Valian/Etymologies: Difference between revisions
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Here below are given the known etymologies for words in [[User:Chrysophylax/Reconstructing Proto-Tenarian|Proto-Tenarian]], the reconstructed ancestor of [[Valian|Valian]], [[Elasian]], and [[Lillet|Lillian]]. For forms no longer extant in Valian, examples are given from its direct ancestor Old Valian (OV.). | |||
{{Ast}}-a: Va. ''-a'' "(OV.) genitive case suffix"; Elas. ''-o'' "genitive case suffix" | |||
{{Ast}}-aʔiC: Va. ''-ä'' "pronominal genitive-dative case suffix"; Elas. ''-á'' "dative case suffix" | |||
{{Ast}}aʔtsa: Va. ''aas'' "girl"; Elas. ''-áz'' "nouns denoting female referents" | {{Ast}}aʔtsa: Va. ''aas'' "girl"; Elas. ''-áz'' "nouns denoting female referents" | ||
{{Ast}} | {{Ast}}aʔra: Va. '''''aar'''s'' "large", Elas. ''-ár'' "animate augmentative suffix" | ||
{{Ast}}mir: Va. ''tor'''m'''''(<''*tormi'') "father", ; Elas. '' | {{Ast}}eʔil: Va. '''''eel'''as'' "strong", ''v'''äl'''ya'' "noble"; El. '''''Él'''ász'' "wild, fierce". | ||
{{Ast}}-äm(iC): Va. '' -ä(mmi)'' "(OV.) instrumental case suffix"; Elas. ''-em'' "instrumental case suffix" | |||
{{Ast}}kaʔlʲaśa: Va. ''kaalas'' "party, celebration"; Elas. ''kályaz'' "dance". | |||
{{Ast}}həˈkärja: Va. ''kärya'' "saga"; Elas. ''ger'' < ''*hegerjo'' "story" | |||
{{Ast}}mir: Va. ''tor'''m'''''(<''*tormi'') "father", ; Elas. ''mir'' "head" | |||
{{Ast}}mer: Elas. '''''mer'''et'' "language"; Va. '''''mer'''ilinna'' (archaic) "poet" | {{Ast}}mer: Elas. '''''mer'''et'' "language"; Va. '''''mer'''ilinna'' (archaic) "poet" | ||
{{Ast}}śalima: Va. ''salma'' "belief" ; El. ''szólim'' "trust" | {{Ast}}pV(h)ś-<sup>1</sup>, maybe {{Ast}}pæśi or {{Ast}}paĭhśi: Elas. ''pasz'' "stone"; Va. ''päht'' "stone" | ||
{{Ast}}pétaqĭ: Va. ''pead'' "sparrow"; Elas. ''pet'' "bird"; Lil. ''pidoig'' "bird" | |||
{{Ast}}śalima: Va. ''salma'' "belief" ; El. ''szólim'' "trust" (should be szálim??) | |||
{{Ast}}śajan: Va. ''saya'' "badger"; El. ''szaj'' "wolverine" | |||
{{Ast}}śilima: Va. ''silma'' "star"; El. ''szilin'' "star" | {{Ast}}śilima: Va. ''silma'' "star"; El. ''szilin'' "star" | ||
{{Ast}}talilet: Va. ''talle'', from earlier ''tallet'' "speech"; El. ''tollet'' "a proverb" | |||
{{Ast}}taʔnikos: Va. ''taankos'' "steed, warhorse"; Elas. ''tónisz'' "beast of burden" from earlier ''tónix'', Lil. ''tōneg'' "reindeer". | |||
{{Ast}}tieje: Va. ''tee'', older ''teeye'' "I"; El. ''tá'' "I (dat.)" | {{Ast}}tieje: Va. ''tee'', older ''teeye'' "I"; El. ''tá'' "I (dat.)" | ||
{{Ast}}tur: El. ''turáz'' "maiden", possible compound of ''*tur'' + ''*aʔtsa'', Va. ''torm'' "father" | {{Ast}}tur: El. ''turáz'' "maiden", possible compound of ''*tur'' + ''*aʔtsa'', Va. ''torm'' "father" | ||
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{{Ast}}-lja: Va. ''-lya'' "indicates negative polarity of verb"; El. ''-lya'' "indicates negative polarity of verb" | {{Ast}}-lja: Va. ''-lya'' "indicates negative polarity of verb"; El. ''-lya'' "indicates negative polarity of verb" | ||
:<sup>1</sup> — The original vowel cannot be reconstructed with safety as Va. shows /æ/ while El. has /a/; historically the equivalent of Va. /æ/ is El. /e/. It does not appear to be a reduced diphthong either as neither language shows a long vowel or diphthong. Furthermore, the Va. reflex shows /ht/ which is believed to usually originate from earlier /kt/-sequences. If the original stem contained /kt/ then the expected Elasian reflex would be **''pás'', reduced from **''paks'' as clusters of the /kts/-type in Elasian show t-deletion. | |||
:If we assume paʔś- as stem, then why doesn't the Elasian reflex surface with /ɑh/ nor Va. with /ɑː/? Instead Va. shows /æht/ which would point at a stem ''**pähĭt'' which is problematic as the Elasian reflex would be ''*pét'' /peht/ alt. ''*péit'' /pehit/ and '''not''' ''pasz'' /pat͡s/. One suggestion is *pæś- which while solving the problem in Välyatalle does not explain the irregularity in æ > a in Elasian. A possible *paĭhś- is also discounted primarily on grounds that /aĭh/ should reflex as Va. /æː/ and El. /ah/. | |||
[[Category:Diachronics]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:26, 14 February 2014
Here below are given the known etymologies for words in Proto-Tenarian, the reconstructed ancestor of Valian, Elasian, and Lillian. For forms no longer extant in Valian, examples are given from its direct ancestor Old Valian (OV.).
