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User:Waahlis/Hrasic: Difference between revisions
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===Verbal=== | ===Verbal=== | ||
The Hrasic verbal morphology is restricted, yet extensive. Simple, but versatile. Verbs do not conjugate according to [[w:grammatical person|person]], [[w:grammatical number|number]] or [[w:grammatical tense|tense]]. However, there are a number of [[w:grammatical aspect|grammatical aspect]]s, [[w:grammatical mood|moods]] and [[w:evidentiality|evidentials]]. | The Hrasic verbal morphology is restricted, yet extensive. Simple, but versatile. Verbs do not conjugate according to [[w:grammatical person|person]], [[w:grammatical number|number]] or [[w:grammatical tense|tense]]. However, there are a number of [[w:grammatical aspect|grammatical aspect]]s, [[w:grammatical mood|moods]] and [[w:evidentiality|evidentials]]. | ||
The conjugation is split into three parts - the [[w:active voice|active]], [[w:passive voice|passive]], and the [[w:reciprocal|reciprocal]] conjugations. | |||
====Active==== | |||
The active conjugation inflects verbs according to the active grammatical voice. Active voice is used in a clause whose [[w:grammatical subject|subject]] expresses the [[w:grammatical agent|agent]] of the main verb. That is, the subject does the action designated by the verb | |||
{| class="browntable lightbrownbg" style="width: 650px; text-align: center;" | {| class="browntable lightbrownbg" style="width: 650px; text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="9"| | ! colspan="9"|Active | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="1" rowspan="2"|Aspect | ! colspan="1" rowspan="2"|Aspect | ||
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| colspan="4"|''Reduplication'' | | colspan="4"|''Reduplication'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Passive==== | |||
The passive is a conjugation in the passive voice.In a clause with passive voice, the grammatical subject expresses the theme or [[w:patient (grammar)|patient]] of the main verb – that is, the person or thing that undergoes the action or has its state changed. | |||
{| class="browntable lightbrownbg" style="width: 650px; text-align: center;" | |||
|+ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="9"|Passive | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="1" rowspan="2"|Aspect | |||
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Mood | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align: center;" |Indicative | |||
! style="text-align: center;" |Subjunctive | |||
! style="text-align: center;" |Jussive | |||
! style="text-align: center;" |Imperative | |||
|- align="center" | |||
!Perfective | |||
| ''-nda /- ndi'' | |||
| ''-ndar'' /-''ndir'' | |||
| ''-ndat'' | |||
| rowspan="2"|''-nda'' | |||
|- | |||
!Inceptive | |||
|''hua-'' | |||
|''huá-ndir'' | |||
|''hua-at'' | |||
|- | |||
!Cessative | |||
|''ye-'' | |||
|''yua-'' | |||
|''-ndat'' | |||
| rowspan="2"| ''-ndas'' | |||
|- | |||
!Causative | |||
| ''-iy'' | |||
| ''-nthi'' | |||
| ''-ndit'' | |||
|- | |||
!Imperfective | |||
| ''-nduo'' | |||
| ''-iy'' | |||
| ''-mbat'' | |||
| ''-mbas'' | |||
|- | |||
!Iterative | |||
| colspan="4"|''Reduplication'' | |||
|} | |||
====Reciprocal==== | |||
The reciprocal conjugation and voice marks subjects and objects in [[wikt:reciprocity|reciprocity]]. In the reciprocal construction, each of the participants occupies both the role of agent and patient with respect to each other. | |||
The reciprocal conjugation is technically merely an infix. It is formed by infixing ''-ya-'' before the active conjugational ending. | |||
==Sample phrases== | ==Sample phrases== | ||