Togarmite/Old/Gzarot

Gzarot (Hebrew, sg. gizra 'figure, form, pattern') in Togarmite are variations of an inflectional (especially verbal) paradigm that are determined by the choice of consonants in the consonantal root. Thus, a paradigm has not only a regular gizra but various irregular ones, which occur most commonly when

• the consonantal root contains a "guttural" (ʔ ȝ ħ h) or a semivowel (y w);
• the consonantal root contains a n, since nC tends to assimilate into CC
• the consonantal root has 2 letters.

1-w

faȝāl

watā́r 'he remained'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past	watárθī	watárθa	watárθe	watā́r	watā́raθ	watárnė	watárθum	watárθin	watārū	watárna
present	ʔėtḗr	θėtḗr	θėtḗrī	yėtḗr	yėtḗrī	nėtḗr	θėtḗrū	θėtírna	yėtḗrū	yėtírna
future	ʔȯtḗr	θȯtḗr	θȯtḗrī	yȯtḗr	yȯtḗrī	nȯtḗr	θȯtḗrū	θȯtírna	yȯtḗrū	yȯtírna
optative	ʔȯtiránna	θȯtiránna	θȯtirínna	yȯtiránna	yȯtirínna	nȯtiránna	θȯtirúnna	θȯtirnánna	yȯtirúnna	yȯtirnánna
jussive	ʔȯ́tir	θȯ́tir	θȯ́tirī	yȯ́tir	yȯ́tirī	nȯ́tir	θȯ́tirū	θȯ́tirna	yȯ́tirū	yȯ́tirna
imperative	-	tḗr!	tḗrī!	-	-	-	tḗrū!	tírna!	-	-
active participle	wėtḗr
passive participle	watū́r
verbal noun	witė́r

1-n

This irregularity can affect verbs up to the second consonant.

This creates some binyan ambiguity: nužžā́r may be the passive of nažā́r or the passive of nažžḗr.

faȝāl

nažā́r 'he guarded, he watched, he kept'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past	nažárθī	nažárθa	nažárθe	nažā́r	nažā́raθ	nažárnė	nažárθum	nažárθin	nažā́rū	nažárna
present	ʔanėžṓr	θanėžṓr	θanėžṓrī	yanėžṓr	yanėžṓrī	nanėžṓr	θanėžṓrū	θanėžúrna	yanėžṓrū	yanėžúrna
future	ʔažžṓr	θažžṓr	θažžṓrī	yažžṓr	yažžṓrī	nažžṓr	θažžṓrū	θažžúrna	yažžṓrū	yažžúrna
optative	ʔažžuránna	θažžuránna	θažžurī́nna	yažžuránna	yažžurī́nna	nažžuránna	θažžurū́nna	θažžurnánna	yažžurū́nna	yažžurnánna
jussive	ʔážžur	θážžur	θážžurī	yážžur	yážžurī	nážžur	θážžurū	θážžurna	yážžurū	yažžurna
imperative	-	žōr!	žṓrī!	-	-	-	žṓrū!	žúrna!	-	-
active participle	nėžḗr
passive participle	mažžū́r
verbal noun	nižė́r

2-ʔ, 2-h, 2-ȝ and 2-ħ

• √t-ȝ-m 'to choose'

-ā/a- instead of -ō/u- before C3 in prefix conjugation

faȝāl

taȝā́m 'he chose'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past	taȝámθī	taȝámθa	taȝámθe	taȝā́m	taȝā́maθ	taȝámnė	taȝámθum	taȝámθin	taȝā́mū	taȝámna
present	ʔatėȝā́m	θatėȝā́m	θatėȝā́mī	yatėȝā́m	yatėȝā́mī	natėȝā́m	θatėȝā́mū	θatėȝámna	yatėȝā́mū	yatėȝámna
future	ʔatȝā́m	θatȝā́m	θatȝā́mī	yatȝā́m	yatȝā́mī	natȝā́m	θatȝā́mū	θatȝámna	yatȝā́mū	yatȝámna
optative	ʔatȝamánna	θatȝamánna	θatȝamī́nna	yatȝamánna	yatȝamī́nna	natȝamánna	θatȝamū́nna	θatȝamnánna	yatȝamū́nna	yatȝamnánna
jussive	ʔátȝam	θátȝam	θátȝamī	yátȝam	yátȝamī	nátȝam	θátȝamū	θátȝamna	yátȝamū	yatȝámna
imperative	-	taȝā́m!	taȝā́mī!	-	-	-	taȝā́mū!	taȝā́mė!	-	-
active participle	tėȝḗm
passive participle	matȝū́m
verbal noun	tiȝė́m

3-y

These verbs have 3sg.m past -ė from *-aya and -ē without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from *-iyu. A lot of analogy has taken place in this gizra, as in Hebrew. Dialectal variation poses additional complexity, with forms yabnė́, yabnā́yī, yabnā́yū, yabnáyna being used for yabnḗ, yabnī́, yabnū́, yabnḗna in some dialects.