*-a: Va. -a "(OV.) genitive case suffix"; Elas. -o "genitive case suffix"
*-aʔiC: Va. -ä "pronominal genitive-dative case suffix"; Elas. -á "dative case suffix"
*aʔtsa: Va. aas "girl"; Elas. -áz "nouns denoting female referents"
*aʔra: Va. aars "large", Elas. -ár "animate augmentative suffix"
*eʔil: Va. eelas "strong", välya "noble"; El. Élász "wild, fierce".
*-äm(iC): Va. -ä(mmi) "(OV.) instrumental case suffix"; Elas. -em "instrumental case suffix"
*kaʔlʲaśa: Va. kaalas "party, celebration"; Elas. kályaz "dance".
*həˈkärja: Va. kärya "saga"; Elas. ger < *hegerjo "story"
*mir: Va. torm(<*tormi) "father", ; Elas. mir "head"
*mer: Elas. meret "language"; Va. merilinna (archaic) "poet"
*pV(h)ś-1, maybe *pæśi or *paĭhśi: Elas. pasz "stone"; Va. päht "stone"
*pétaqĭ: Va. pead "sparrow"; Elas. pet "bird"; Lil. pidoig "bird"
*śalima: Va. salma "belief" ; El. szólim "trust" (should be szálim??)
*śajan: Va. saya "badger"; El. szaj "wolverine"
*śilima: Va. silma "star"; El. szilin "star"
*talilet: Va. talle, from earlier tallet "speech"; El. tollet "a proverb"
*taʔnikos: Va. taankos "steed, warhorse"; Elas. tónisz "beast of burden" from earlier tónix, Lil. tōneg "reindeer".
*tieje: Va. tee, older teeye "I"; El. tá "I (dat.)"
*tur: El. turáz "maiden", possible compound of *tur + *aʔtsa, Va. torm "father"
*vaha: Va. välya "noble", Va. tavaha "holy"
*-en/-in: Va. -in "denotes plural"; Elas. -en "denotes plural"
*-lja: Va. -lya "indicates negative polarity of verb"; El. -lya "indicates negative polarity of verb"
- 1 — The original vowel cannot be reconstructed with safety as Va. shows /æ/ while El. has /a/; historically the equivalent of Va. /æ/ is El. /e/. It does not appear to be a reduced diphthong either as neither language shows a long vowel or diphthong. Furthermore, the Va. reflex shows /ht/ which is believed to usually originate from earlier /kt/-sequences. If the original stem contained /kt/ then the expected Elasian reflex would be **pás, reduced from **paks as clusters of the /kts/-type in Elasian show t-deletion.
- If we assume paʔś- as stem, then why doesn't the Elasian reflex surface with /ɑh/ nor Va. with /ɑː/? Instead Va. shows /æht/ which would point at a stem **pähĭt which is problematic as the Elasian reflex would be *pét /peht/ alt. *péit /pehit/ and not pasz /pat͡s/. One suggestion is *pæś- which while solving the problem in Välyatalle does not explain the irregularity in æ > a in Elasian. A possible *paĭhś- is also discounted primarily on grounds that /aĭh/ should reflex as Va. /æː/ and El. /ah/.