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<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
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==History==
===Name===
Various different names have existed at some point or another for the language. A reference from 1544 in a mercantile letter from the Ottoman empire mentioning a most difficult and strange tongue only known as ''kecice'' being spoken among the sandalwood-bearing islands of the far seas probably constitutes the first reference to Caeryn. In the 18th century, noted adventurer-linguist-archæologist-spiritualist Taavi Marsfeld wrote a short description of the language and famously introduced it to the Fartravellers' Society in London with the following passage:
:{{cardo|This illustrious Qaerysh tungue, more befuddling than the Caucasic, more sweet than Finnish morphology, and yet more rewarding than a cat's love, is truly a miracle to behold! A purity greater than Greek, a vigour outdoing the Germanic, a spiciness beyond the Zend, yet as wildly spiritual as the Semitic idiom.}}
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Caer has an interesting phonological system, completely lacking rounded and back vowels; dental, bilabial and velar plosives; or any of the common nasals.  
Caer has an interesting phonological system, completely lacking rounded and back vowels; dental, bilabial and velar plosives; or any of the common nasals.  
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The incredibly sparse consonantal system includes a few uvular consonants, one alveolar sibilant, a voiced retroflex and two clicks.
The incredibly sparse consonantal system includes a few uvular consonants, one alveolar sibilant, a voiced retroflex and two clicks.


c~q nn h r s t y l v n
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
 
|+ colspan="8" | Consonantal phonemes of Caeryn
q ɴ χ ʐ sˡ θ j ʟ ʘ ǀ
|-
| rowspan="1" colspan="2" |
! rowspan="1" | Labial
! rowspan="1" | Dental
! rowspan="1" | Palatal
! rowspan="1" | Postalveolar
! rowspan="1" | Velar
! rowspan="1" | Uvular
|-
! colspan="2" | Click
| {{grapheme|v}} /ʘ/
| {{grapheme|n}} /ǀ/
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Plosive
|
|
|
|
|
| {{grapheme|c}}, {{grapheme|q}} /q/
|-
! colspan="2" | Fricative
|
| {{grapheme|t}} /θ/, {{grapheme|s}} /s/
|
| {{grapheme|r}} /ʐ/
|
| {{grapheme|h}} /χ/
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
|
|
|
|
|
| {{grapheme|nn}} /ɴ/
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximant
|
|
| {{grapheme|y}} /j/
|
| {{grapheme|l}} /ʟ/
|
|-
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
Vowels either expand or contract wildly depending on their word surroundings


===Orthography===
===Orthography===
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==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Verbal morphology===
===Verbal morphology===
A Caer verb is usually composed of a base, an aspect suffix, a voice suffix, and a number prefix. Depending on inflection, the verb requires marking for object and agent.
A Caer verb is usually composed of a base, an aspect suffix, a voice suffix, and a number prefix. Depending on particularities of inflection, the verb requires additional affixes filling up the personal affix slots 1 and 2.


(1.)
(1.)
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:{|
:{|
|-
|-
|''arsila atehavenn, aneatyr arsila, veleran''
|''arsela atehavenn, aneatyr arsela, veleran''
|-
|-
|arsila||a-teha-ve-nn||a-nea-Ø-tyr||arsila||veler-an
|arsela||a-teha-ve-nn||a-nea-Ø-tyr||arsela||veler-an
|-
|-
|man.{{sc|abs}}||{{sc|sg}}-chase-{{sc|ext}}-{{sc|antipass}}||{{sc|sg}}-die-{{sc|ext}}-{{sc|refl}}||man.{{sc|abs}}||life-{{sc|erg}}
|man.{{sc|abs}}||{{sc|sg}}-chase-{{sc|ext}}-{{sc|antipass}}||{{sc|sg}}-die-{{sc|ext}}-{{sc|refl}}||man.{{sc|abs}}||life-{{sc|erg}}
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=====Perfective=====
=====Perfective=====
The perfective is marked with the suffix '''-va''' /ʘæ˥˩/.
The perfective is marked with the suffix '''-va''' /ʘæ˥˩/. It also triggers the filling of the first personal affix slot.


=====Extemporaneous=====
=====Extemporaneous=====
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====Voice====
====Voice====
Caer distinguishes morphologically between four voices (active, causative, reflexive-reciprocative, antipassive) which are indicated on the verb after the aspect-inflected base.  
Caer distinguishes morphologically between four voices (active, causative, middle-reflexive-reciprocative, antipassive) which are indicated on the verb after the aspect-inflected base.  


=====Active=====
=====Active=====
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=====Ipse=====
=====Ipse=====
The so-called ''ipse'' ({{sc|ipse}}) marker '''-aq''' refers usually to the most salient previously mentioned NP. In transitive sentences this is usually the agent. If there is no specific NP it is automatically assumed to refer to the speaker, i.e. it then corresponds to what other languages would call the first person.
The so-called ''ipse'' ({{sc|ipse}}) marker '''-aq''' refers usually to the most salient previously mentioned NP. In transitive sentences this is usually the agent. If there is no specific NP it is automatically assumed to refer to the speaker, i.e. it then corresponds to what would in other languages be termed the first person.