faȝāl

banė́ 'he built'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past; conditional	banáyθī	banáyθa	banáyθe	banė́	banė́θ	banáynė	banáyθum	banáyθin	banė́w	banáyna
present	ʔabėnḗ	tabėnḗ	tabėnī́	yabėnḗ	yabėnī́	nabėnḗ	tabėnū́	tabėnḗna	yabėnū́	yabėnḗna
future	ʔabnḗ	tabnḗ	tabnī́	yabnḗ	yabnī́	nabnḗ	tabnū́	tabnḗna	yabnū́	yabnḗna
optative	ʔabnénna	tabnénna	tabnī́nna	yabnénna	yabnī́nna	nabnénna	tabnū́nna	tabnēnánna	yabnū́nna	yabnēnánna
jussive	ʔábne	tábne	tábnī	yábne	yábnī	nábne	tábnū	tábnēna	yábnū	yábnēna
imperative	-	bunḗ!	bunī́!	-	-	-	bunū́!	bunḗna!	-	-
active participle	bėnḗ
passive participle	mabnū́y
verbal noun	binė́θ

nufȝāl

nubnė́ 'it was built'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past; conditional	nubnáyθī	nubnáyθa	nubnáyθe	nubnė́	nubnė́θ	nubnáynė	nubnáyθum	nubnáyθin	nubnė́w	nubnáyna
present	ʔubbėnḗ	tubbėnḗ	tubbėnī́	yubbėnḗ	yubbėnī́	nubbėnḗ	tubbėnū́	tubbėnḗna	yubbėnū́	yubbėnḗna
future	ʔubbanḗ	tubbanḗ	tubbanī́	yubbanḗ	yubbanī́	nubbanḗ	tubbanū́	tubbanḗna	yubbanū́	yubbanḗna
optative	ʔubbanénna	tubbanénna	tubbanínna	yubbanénna	yubbanínna	nubbanénna	tubbanúnna	tubbanēnánna	yubbanúnna	yubbanēnánna
jussive	ʔúbbane	túbbane	túbbanī	yúbbane	yúbbanī	núbbane	túbbanū	túbbanēna	yúbbanū	yúbbanēna
imperative	-	hubbanḗ!	hubbanī́!	-	-	-	hubbanū́!	hubbanḗna!	-	-
participle	mubbanḗ
verbal noun	nubnė́θ

faȝȝēl

dammė́ 'he likened, he modeled (sth after sth)'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past; conditional	dammī́θī	dammī́θa	dammī́θe	dammė́	dammė́θ	dammī́nė	dammī́θum	dammī́θin	dammū́	dammī́na
present	ʔadamėmḗ	θadamėmḗ	θadamėmī́	yadamėmḗ	yadamėmī́	nadamėmḗ	θadamėmū́	θadamėmḗna	yadamėmū́	yadamėmḗna
future	ʔadammḗ	θadammḗ	θadammī́	yadammḗ	yadammī́	nadammḗ	θadammū́	θadammḗna	yadammū́	yadammḗna
optative	ʔadamménna	θadamménna	θadammínna	yadamménna	yadammínna	nadamménna	θadammúnna	θadammēnánna	yadammúnna	yadammēnánna
jussive	ʔadámme	θadámme	θadámmī	yadámme	yadámmī	nadámme	θadámmū	θadámmēna	yadámmū	yadámmēna
imperative	-	dammḗ!	dammī́!	-	-	-	dammū́!	dammḗna!	-	-
participle	mudammḗ
verbal noun	dammū́y

fuȝȝāl

dummė́ 'it was likened, it was modeled (after sth)'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past; conditional	dummayθī	dummayθa	dummayθe	dummė́	dummė́θ	dummáynė	dummáyθum	dummáyθin	dummė́w	dummáyna
present	ʔadumėmḗ	θadumėmḗ	θadumėmī́	yadumėmḗ	yadumėmī́	nadumėmḗ	θadumėmū́	θadumėmḗna	yadumėmū́	yadumėmḗna
future	ʔadummḗ	θadummḗ	θadummī́	yadummḗ	yadummī́	nadummḗ	θadummū́	θadummḗna	yadummū́	yadummḗna
optative	ʔadumménna	θadumménna	θadummínna	yadumménna	yadummínna	nadumménna	θadummúnna	θadummēnánna	yadummúnna	yadummēnánna
jussive	ʔadúmme	tadúmme	tadúmmī	yadúmme	yadúmmī	nadúmme	tadúmmū	tadúmmēna	yadúmmū	yadúmmēna
imperative	-
participle	mudummḗ
verbal noun	-

The other binyanim are similarly affected and have different conjugations based on whether the verb is of the form -C2ēC3 or -C2āC3. The part of the verb after C2 is affected by this irregularity.

3-w

These verbs have 3sg.m past -ȯ from *-awa and -ū without gender/number affixes in the prefix conjugation, from *-iwu.

faȝāl

manȯ́ 'he counted'

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg.m	2sg.f	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl.m	2pl.f	3pl.m	3pl.f
past; conditional	manáwθī	manáwθa	manáwθe	manȯ́	manȯ́θ	manáwnė	manáwθum	manáwθin	manū́	manáwna
present	ʔamėnṓ	θamėnṓ	θamėnī́	yamėnṓ	yamėnī́	namėnṓ	θamėnū́	θamėnṓna	yamėnū́	yamėnṓna
future	ʔamnṓ	θamnṓ	θamnī́	yamnṓ	yamnī́	namnṓ	θamnū́	θamnṓna	yamnū́	yamnṓna
optative	ʔamnónna	θamnónna	θamnínna	yamnónna	yamnínna	namnónna	θamnúnna	θamnōnánna	yamnúnna	yamnōnánna
jussive	ʔámnu	θámnu	θámnī	yámnu	yámnī	námnu	θámnū	θámnōna	yámnū	yámnōna
imperative	-	munṓ!	munī!	-	-	-	munū!	munṓna!	-	-
active participle	mėnṓ
passive participle	manū
verbal noun	minėθ

Other binyanim are affected similarly. The part after the C2 is affected.