User:Ceige/Tatan

Phonology

Vowels

	Front		Back
	Unrounded	Rounded	Unrounded	Rounded
Closed	i	y	ɯ	u
Open	æ	ø	ɑ	o

Grammar

Nouns

Noun declension

Case	Suffix
Nominative	-Ø
Accusative	-mA, -ya
Genitive	-ni
Ablative	-ti (> -či)
Dative-Locative	-dA, -dU
Comitative-Loc	-lA
Translative-Prolative	-ri, -li
Oblique	-KA (-ga)

The oblique can combine with other forms. For example:

• -nKA > -nggA (an elaborate and over-the-top sounding genitive that might be a little old-fashioned)

This case stacking can occur in many other cases.

• -nTA > -ndA

Not mentioned here is -s-, which is sometimes used for genitive constructions. It is a reduced genitive marker of ambiguous origins.

Plural affixes

• -t(V) - cf. ablative
• -s - cf. ablative
• -ni - cf. ablative
• -la - cf. comitative

(combinations are possible too: -tara for example)

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

	Singular	Plural
1st Person	mi, min-	ma-?, man-?
2nd Person	ti (či?), tin-	ta, tan-?
3rd Person	V, te-?	V.pl

Personal suffixes

	Singular	Plural
1st Person	-mi	-ma-
2nd Person	-ti/či/si	-Ca-
3rd Person	-(n)	-tV-

Verbs

Verb affixes

Role	Affix	Examples and Notes
Verbal nouns	-mA	Cf. Finnic -mA, Turkic -mA, Tungusic -mA, Korean -(eu)m
Continuative	-mA bi, -m'bi	Cf. Manchu -me bi > -mbi
Translative	-ri	(Also a noun declension suffix)
Past 1 (also passive?)	-TA	Cf. Japanese, Turkic
(also passive?)	-nV?
Past 2	-ha	cf. Mongolian -x, Manchu -ha

Copula

• bi, bVi (cf. Manchu, Mongolian; semantically similar to Japanese iru)