User:Ceige/SEA Inspired

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Ancient stage

Phonology

Consonants

Bolded consonants can also be finals.

Manner Labial Dental Retroflex Palatal Velar Notes
Plosive p t ʈ c k Some reconstruct additional voiced plosives.
Pre-nasalised Plosives ⁿp ⁿt ⁿʈ ⁿc ⁿk ɴC or (m,n..)C is another valid style of transcription, as is C̃
Nasals m n ɳ ɲ ŋ
Voiceless Nasals ɳ̊ ɲ̊ ŋ̊ qC or hC is another valid style of transcription
Sonorants w l r y ʀ These are also sometimes analysed as appearing between initials and vowels.*
Voiceless Sonorants ʀ̊
Fricatives h* s* ʂ ç x

Notes

  • *In analyses where the sonorants are seen as possible glides between initials and the nucleus, the distribution of initials changes quite heavily.
  • There is also a glottal stop, sometimes written as <q>.
  • <h> represents would-be /ɸ/, but this sound, when constructed, is meant to suggest a sound change before the voiceless labial sonorant arose. Some do not reconstruct it at all.
  • <s> is argued by some to be /θ/.

Vowels

There are considerably less vowels than consonants, but these have a large number of environmental allophones.

Height +y +l +r +w
Closed i ɪ ɨ ə ɯ u
Mid e ɜ ǝ ə ʌ o
Open æ æ a a ɑ ɑ

Phonotactics

Syllable structure

Each syllable has a structure of CVC, better described as Initial-Nucleus-Final.