taȝā́m! taȝā́mī! - - - taȝā́mū! taȝā́mė! - -
active participle tėȝḗm
passive participle matȝū́m
verbal noun tiȝė́m

3-y

These verbs have 3sg.m past from *-aya and without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from *-iyu. A lot of analogy has taken place in this gizra, as in Hebrew. Dialectal variation poses additional complexity, with forms yabnė́, yabnā́yī, yabnā́yū, yabnáyna being used for yabnḗ, yabnī́, yabnū́, yabnḗna in some dialects.

faȝāl

banė́ 'he built'
→ Person
↓ Tense
1sg 2sg.m 2sg.f 3sg.m 3sg.f 1pl 2pl.m 2pl.f 3pl.m 3pl.f
past; conditional banáyθī banáyθa banáyθe banė́ banė́θ banáynė banáyθum banáyθin banė́w banė́
present ʔabėnḗ tabėnḗ tabėnī́ yabėnḗ yabėnī́ nabėnḗ tabėnū́ tabėnḗna yabėnū́ yabėnḗna
future ʔabnḗ tabnḗ tabnī́ yabnḗ yabnī́ nabnḗ tabnū́ tabnḗna yabnū́ yabnḗna
optative ʔabnénna tabnénna tabnī́nna yabnénna yabnī́nna nabnénna tabnū́nna tabnēnánna yabnū́nna yabnēnánna
jussive ʔábne tábne tábnī yábne yábnī nábne tábnū tabnḗna yábnū yabnḗna
imperative - bunḗ! bunī́! - - - bunū́! bunḗna! - -
active participle bėnḗ
passive participle mabnū́y
verbal noun binė́θ

nufȝāl

nubnė́ 'it was built'
→ Person
↓ Tense
1sg 2sg.m 2sg.f 3sg.m 3sg.f 1pl 2pl.m 2pl.f 3pl.m 3pl.f
past; conditional nubnáyθī nubnáyθa nubnáyθe nubnė́ nubnė́θ nubnáynė nubnáyθum nubnáyθin nubnė́w nubnė́
present ʔubbėnḗ tubbėnḗ tubbėnī́ yubbėnḗ yubbėnī́ nubbėnḗ tubbėnū́ tubbėnḗna yubbėnū́ yubbėnḗna
future ʔubbanḗ tubbanḗ tubbanī́ yubbanḗ yubbanī́ nubbanḗ tubbanū́ tubbanḗna yubbanū́ yubbanḗna
optative ʔubbanénna tubbanénna tubbanínna yubbanénna yubbanínna nubbanénna tubbanúnna tubbanēnánna yubbanúnna yubbanēnánna
jussive ʔúbbane túbbane túbbanī yúbbane yúbbanī núbbane túbbanū tubbanḗna yúbbanū yubbanḗna
imperative - hubbanḗ! hubbanī́! - - - hubbanū́! hubbanḗna! - -
participle mubbanḗ
verbal noun nubnė́θ

faȝȝēl

dammė́ 'he likened, he modeled (sth after sth)'
→ Person
↓ Tense
1sg 2sg.m 2sg.f 3sg.m 3sg.f 1pl 2pl.m 2pl.f 3pl.m 3pl.f
past; conditional dammī́θī dammī́θa dammī́θe dammė́ dammė́θ dammī́nė dammī́θum dammī́θin dammū́ dammė́
present ʔadamėmḗ θadamėmḗ θadamėmī́ yadamėmḗ yadamėmī́ nadamėmḗ θadamėmū́ θadamėmḗna yadamėmū́ yadamėmḗna
future ʔadammḗ θadammḗ θadammī́ yadammḗ yadammī́ nadammḗ θadammū́ θadammḗna yadammū́ yadammḗna
optative ʔadamménna θadamménna θadammínna yadamménna yadammínna nadamménna θadammúnna θadammēnánna yadammúnna yadammēnánna
jussive ʔadámme θadámme θadámmī yadámme yadámmī nadámme θadámmū θadámmēna yadámmū yadámmēna
imperative - dammḗ! dammī́! - - - dammū́! dammḗna! - -
participle mudammḗ
verbal noun dammū́y

fuȝȝāl

dummė́ 'it was likened, it was modeled (after sth)'
→ Person
↓ Tense
1sg 2sg.m 2sg.f 3sg.m 3sg.f 1pl 2pl.m 2pl.f 3pl.m 3pl.f
past; conditional dummayθī dummayθa dummayθe dummė́ dummė́θ dummáynė dummáyθum dummáyθin dummė́w dummė́
present ʔadumėmḗ θadumėmḗ θadumėmī́ yadumėmḗ yadumėmī́ nadumėmḗ θadumėmū́ θadumėmḗna yadumėmū́ yadumėmḗna
future ʔadummḗ θadummḗ θadummī́ yadummḗ yadummī́ nadummḗ θadummū́ θadummḗna yadummū́ yadummḗna
optative ʔadumménna θadumménna θadummínna yadumménna yadummínna nadumménna θadummúnna θadummēnánna yadummúnna yadummēnánna
jussive ʔadúmme tadúmme tadúmmī yadúmme yadúmmī nadúmme tadúmmū tadúmmēna yadúmmū yadúmmēna
imperative -
participle mudummḗ
verbal noun -

3-w

These verbs have 3sg.m past from *-awa and without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from *-iwu.

faȝāl

manō 'he counted'
→ Person
↓ Tense
1sg 2sg.m 2sg.f 3sg.m 3sg.f 1pl 2pl.m 2pl.f 3pl.m 3pl.f
past; conditional manawθī manawθa manawθe manō manōθ manawnė manawθum manawθin manū manė
nonpast ʔamnū tamnū tamnī yamnū yamnī namnū tamnū tamnė yamnū yamnė
optative ʔamnunna tamnunna tamnīnna yamnunna yamnīnna namnunna tamnūnna tamnėnna yamnūnna yamnėnna
jussive ʔamnu tamnu tamnī yamnu yamnī namnu tamnū tamnė yamnū yamnė
imperative - manū! manī! - - - manū! manė! - -
active participle mėnū
passive participle manū
verbal noun minėθ