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(Created page with "= Ancient stage = == Phonology == === Consonants === {| class="wikitable" |- ! !! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal |- | Plosive || p || t || k |- | Nasal || m || n || ng |- | So...") |
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= Phonology = | |||
== Consonants == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| Nasal || m || n || ng | | Nasal || m || n || ng | ||
|- | <!-- |- | ||
| Sonorant || w || l || y | | Sonorant || w || l || y--> | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Vowels == | |||
=== Monophthongs === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 20: | Line 19: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Closed | ! Closed | ||
| i || | | i || rowspan=2| ǝ~ɯ || u | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid | ! Mid | ||
| | | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
| || a || | | || a || | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Diphthongs === | |||
'''Stage #1:''' | |||
The diphthongs simply represent every possible combination of two vowels. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| ia || ai || a || au || ua | | ia || ai || a || au || ua | ||
|} | |} | ||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 58: | Line 59: | ||
|} | |} | ||
--> | --> | ||
'''Stage #2:''' | |||
The diphthongs form new phonemic monophthongs. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! i+ !! +i !! Ø !! +u || u+ | |||
|- | |||
! Closed | |||
| ɯ || || || ɯ || | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| ɛ || e || || o || ɔ | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| ɛ || æ || a || ɒ || ɔ | |||
|} | |||
'''Stage #3 (combined with original monophthongs):''' | |||
The new monophthongs collapse, with the fronted and rounded groups collapsing on /e/ and /o/. The language's vowel space now represents the skewed vowel space found in nature rather than the idealistic trapezoid. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Front !! Central !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Closed | |||
| i || colspan=2| ɯ | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| e || || o | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| || a || | |||
|} | |||
'''Dialects: ''' | |||
For modern dialectal purposes, up to 8 vowels are sometimes rendered, but these 8-vowel systems are not produced by the same sound changes. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Front !! Central !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Closed | |||
| i~í || colspan=2| ɯ~ɯ́ | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| é~ì|| ǝ || ó~ɯ̀ | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| è~e~ä || a || ò~o~å | |||
|} | |||
For example, sometimes ä and å are formed from *ia and *ua, other times from *ai and *au, and sometimes both. | |||
== CV-Clusters == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Stages !! colspan=200 | CV Pairs | |||
|- | |||
! Initial | |||
| p | |||
| pi | |||
| pu | |||
| t | |||
| ti | |||
| tu | |||
| k | |||
| ki | |||
| ku | |||
| m | |||
| mi | |||
| mu | |||
| n | |||
| ni | |||
| nu | |||
| ŋ | |||
| ŋi | |||
| ŋu | |||
| Ø | |||
| Øi | |||
| Øu | |||
|- | |||
! Final | |||
| p-, h- | |||
| hy- | |||
| f- | |||
| t | |||
| ch- | |||
| ts- | |||
| k- | |||
| ky- | |||
| k- | |||
| m- | |||
| my- | |||
| m-, w- | |||
| n- | |||
| ny- | |||
| n-, m- | |||
| Ø- | |||
| Øy- | |||
| Øw- | |||
| Ø- | |||
| Øy- | |||
| Øw- | |||
|} | |||
<!-- Note: Still missing s! --> | |||
This results in modern clusters like: | |||
* tua -> tso | |||
* chiu -> chu | |||
* puai -> fe | |||
... but kia -> ke (expected: kye — the fronting of /e/ provides the patalalisation automatically). | |||