User:Ceige/Japonic experiments: Difference between revisions

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== Test Grammar ==
== Test Grammar ==
=== Classes ===
=== Classes ===
* mǝ- = locative-y, indirect
* nǝ- = things
* kǝ- = approximative, manner
* pa- = locative
* wǝ- = abstract, indefínitive?
* i- = locative, defínitive?
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Number
! Number
Line 224: Line 232:
| ''*lʊ-''
| ''*lʊ-''
| ''*dʊ-''
| ''*dʊ-''
| nǝi-
| -
| Abstract nouns
| Abstract nouns
|-
|-

Revision as of 09:32, 8 January 2018

Bantu Bants

Convenient Consonant Mappings

Bantu Japonic
Grapheme Phoneme Grapheme Phoneme
m m m m
p p p p
b β w ɰᵝ
n n n n
t t t t
d d~l r ɺ
ɲ ɲ n n
c c s s
j j j j
k k k k
g ɣ

Less Convenient Vowel Mappings

Bantu Japonic
Vowel Allophone Vowel Descendant
i i i, ui, ǝi i, i₂
ɪ e ai, ǝi e₂
e ɛ ia, iǝ e₁
a a a a
u u u u (ɯᵝ ?)
ʊ o ǝ o₂
o ɔ ua, uǝ o₁

Cool Phonological Laws

Both

  • CV except for prenasalised consonants
  • Both are bitonic

Bantu

  • Prenasalised voiceless plosives are rarer than voiced
  • Prenasalised consonants can appear at the start of an utterance.

Japonic

Sources include: WP:Old Japanese#Restrictions

  • "Words do not begin with r or the voiced plosives b, d, z and g, with the exception of a few loanwords." (WP 2018)
  • "A bare vowel does not occur except for word-initially: vowel sequences were not permitted." (WP 2018)
  • "Arisaka's Law states that -o2 is generally not found in the same morpheme as -a, -o1 or -u." (WP 2018)
  • Japanese vowel devoicing (especially for closed vowels /i/ and /u/)
  • Rendaku & Lyman's law, which prevents more than one voiced obstruent per morpheme (but not in the compound as a whole).

Test Grammar

Classes

  • mǝ- = locative-y, indirect
  • nǝ- = things
  • kǝ- = approximative, manner
  • pa- = locative
  • wǝ- = abstract, indefínitive?
  • i- = locative, defínitive?


Number Bleek
1869
Meinhof
1932
Meeussen
1967
Guthrie
1971
Welmers
1974
Demuth
2000
Odden
Forthc.
Ceige
20XX
Typical meaning(s)
1 *mʊ- *mʊ- *mʊ- *mo- *mʊ- *mʊ- *mʊ- mǝ- Humans, animate
2 *ba- *ʋa- *ba- *ba- *va- *va- *ba- wa- Plural of class 1
3 *mʊ- *mʊ- *mʊ- *mo- *mʊ- *mʊ- *mʊ- mǝ- Plants, inanimate
4 *mɪ- *mi- *mɪ- *me- *mɪ- *mɪ- *mɪ- mǝi- Plural of class 3
5 *dɪ-, *lɪ- *li- *i- *ji- *lɪ- *lɪ- *di- nǝi- Various
6 *ma- *ma- *ma- *ma- *ma- *ma- *ma- ma- Plural of class 5, liquids (mass nouns)
7 *kɪ- *ki- *kɪ- *ke- *kɪ- *kɪ- *kɪ- kǝi- Various, diminutives, manner/way/language
8 *pi- *ʋɪ- *bi- *bi- *ʋi-, *li- ("8x") *ʋi-, *di- *bi- wi- Plural of class 7
9 *n- *ni- *n- *nj- *nɪ- *n- *n- ni- Animals, inanimate
10 *thin- *lɪ, ni- *n- *nj- *li-nɪ- *di-n- *n- ni-, nǝi- Plural of class 9 and 11
11 *lʊ- *lʊ- *dʊ- *do- *lʊ- *lʊ- *dʊ- nǝ- Abstract nouns
12 *ka- (13) *ka- (13) *ka- *ka- *ka- *ka- *ka- ka- Diminutives
13 *tʊ- (12) *tʊ- (12) *tʊ- *to- *tʊ- *tʊ- *tʊ- tǝ- Plural of class 12
14 *bʊ- *ʋʊ- *bʊ- *bo- *ʋʊ- *ʋʊ- *bʊ- wǝ- Abstract nouns
15 *kʊ- *kʊ- *kʊ- *ko- *kʊ- *kʊ- *kʊ- kǝ- Infinitives
16 *pa- *pa- *pa- *pa- *pa- *pa- *pa- pa- Locatives (proximal, exact)
17 *kʊ- *kʊ- *ko- *kʊ- *kʊ- *kʊ- kǝ- Locatives (distal, approximate)
18 *mʊ- *mʊ- *mo- *mʊ- *mʊ- *mʊ- mǝ- Locatives (interior)
19 *pɪ- *pi- *pi- *pi- *pi- *pi- pi- Diminutives
20 *ɣu- (u-) Putative
21 *ɣɪ- (i-) Augmentative
(22)
23 *i (24) (i-) Locative

Cf. This table on Wikipedia and its qualifying notes, esp. RE the semantics