Intransitive sentence without an explicit NP.
Intransitive sentence without an explicit NP.
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:{|
:{|
|-
|-
|''annataq''
|''anennytaq''
|-
|-
|a-nna-ta-aq
|a-nenny-ta-aq
|-
|-
|{{sc|sg}}-eat-{{sc|ipfv}}-{{sc|ipse}}
|{{sc|sg}}-cry-{{sc|ipfv}}-{{sc|ipse}}
|-
|-
|‘I was eating.’
|‘I was crying.’
|}
|}


Antipassive sentence with explicit undergoer NP. (Optional)
Antipassive sentence with explicit undergoer NP. (Optional)
(5.)
:{|
:{|
|-
|-
|''arsila annavannaq''
|''arsela annavannaq''
|-
|-
|arsila||a-nna-va-nn-aq
|arsela||a-nna-va-nn-aq
|-
|-
|man.{{sc|abs}}||{{sc|sg}}-eat-{{sc|pfv}}-{{sc|antipass}}-{{sc|ipse}}
|man.{{sc|abs}}||{{sc|sg}}-eat-{{sc|pfv}}-{{sc|antipass}}-{{sc|ipse}}
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In a causative sentence with two NPs. Here, the agent is marked ''ipse''.
In a causative sentence with two NPs. Here, the agent is marked ''ipse''.


(5.)
(6.)
:{|
:{|
|-
|-
|''arsila catannyvexaseaq veleran''
|''arsela catannyvexaseaq veleran''
|-
|-
|arsila||ca-tanny-ve-xa-se-aq||veler-an
|arsela||ca-tanny-ve-xa-se-aq||veler-an
|-
|-
|man.{{sc|abs}}||{{sc|pl}}-feel-{{sc|ext}}-{{sc|caus}}-{{sc|alter}}-{{sc|ipse}}||life-{{sc|erg}}
|man.{{sc|abs}}||{{sc|pl}}-feel-{{sc|ext}}-{{sc|caus}}-{{sc|alter}}-{{sc|ipse}}||life-{{sc|erg}}
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In a transitive sentence with two NPs and only object marking. Here, the object is marked ''alter''.
In a transitive sentence with two NPs and only object marking. Here, the object is marked ''alter''.


(6.)
(7.)
:{|
:{|
|-
|-
|''arsila catehatase nnahan''
|''arsela catehatase nnahan''
|-
|-
|arsila||ca-teha-ta-se||nnaha-an
|arsela||ca-teha-ta-se||nnaha-an
|-
|-
|man.{{sc|abs}}||{{sc|pl}}-chase-{{sc|ipfv}}-{{sc|alter}}||woman-{{sc|erg}}
|man.{{sc|abs}}||{{sc|pl}}-chase-{{sc|ipfv}}-{{sc|alter}}||woman-{{sc|erg}}
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In a transitive sentence lacking an explicit object NP. Here, the agent is marked ''alter'' and the object arg. is assumed to be the speaker, i.e. ''ipse''.
In a transitive sentence lacking an explicit object NP. Here, the agent is marked ''alter'' and the object arg. is assumed to be the speaker, i.e. ''ipse'' which has to be marked.


(7.)
(8.)
:{|
:{|
|-
|-
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===Determiners===
===Determiners===
===Numerals===
Caeryn uses a [[wikipedia:Senary|senary]] number system and has unique terms for the powers of six all the way up to 6<sup>6</sup>. Perhaps tellingly, six is a sacred number of the Vá religion and a recurrent motif in the legends.
{|class=wikitable
|+ base counting
|-
!Number
!Numeral
|-
|1
|val, vann
|-
|2
|tas, tat
|-
|3
|cet
|-
|4
|nnyr
|-
|5
|calyn
|-
|6
|vaenaq
|-
|}
===Personal pronouns===
===Personal pronouns===
===Phrasal clitics===
===Phrasal clitics===
A distinction between proximal ({{sc|prox}}) and distal ({{sc|dist}}) is optionally added to the end of a phrase to express spatial, temporal or emotional distance from the speaker, sometimes even a form of evidentiality.<ref>Hayan, Abd ibn. (2012). ''Kajirsiskans klitiska partiklar: ett samtida perspektiv.''</ref>
A distinction between proximal ({{sc|prox}}) and distal ({{sc|dist}}) is optionally added to the end of a phrase to express spatial, temporal or emotional distance from the speaker, sometimes even a form of evidentiality.<ref>Hayan, Abd ibn. (2012). ''Kajirsiskans klitiska partiklar: ett samtida perspektiv.''</ref>


(8.)
(9.)
:{|
:{|
|-
|-
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|maker.{{sc|abs}}||{{sc|sg}}-create-{{sc|ext}}-{{sc|antipass}}-{{sc|ipse}}={{sc|prox}}
|maker.{{sc|abs}}||{{sc|sg}}-create-{{sc|ext}}-{{sc|antipass}}-{{sc|ipse}}={{sc|prox}}
|-
|-
|‘The Maker creates everything around us.’
|‘The Maker creates (''implied:'' everything around us.)’
|}
|}


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