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User:Ceige/Tatan: Difference between revisions
→Grammar
(Created page with "==Grammar== ===Personal Suffixes=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! Singular !! Plural |- ! 1st Person | mVn || mVz |- ! 2nd Person | sVn || sVz |- ! 3rd Person | V || V.pl |} =...") |
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== | =Grammar= | ||
===Personal | ==Nouns== | ||
===Noun declension=== | |||
<!--https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaic_languages--> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Case !! Suffix | |||
|- | |||
| Nominative || -Ø | |||
|- | |||
| Accusative || -mA, -ya | |||
|- | |||
| Genitive || -ni | |||
|- | |||
| Ablative || -ti (> -či) | |||
|- | |||
| Dative-Locative || -dA, -dU <!--https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaic_languages--> | |||
|- | |||
| Comitative-Loc || -lA | |||
|- | |||
| Translative-Prolative || -ri, -li | |||
|- | |||
| Oblique || -KA (-ga) <!--Can combine with others? e.g. -n-ka > ngga?--> | |||
|} | |||
The oblique can combine with other forms. For example: | |||
* -nKA > -nggA (an elaborate and over-the-top sounding genitive that might be a little old-fashioned) | |||
This case stacking can occur in many other cases. | |||
* -nTA > -ndA | |||
Not mentioned here is -s-, which is sometimes used for genitive constructions. It is a reduced genitive marker of ambiguous origins. | |||
===Plural affixes=== | |||
* -t(V) - cf. ablative | |||
* -s - cf. ablative | |||
* -ni - cf. ablative | |||
* -la - cf. comitative | |||
(combinations are possible too: -tara for example) | |||
==Pronouns== | |||
===Personal Pronouns=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1st Person | |||
| mi, min- || ma-?, man-? | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd Person | |||
| ti (či?), tin- || ta, tan-? <!-- si, sa(n-)--> | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd Person | |||
| V, te-? || V.pl | |||
|} | |||
===Personal suffixes=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1st Person | ! 1st Person | ||
| | | -mi || -ma- <!--Turkish -uz/miz, Evenki -vun, Finnic -mmek--> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd Person | ! 2nd Person | ||
| | | -ti/či/si || -Ca- | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd Person | ! 3rd Person | ||
| | | -(n) || -tV- | ||
|} | |} | ||
== | ==Verbs== | ||
<!--https://en. | <!--https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Manchu/Lesson_6_-_Verbs_1--> | ||
===Verb affixes=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Role !! Affix !! Examples and Notes | ||
|- | |||
| Verbal nouns || -mA || Cf. Finnic -mA, Turkic -mA, Tungusic -mA, Korean -(eu)m | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Continuative || -mA bi, -m'bi || Cf. Manchu -me bi > -mbi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Translative || -ri || (Also a noun declension suffix) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Past 1 (also passive?) || -TA || Cf. Japanese, Turkic | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | (also passive?) || -nV? || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Past 2 || -ha || cf. Mongolian -x, Manchu -ha | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Copula== | |||
* bi, bVi (cf. Manchu, Mongolian; semantically similar to Japanese iru) | |||