|
|
| Line 1,060: |
Line 1,060: |
| |} | | |} |
| {{Col-end}} | | {{Col-end}} |
|
| |
| ====Case====
| |
| There are 7 [[w:grammatical case|grammatical case]]s in Hrasú. Most of these are rather common to the [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European languages]].
| |
|
| |
| {| class="browntable lightbrownbg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 600px; text-align: center;"
| |
| |+'''Hrasic cases'''
| |
| ! colspan="6"|Cases and usage
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2"|Case
| |
| ! colspan="2"|Usage
| |
| ! colspan="2"|Example
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="4"|Nominative
| |
| | colspan="2"|The independent form of nouns; the lemma.
| |
| | colspan="2"|The '''dog'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Subject of high-control intransitive verbs; without a patient.
| |
| | colspan="2"|The '''dog '''bites.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Subject of high-control intransitive verbs; without a patient.
| |
| | colspan="2"|The '''man''' fell.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Subject of a transitive verb; with a patient.
| |
| | colspan="2"|The '''dog '''bit the man.
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="5"|Accusative
| |
| | colspan="2"|Object or patient of a transitive verb.
| |
| | colspan="2"|The dog bit the '''man'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Indicates a duration of time.
| |
| | colspan="2"|I did it '''for many years'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|In indirect statements.
| |
| | colspan="2"|He said '''I''' was '''ugly'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|To mark location.
| |
| | colspan="2"|I am '''at home'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|After certain prepositions.
| |
| | colspan="2"| Between '''one''' and '''ten'''; near '''you'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="7"|Dative
| |
| | colspan="2"|Indirect object of a ditransitive verb.
| |
| | colspan="2"|He gave the '''man '''a pen
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Dativus finalis; dative of purpose.
| |
| | colspan="2"|I fight '''for the king'''! Call '''for help'''!
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Dativus commodi; dative of benefit or malefic.
| |
| | colspan="2"|Open the door '''for him'''; this one is not '''for children'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Dativus lativus; dative of movement.
| |
| | colspan="2"|I'm going '''to Siberia'''; I come '''from home'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Dativus modi; dative of manner and cause.
| |
| | colspan="2"|He died '''from a disease'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Dativus possessivus; dative of possession.
| |
| | colspan="2"|There is a book '''to me'''; '''I''' have a book.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|After certain prepositions.
| |
| | colspan="2"|Get away '''from me'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="3"|Instrumental
| |
| | colspan="2"|Instrumentalis instrumenti; the means of the action.
| |
| | colspan="2"|He writes with a '''pen'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Instrumentalis auctoris; the performer of actions.
| |
| | colspan="2"|Opened by the '''mayor'''; caught '''by a net'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Instrumentalis modi; the manner of means of an action.
| |
| | colspan="2"|Go by the '''short cut'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="9"|Genitive
| |
| | colspan="2"|Symbolises ownership
| |
| | colspan="2"|The '''dog''''s bone
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Marks objects related to the subject in composition
| |
| | colspan="2"|The '''group '''member
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Symbolises lacking
| |
| | colspan="2"|Go without '''me'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Marks origin of nouns.
| |
| | colspan="2"|I moved from the '''house'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Marks origin of nouns
| |
| | colspan="2"|It is from '''France'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Marks concerned, associated nouns
| |
| | colspan="2"|On the '''Origin '''of '''Species'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Marks concerned, discussed nouns.
| |
| | colspan="2"|Talking about '''films'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Indicates cause
| |
| | colspan="2"|It's because of the '''snow'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Marks abstract cause
| |
| | colspan="2"|Thanks to/despite '''him'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Semblative
| |
| | colspan="2"|For comparations, and semblatives.
| |
| | colspan="2"|It is '''like a fish'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|For comparative adverbials.
| |
| | colspan="2"|I dance '''like a god'''; I dance '''godly'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="3"|Vocative
| |
| | colspan="2"|Direct address.
| |
| | colspan="2"|Hey, '''John'''!
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Disjoint address.
| |
| | colspan="2"|You are right, '''Mary'''.
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2"|Exclamation.
| |
| | colspan="2"|Poor '''me'''! Wretched '''life'''!
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Pronominal=== | | ===Pronominal=== |